1. 4/5/2017
National Academies Workshop
1
2:00 p.m.-3:00 p.m. Session IV:
Perspectives on Integration from Emerging and
Established Thought Leaders in Innovation
Moderator: Laurie Baefsky (member of the study committee)
Executive Director, ArtsEngine and the Alliance for the Arts in Research Universities (a2ru)
Jim Spohrer (IBM Reseasrch – Almaden)
Director of Cognitive Open Technologies
Aileen Huang-Saad (University of Michigan)
Assistant Professor in Biomedical Engineering and Engineering Education
Ethan Eagle (Wayne State)
Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering
Dan Nathan-Roberts (San Jose State University)
Assistant Professor in Industrial and Systems Engineering
8. 8
Hi-Ed Culture Change:
All courses change some every year and include projects.
Faculty, students, and industry professionals as lifelong learners.
• Problem (too static)
– A: Input: Student quality
– B: Process: Faculty motivation
– C: Output: Industry fit
• Solution (change systematically)
– A: -20% eLearning certification
– B. +10% Faculty interest tuning (publications)
– C. +10% On-the-job skills tuning (projects)
Year 1: 20%
Year 2: 20%
Year 3: 20%
Year N: 20%
. . . . . . . .
After a decade the course may look quite different
Service systems are learning systems: productivity, quality, etc.
Projects: Include studying relevant startups/innovators, and building networks to them.
10. “The best way to predict the future is to inspire the
next generation of students to build a better world”
Digital Natives Transportation Water Manufacturing
Energy Construction ICT Retail
Finance Healthcare Education Government
12. Steps Toward a Next Generation
Cognitive Curriculum
• 2016
• “How to build a cognitive system for Q&A task.”
• 9 months to 40% question answering accuracy
• 1-2 years for 90% accuracy, which questions to reject
• 2026
• “How to use cognitive assistants to be a better professional X.”
• Tools to build a student level Q&A from textbook in 1 week
• 2036
• “How to use your cognitive mediator to build a startup.”
• Tools to build faculty level Q&A for textbook in one day
• Cognitive mediator knows a person better (in some ways)
than they know themselves (identity & responsibility)
• 2046 & 2056
• “How to manage your workforce of digital workers.”
• 2046: 10 digital workers each; 2056: 100 digital workers each
4/5/2017 12
22. Today’s Talk: Integrated Education
• Context
• Open Technologies and Age of Accelerations
• Science of Smarter/Wiser Service Systems
• Digital Cognitive Systems: AI vs IA
• Liberal Arts: Knowing + Doing
• Questions and Responses
• (1) Integrated Education = ? (PB_AC_MT_LSE_OT)
• (2) T-shapes = ? (Depth and breadth integrated by
projects; empathy and outcomes that matter)
• (3) Industry wants = ? (T-shaped lifelong learners;
effective resource integrators; adaptive innovators )
4/5/2017 Understanding Cognitive Systems 22
Jim Spohrer
(Maine, MIT, Verbex, Yale, Apple, IBM, …)
32. Jobs of the Future
4/5/2017 Understanding Cognitive Systems 32
33. In sum, the top job of the future will be…
• Knowing what to do with 100 people working for you!
• What is the most productive purpose to point them towards?
• What goals create the most value for business and society?
• That is the world we are entering with digital cognitive systems (DCS)
• No shortage of DCS workers…
• …but what would you do with 100 people/DCS working for you?
• Most people don’t have any idea…
• However, great entrepreneurs do have an idea
• Education of the future must teach students to work in teams
• Work on challenges in teams with no solutions
• This will require T-shaped professionals with depth and breadth
4/5/2017 Understanding Cognitive Systems 33
34. Service Science
• Service System Entities
– Types: Businesses, Universities, Governments, etc.
– Nested & Networked Globally
– SD Logic (A2A; Resource Integrators)
• Value Co-Creation Interactions
– Types: Value-Proposition & Governance Mech-based
– Collaboration & Competition Blended
– SD Logic (Operant & Operant Resources)
• Builds On…
– Decades of Service Research (Marketing, Operations, etc.)
– SSME+D; From I to T to Pi-shapes… and beyond!
– T Summit (March 24-25, 2014)
• Measures
– Productivity, Quality, Compliance, Sustainable Innovation
– Holistic Service Systems
• Quality of Life, Balance Challenge & Routine
• Innovativeness, Equity, Sustainability, Resilience
35. Service Systems Fundamental Abstraction of Service Science:
ISSIP portal to Disciplines (23), Professional Associations (39), Journals (20), Conferences (31), Workshops (7)
IBM SSME Centennial Icon of Progress
Discipline Association
Marketing AMA
Operations Research INFORMS
Information
Systems
AIS
Computer Science
and Engineering
ACM, IEEE
Human Factors AHFE
Operations
Management
POMS
Systems Science ISSS
Design SDN
Systems Engineering IIE
… …
Serviceology SfS
(SSME+DAPP) ISSIP
38. Why ISSIP? T-shapes for
Teamwork
• Our world is becoming more
interconnected and complex
• Yet most organizations
operate is silos
• Most professional
organizations do a great job
of focusing on one
discipline, function, or
industry sector
ISSIP is a professional society designed
to focus on the interconnected nature
of value co-creation for smart service
systems (tech, biz, social, etc.)
BREADTH
DEPTH
T-Shape
professionals can
innovate across
traditional
boundaries
39. ISSIP Ambassadors
• More than 15 Ambassadors
and growing…
• Link ISSIP to other
professional associations,
research centers, conferences,
etc.
• Help ISSIP co-sponsor
activities in other conferences
more...
http://www.issip.org/learningcenter/valuen
twork/
40. The Well-Read Service Scientist
(The top 300 papers – together over 100,000 citations)
• http://service-science.info/archives/2708
41. Service-Dominant Logic
Prof. Stephen VARGO Prof. Robert LUSCH
Vargo, S. L., & Lusch, R. F. (2004). Evolving to a
new dominant logic for marketing. Journal of
marketing, 1-17. (Oct. 2013, ~4500 citations)
Claude Frédéric Bastiat David Ricardo Colin Clark Richard Normann John Riordan
42. Service Thinking
Saperstein & Hastings: Book, Course, ISSIP Certificate
All value is co-created
Service systems we live and work in
Componentized business architecture
Global-mobile-social scalable platforms
Run-Transform-Innovate
Multi-sided metrics
CVC Group, LLC 42
43. 43
“Order of Magnitude” Observation:
Modeling Holistic Service Systems
Level AKA ~No. People ~No. Entities Example
0. Individual Person 1 10,000,000,000 Jim
1. Family Household 10 1,000,000,000 Spohrer’s
2.Neighborhood Street 100 100,000,000 Kensington
3. Community Block 1000 10,000,000 Bird Land
4. Urban-Zone District 10,000 1,000,000 SC Unified
5. Urban-Center City 100,0000 100,000 Santa Clara
6.Metro-Region County 1,000,000 10,000 SC County
7. State Province 10,000,000 1,000 CA
8. Nation Country 100,000,000 100 USA
9. Continent Union 1,000,000,000 10 NAFTA
10. Planet World 10,000,000,000 1 UN