This is only draft (hanya rancangan)

1. Brief Discussion:
WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN LOMBOK
IN RESPOND TO CHANGING CLIMATE
Surana
Water Resources/OM Eng
International Workshop:
Building Scientific Capacity in Seasonal Climate Forecasting (SCF) For
Improved Risk Management Decisions in a Changing Climate
Kuala Lumpur, December 2011

2. OUT LINE
• General info
• ISSUES – IMPACT OF CC
• FACT and FIGURES
• Strategic Measures

3. Present /General Condition
 The West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province, located
in the neighboring east of the Bali Island,
Indonesia.
 Population = 4.25 m
 Average rainfall = 900 – 2.600 mm (Nov – Apr)
 Potential surface water : 10 Mm3
 Potential groundwater : 2 Mm3
 Two Main Islands (river basins, ie Lombok and
Sumbawa) and 18 sub-basins, of which, five of
them, are increasingly deteriorating, among others,
due to the impacts of widespread human activities
in the upper watershed areas (and may be due to
the impact of climate change(?))

4. NTB Main Water Rresources Infrastructures
Irrigated Rice field = 169.505 ha
Small Scheme Irrigation = 46.154 ha
Villige Irrigation System & rf = 112.570 ha
Ground Water Irrig system = 5.986 ha
TOTAL Sawah = 334.215 ha
Dam and Reservoir = 8 units
Weirs = 288 units
Small Ponds (Gov’) = 119 units
Rural/ponds/embung = 1.978 units
Ground Water Stations = 486 units
Village Tunnels = 7 units
The water utilizations are mostly for irrigation and clean
water for domestic consumptions, in some particular
locality, especially near the coastal areas, water
resources are also utilized for fisheries, life stocks.

5. Rainfall Maps of NTB Province WRD Regional Offc

7. MAP OF INTERCONNECTION SCHEME
LOMBOK SELATAN
Bendung Keru
Bendung Jangkok
Bendung Jurang Sate
Sesaot Bendung Babak
Bendung Sesaot MELOANG
Sesaot
Bendung Katon Mamben
HLD Jangkok - Babak Sidemen
Kukusan
Keru Tempasan
HLD Babak - Renggung Pringgasela
Anjani
Gde Bongoh
Jurang Sate Hulu Temusik
Datar
Kerongkong
Paok
Dengkol
Ijobalit
Gebong
Tain Petuk
Baturiti
Perako
Muncan
Denggen
Iwan
Reban Talat
Jontak
Renggung
Jurang Sate Hilir
Rutus Pungkang
Gebong
Parung
Batujai
Waduk Sakra Kondak
Batujai
Jurang Batu
Swangi
Katon
Waduk
Pengga Surabaya
Mujur 2
Pandanduri Resv
Mujur 1 Pelapak
Tibunangka
Kulem Pelambik
Penendem
under constr
Tundak
E.Pare
Pengga Resv Batujai Resev
Propose Mujur
Resv

8. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
SKEMA JARINGAN INTERKONEKSI LOMBOK SELATAN
S.Enda-Enda S.Renggung
S.Keru S.Babak S.Lenek S S.Sri Gangga S.Rutus S.BENDUNG S.Gading S.Kermit
S.Lenek U
Bd. Jengguar
S.Sade S Bangka
Bd. Lantan Bendung Terara
S.Bekanga Gde Bongoh
BD. Babak Benjor BR SRI (Paok Dengkol) Otak Desa Temusik
G.Joged
Pelolat
HLD BABAK-RENGGUNG-RUTUS HLD RUTUS
S.Sesaot S.Kelambu
Sungai Bangka
S.Ganti Rutus
Sidemen
S.Dalem
JKG/PKG
S.Jangkok E. Sade Otak Desa
S.Gambir
PD. Duri
Sesaot-GEB Simbe Jurang Sate Renggung
Parung
Keru Feder Lenek Pelapak
JB-HLD Ses-Fed Sakra
BJS.1
HLD JANGKOK- BABAK
Bd. Keru Sal Jurang Sate BJS - 20 Sal Jurang Batu Swangi
Tundak
S.Sekot Jr. Batu TB. Nangka
S.Ranget
Grunung Katon S. Palung
S.Remining Mujur - 1 Penendem
Montang Mujur - 2 Kulem
JSHLR
S.Dodokan
E. Surabaya Pelambik
S.Midang Bun Topang Mata Maling
S. Palung
BT.Kantar
S.Midang Montong S.Lajut
Gamang
Nyurbaya Surabaya
Supl. Ses-Geb E. Pare
Gebong Kuripan
S Leneng S.Mangkung Bd. Bile remong
Mencongah BT.Terang Batujai
E. Batu Nampar
Bertais Keterangan :
Jalur Saluran
Majeli Pengga
Sungai
Rep Pencor Bendung
Divertion (Bang Bagi Utama)
Pamotan
Waduk
Gegutu
Ireng Daya Mataram
KAB.LOMBOK BARAT KAB.LOMBOK TENGAH KAB.LOMBOK TIMUR

10. Kota Sumbawa Besar, 2006
Labuan Badas
Kawasan Bandara Sumbawa

11. SKETSA PENAMPANG
GERAKAN TANAH
DUSUN CERORONG KAB. LOMBOK TENGAH
O
N 2 6 0 E
Komplek
Longsor Jalan Tanah
SKETSA PENAMPANG Longsor
Th. 93-84 Th.94-99 SDN Cerorong
GERAKAN TANAH 35 m 50 m
DUSUN CERORONG KAB. LOMBOK TENGAH
v v v
Retakan
v v v
v v v
Rongga Akibat
O Aliran Airtanah
N 2 6 0 E Muka Airtanah
Endapan Bahan Longsoran
Komplek Arah Aliran
Longsor Longsor Jalan Tanah
Th. 93-84 Th.94-99 SDN Cerorong Lama
35 m 50 m
v v v DAERAH KELOMPOK
Retakan MATA AIR 2
v v v
v v v N5 E
30
Rongga Akibat
Aliran Airtanah
Muka Airtanah
Endapan Bahan Longsoran Lembah Longsoran 115 m
Arah Aliran
De hKlo pk
ara e mo De hKlo pk
ara e mo
V . V . V Mtair1
aa Mtair3
aa
Rtaa
e kn Rtaa
e kn
V . V . V
DAERAH KELOMPOK V . V . V
MATA AIR 2
V . V . V
N5 E
30 Endapan Bahan Longsoran
Lembah Longsoran 115 m
De hKlo pk
ara e mo De hKlo pk
ara e mo
V . V . V Mtair1
aa Mtair3
aa
Rtaa
e kn Rtaa
e kn

13. CLIMATE CHANGES
Indications/Impacts of Climate Change?

15. Fact: CC in NTB is REAL
 The cases of Malaria and Degues (DBD) epidemics
are icreasing continuesly,
 The rainfall patterns are becoming irregular
(start/end of rainy season can not be accurately
predicted as before - uncertain).
 The occurency of floodings during rainny season,
drought during dry season, tropical storms, and
landslides are significantly encreased,
 Around 750 springs in 1980, but some 300 are
remains in 2006,
 High Sedimentation rate in embungs and cannals

16.  The average temperatures periode January 1971
upto Desember 2006, has been increased 0,5C.
Maximum 27,6 C and minimum 24,4 C
 The maximum Temperature has increased 0,7C,
whilst the minimum temperature has increased 1,2C
 Maximum Rainfall has shifted
(from the periode of January-March during 1971-
2000  periode Oktober-Desember in 2006;)
 Rainy season has been shifted (see graph)
Sources: BMG Selaparang, 2007
Regional Health Services
WRD Office

17. Climate Changes Parameters
(30 years analisys)
 Climate pattern
 Rain fall
 Temperatures (avrg, min, max)
 Wind Speed (avg)
 Sunsine record
 Humidity
Sources:
BMKG Selaparang Mataram

18. 1. Shifting in pattern
Remark upto 1980 UPTO 1990 upto 2000 upto 2010
Start of dry season April May May March
START OF WET SEASON November November October November
length OF WET SEASON (mth) 5 6 7 4
Length of dry season (MTH) 7 6 5 8
Peak of wet SEASON January January February November
Peaks of dry SEASON July Agustus Agust Agust
: significant changes

19. Okt-Des :
2. RAINFALL ANALYSIS Trend naik
pada
dekade
terakhir (26
Graphical view of rainfall averages, NTB
Grafik Rata-Rata Curah Hujan NTB Jan-Mar :
mm)
(1971 – 2010)
Periode Tahun 1971-2010
Trend turun
300
pada
250 dekade
Apr-Jun(50
terakhir :
200
milimeter
mm) naik
Trend
150 pada
100 dekade
terakhir (7
50
mm)
0
s/d 1980 s/d 1990 s/d 2000 s/d 2010 Jul-Sep :
Januari-Maret April-Juni Juli-September Oktober-Desember
Trend naik
pada
dekade
Shifting in Peak of Rainfall’season terakhir (17
mm)

20. 2. RAINFALL (MATARAM St
3000 Variabilitas Curah Hujan Tahunan Kota Mataram
1750
2500 Trend of decreaasing
1700 1697 Temperatures during
1709
20001650 30 years periods
milimeter
Significant
15001600
decrease during
1550 recent decades
1000 (180 mm) 1517
1500
5001450
01400
s.d 1989 s.d 1999 s.d 2009
Periods/ Years

21. 3. TEMPERATURES
3.1 AVERAGES
AVERAGES (Mataram St)
26.60
26.50 26.47
26.40
26.30
0Celcius
26.20
26.15
26.10
26.00 26.02
25.90
25.80
25.70
s.d 1989 s.d 1999 s.d 2009
Periods/Years
YEAR
NORMAL 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 INCREASING
TEMP’S TEMP’S
1971-2000 26.5 26.5 26.4 26.6 26.8 26.5 26.5 26.4 26.7 27.1 2001-2010
26.1 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.6 1.0 0.5

22. 3.2 Maximum Temperatures
Variability of Maximum Temp (Mataram St)
31.60
31.51
31.40
31.20
0 Celcius
31.00 31.06
30.80 30.78
30.60
30.40
s.d 1989 s.d 1999 s.d 2009
Periods/ Years
Year
NORMAL 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 INCREASING
TEMP’S TEMP’S
1971-2000 31.5 31.3 31.6 31.8 32.1 31.4 31.6 31.5 31.7 31.9 2001-2010
30.9 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.0 1.2 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 1.1 0.8

23. 3.3 Minimum Temperature
Variability of Minimum Temp (Mataram St)
23.3
23.2 23.22
derajat Celcius
23.1
23
22.9
22.85
22.8
22.7 22.72
22.6
s.d 1989 s.d 1999 s.d 2009
Periode Tahun
Years of Recorded
NORMAL 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Increasing
TEMP Temp’s
1971-2000 23.1 23.1 23.2 23.1 23.4 23.0 23.2 23.2 23.1 23.9 2001-2010
22.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.6 1.4 0.7

24. 4. WIND SPEED
Variability of Windspeed (Mataram St)
7.0
6.3
6.0
5.0
5.1
4.0 4.7
knots
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
s.d 1989 s.d 1999 s.d 2009
Year (periods)

25. 5. LENGTH OF SUNSHINE
Variability of Sunshine Length (Mataram St)
72.0
71.8 71.6 71.8
71.6
Percentage %
71.4
71.2
71.0
70.8 70.8
70.6
70.4
70.2
s.d 1989 s.d 1999 s.d 2009
Period / Years

26. 6. HUMIDITY
Variability of Humidity (Mataram St)
81.5
81.0
80.9
81.0
80.5
Persent %
80.0
79.5 79.6
79.0
78.5
s.d 1989 s.d 1999 s.d 2009
Periods/ Years

27. Shifting in Rainfall Patterns
(Bali, Nusa Tenggara)
Increasing
In Bali-Nusra, one
flood risk
month delays in rainy
season  decreased
rice production by 7-
18% (Naylor et al, 2006)
Drought risk
increased
Augt Dec May

28. DROUGHT OCCURRENCE NTB’PROVINCE  2005
Agric Area Drought - Existing
Nr. District/Town (%)
(ha) potency (ha) drought (ha)
1 Lombok Barat 22.594,00 2.784,00 0,00 0,00
2 Lombok Tengah 51.045,00 10.678,00 392,00 3,67
3 Lombok Timur 45.870,14 2.019,00 0,00 0,00
4 Sumbawa Barat 8.997,00 903,00 0,00 0,00
5 Sumbawa 42.500,00 1.785,00 108,00 6,05
6 Dompu 17.761,00 3.357,00 1.088,00 32,41
7 Bima 28.570,00 8.775,00 7.020,00 80,00
8 Kota Mataram 1.741,34 0,00 0,00 0,00
9 Kota Bima 1.901,00 118,00 115,00 97,46
Total 220.979,48 30.419,00 8.723,00 28,68

29. Floods
Drought
Land Slides

30. Building Scientific Capacity

31. CCF
 Who Doing What
 In What extent
 Order of priority
 Immediate or long term
 ACTION PLAN

32. WHY HAPPENED ? CONSTRAIN ?
SOME EVIDENCES
 Lack of Understanding how to deal with
climate variability and climate changes
(both official and/or farmers)
 Lack of attention to the
natural/ecological Phenomena and
environmental decay;
 Coordination . . .

33. LIST OF MEASURES
 Built linkage among agencies and departments
for learning possible strategies to deliver the
output of the research into practice by users.
 Severe water shortages in Lombok, need to
make better use of existing supplies (ACIAR
projects, SRI practice and combination)
 In Lombok, evidence suggests that dry-season
river flows have fallen substantially due to
damage in the upper catchment areas  need
upper catchment tretment and remedial.

34. LIST OF MEASURES cont
 Need to launch process for establishing
and strengthening WUA and the Local
Water Board (also train the local
leader/champion/spiritual leader about the
aspec of climate change matters (impact ,
adaptaion, mitigation, in a simple format)
and strategic farming methods  FFS

35.  Need For Flexible Measures
Implementation:
 WR situation in Lombok very complex
 Many projects ongoing or under preparation
 Sharing activities (fund etc) will need to be adjusted
based on performance / degree of importance
Implementing the Strategic Action Plan
dealing with the impact of CC Variability (ie.
Local Government, 2007):
 Listed of action plan within each institution in provincial
level

36. CLIMATE CHANGE
ADAPTATION

37. Embung

39. HYSTORY OF RICE CULTIVATION
• PRIMITIVE / TRADITIONAL CULTIVATION (Shifting
cultivation for rice and bean)
• UPLAND RICE (PADI LAHAN TEGALAN/GOGO)
• TRANSPLANTED RICE called “sistem sawah” or “rancah”
(Seedling, buffallo tilth, flooding)
• GOGO RANCAH (Dry direct seeding and flooding at
vegetative and/or reproductive stages)
• INTRODUCING ACM (Cultivation on Vertisol)
• Applying SCF (aciar project using IQQM softwares)
• RAISED BED METHOD (introduction stage)
• SRI (System Rice Intensification) 
high priority
• Local wisdom aplication ?
• what else . . . . .

40. THANK YOU