10. The Steady State Model Fig. 2: Steady State Model. As the galaxies mutually recede, new matter comes into existence to replace them. The universe thus constantly renews itself and so never began to exist.

12. The Oscillating Model Oscillating Model. Each expansion phase is preceded and succeeded by a contraction phase, so that the universe in concertina-like fashion exists beginninglessly and endlessly Oscillating Model with Entropy Increase. Due to the conservation of entropy each successive oscillation has a larger radius and longer expansion time .

15. The Vacuum Fluctuation Model Fig. 5: Vacuum Fluctuation Models. Within the vacuum of the wider Universe, fluctuations occur which grow into mini-universes. Ours is but one of these, and its relative beginning does not imply a beginning for the Universe-as-a-whole.

40. Allah Is The Source of Our Moral Values? By the Soul, and the proportion and order given to it; And inspired it (with conscience of) what is wrong for it and (what is) right for it. (Surat Ash-Shams, Chapter 91, Verses 7-8) Allah said :-

41. Argument from Instinct

59. Answer to Question No. 1 “ Remember Allaah during times of ease and He will remember you during times of hardship.” (Narrated by Ahmad) "Allah, the Glorious and Exalted said: `When I afflict my slave in his two dear things (i.e., his eyes), and he endures patiently, I shall compensate him for them with Jannah.". (Al-Bukhari) "No Muslim is afflicted by a harm, be it the pricking of a thorn or something more (painful than that), but Allah thereby causes his sins to fall away just as a tree sheds its leaves". (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) - Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:

60. Answer to Question No. 1 - If no such thing as pain and suffering existed then how would we be able to understand what an eternal punishment means in order for us to fear it? - It helps you recognize that your not in control of everything and that Allah is .

61. Answer To Question No. 2 - We are not appealing to God due to some gap in our scientific knowledge, rather we are appealing to God due to what the best of scientific knowledge today tells us. - We have to make our decisions today based on what evidence we already have and not what we might have. - I can also argue back that maybe science in the future would prove that God does exist.

64. Answer To Question No. 5 - Perhaps if God did not create people that would reject Him then others would not have ended up accepting Him as they would if those people were to be created. - Perhaps this is the best world possible that God could have created in order to get the most people to accept Him.