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An Online Student Portfolio for the
Documentation and Assessment of
Engineering Graduate Attributes




                                      1
2
The STALGS project team
Dr Stuart Palmer – School of
Engineering and IT

Dr Dale Holt – Institute of
Teaching and Learning

Dr Wayne Hall – School of
Engineering, University of
Plymouth

Dr Clive Ferguson – School of
Engineering and IT


                                3
Introduction
Internationally, engineering education
accrediting bodies have moved toward
outcomes-based assessment of graduate
competency

This is typically realised in the form of a list of
graduate attributes that students should
exhibit by the completion of their studies

                                                      4
Graduate attributes
Arising from the push in higher education for
quality assurance, accountability for outcomes
and capability of graduates, specifying a list of
qualities or capabilities that graduates will attain
provides a benchmark against which the
performance of a higher education institution
can be measured



                                                       5
Graduate attributes – Deakin Uni
Knowledge and understanding
  understanding of, and the ability to work with, a systematic body of knowledge, appropriate to the focus and
level of the qualification based on the highest standards of scholarship and research
and where research is undertaken:
           ability to initiate and formulate viable and relevant research questions
           contribution to new knowledge, or an original interpretation and application of existing knowledge
           understanding of the social, economic and cultural impact and application of their research, and its academic relevance
           and value
  understanding of the professional, social, economic and cultural contexts of the discipline and related fields
  awareness of ethical issues, social responsibility and cultural diversity
  understanding and appreciation of international perspectives in a global environment.

Skills
  critical analysis, problem solving, and creative thinking
  Identifying, gathering, evaluating and using information
  communicating effectively and appropriately in a range of contexts
  developing, planning and managing independent work
  working effectively as part of a team
  effectively using information and communication technologies
  applying knowledge learned in the program to new situations.




                                                                                                                                     6
Graduate attributes - Eng Aust




                                 7
Eng Aust - Competency standard




                                 8
Graduate attributes – a caveat
It is important to make the distinction between
processes which ensure that a program will
contain opportunities for student to learn and
practice desired attributes, and processes
which seek to certify actual student
attainment of graduate attributes




                                                  9
2005 AUQA audit of Deakin
“…Deakin has developed a policy to ensure that
undergraduate courses…develop an appropriate
level of expert knowledge of a field of study and
attributes…The Deakin Advantage is a good
concept and it was clear to the Panel that
academic staff are taking seriously the need
to embed graduate attributes in their courses.”
           (Australian Universities Quality Agency, 2005, p. 18)




                                                                   10
2005 AUQA audit of Deakin
“…that Deakin University communicate to
students more effectively the nature and aims of
the Deakin Advantage [the then current name of
the suite of Deakin’s graduate attributes] and
assist them to document the discipline-specific
and generic skills they are developing
throughout their course.”
          (Australian Universities Quality Agency, 2005, p. 19)



                                                                  11
Engineering online portfolio trial aims
1. Translate both Deakin’s and Engineers Australia’s
   graduate attributes into discipline-contextualised
   attributes for engineering
2. Develop an on-line student portfolio system based
   on WebCT Vista
3. Using a sub-set of these graduate attributes, embed
   the use of the on-line student portfolio into the
   assessment of that unit
4. Conduct a trial and evaluation of the portfolio


                                                         12
Graduate attributes selected
1. Proficiency in engineering design
2. Ability to communicate effectively, with the
   engineering team and with the community at large
3. Manage own time and processes effectively,
   prioritising competing demands to achieve personal
   and team goals and objectives
4. Fluency in current computer-based word-processing
   and graphics packages
5. Capacity for creativity and innovation


                                                        13
The assessable task
1. Evidence – Tangible evidence, in an
   electronic form that demonstrates attainment
   of the specified attribute

2. Reflection – (at least) 200 words that
   demonstrates understanding of the
   importance and relevance of the attribute


                                                  14
Portfolio – engineering design



The design shown above was a design I drew up in CAD2 for university. This project was a pedal box for the Deakin Formulae SAE car,
the project was a group one, but I lead the team and also drew up the cad model. The model was to start out to be a very simple and easy
to manufacture pedal box, but once all the design specifications started to be checked off the list, the system become somewhat more
complex.
The car itself was tiny, there was not much room to mount anything, the pedals could be mounted from the top or the bottom, but pedals
mounted from the bottom would not leave enough room for legs etc. Using this constraint, a base was designed that would fit into the cars
nose that could be bolted on, then the pedals started to be designed. The biggest problem was designing the leverage required in the
design brief for the accelerator, this system needed extra linkages to accomplish this ratio. There were kill switches added into the design
on the brake pedal, and adjustable mount was made so the pedal could be moved for shorter drivers, however the design was a little too
heavy, so the base was modified to dramatically reduce weight.
I found the whole CAD2 unit to be fantastic, not only did I really enjoy the subject, it improved my problem solving and design
knowledge. This project made students start from scratch with a design problem, very similar to what would be given in an engineering
firm, then we were required to return with a design, an oral presentation to describe our progress and a full report showing the work
carried out, the research, costing, bill of materials etc. These are vital elements required by engineers and will be important to me in my
career, this knowledge will be dearly useful for my future as an engineer, as lateral thinking is required to solve problems in a simple but
effective way.



                                                                                                                                               15
Portfolio – engineering design                                                  *********************************************************************
My example of proficiency in engineering design is the "pontoon" code I have written         *pontoon.asm
                                                                                             *15/8/05
for the Motorola 68HC11 microprocessor. To develop this program required                     *********************************************************************
                                                                                             CODE         EQU         $0100
considerable knowledge of the workings of this chip and the machine language required        EOT          EQU         $04
to achieve these results. It required writing the code in a basic language, debugging it,    VAR          EQU         $0000
                                                                                             STACK        EQU         $47
converting the language into machine code and finally downloading the machine code           INCHAR EQU               $FFCD
                                                                                             OUTA         EQU         $FFB8
onto the microcontroller so it could run the code and provide the desired result. These      OUTSTRGEQU               $FFC7
results came from studying a number of texts and the coursework presented in SEE 215.        OUT1BYT EQU              $FFBB
                                                                                             STRINGS EQU              $B600

                                                                                             *********************************************************************
Engineering Design Proficiency - the problem presented is solved comprehensively                          ORG         VAR
and efficiently in a maintainable format with minimal resources.                             CARD1                    RMB 4
                                                                                             RESULT                   RMB 1
                                                                                             CRESULT                  RMB 1
To write good proficient code a programmer is required to fulfil several steps                           OPT l
(methodology). The first step is to develop requirements that will ensure the objective is
                                                                                                    ORG               CODE                                 BEGIN THE GAME
reached, then to construct a flowchart around these requirements, ensuring logical flow             LDY               #$0                                  INITIALISE Y REGISTER FOR COUNTER
                                                                                                    LDS               #STACK                               INITIALISE STACK
and preventing repetition, and finally for the program code to be written.                          LDX               #PLAYMSG                             ASK PERSON IF THEY WANT TO PLAY
                                                                                                    JSR               OUTSTRG
                                                                                             PLAYON JSR               INCHAR                               DETERMINE THEIR ANSWER
Proficiency in writing this code is paramount because the chip has minimal resources                CMPA              #'Q                                  PLAYER WILL NOT PLAY ON
                                                                                                    BEQ               SHUTDOWN
especially in reference to memory. Therefore in order to meet the projects objectives the           CMPA              #'C                                  PLAYER WILL PLAY ON
code needed to be concise. This required a comprehensive knowledge of the coding                    BNE               WRONG1                               INVALID CHARACTER ENTERED
                                                                                                    BEQ               ANOTHA                               GO TO GAME SUBROUTINE
language to help reveal the simplest and smallest solution.                                  TCARD STAA               CARD1,Y                              STORE PLAYER'S FIRST CARD
                                                                                                    INY
Unfortunately I was not able to find the flowchart I constructed for this particular                JMP               ANOTHA                               GET ANOTHER CARD
program to demonstrate the way it was developed to ensure proficiency. However it is                STAA              CARD1,Y                              STORE PLAYER'S 2ND CARD
                                                                                                    INY
evident from its structured layout Its comprehensive comments (ensuring the program                 JMP               COMPUTER                             GET THE COMPUTER'S CARDS
                                                                                             CALC   JMP               SUM                                  SUM PLAYER'S CARDS TOGETHER
code can be followed easily and updated if needed), and its compact format also show         END    JMP               $E000                                END PROGRAM
that this program was built with optimisation and accessibility in mind. Having fulfilled
this criterion, it can be seen that proficiency in engineering design has been achieved.     ******************************************************************************************
                                                                                             SHUTDOWN
                                                                                                          LDX         #CLOSE                                DISPLAY CLOSING MESSAGE
                                                                                                          JSR         OUTSTRG
                                                                                                          JMP         $E000                                 RETURN TO BUFFALO MONITOR

                                                                                             ******************************************************************************************
                                                                                             WRONG1
                                                                                                          LDX         #STRING2                 INFORM USER OF INCORRECT INPUT
                                                                                                                                                                                               16
Portfolio – communicate effectively
During the summer break 2005/2006 I participated in a vacation employment program with Qenos, website
http://www.qenos.com/. Qenos is Australia‟s largest manufacturer of polyethylene and petrochemicals.
During my three months there I was involved in two projects:                                                                                  Opportunity
•       Project planning for the removal of a polyethylene extruder and installation of a new larger extruder.                                                             Greece – Cancelled
•       Design of an adaptor sleeve for an agitator that fits to a mixing vessel                            Extruder held in storage                                       petrochemical project mid
                                                                                                               since cancelled project                                     1980’s

This document will discuss my role in the project and how I effectively communicated with other team
members and management. The project involved the removal of a 15 inch polyethylene extruder and the
installation of a new 18 inch extruder. My role was to plan how the project would be executed and produce
a Gantt chart that shows all the tasks and in what order they will be done in. My previous experience as a
fitter and tuner gave me a good understanding of the durations needed to perform some of the tasks. My role
involved a lot of communication with civil and mechanical contractors who were to perform the installation
as well as the other Qenos engineering team members involved with the project. Meetings were held at
regular intervals to keep every team member up to date of the project status and at these team meetings I
would take notes and arrange to catch up with other team members such as Electrical & Instrumentation to
get there task duration estimates which were out of my area of expertise. I would also detail progress of the
                                                                                                                                         Purchased at reduced price from
project plan at these meetings. Towards the end of my vacation employment and the week previous to the                                   Texas & shipped to Melbourne
installation of the new extruder I did a presentation of the project and what my role was to Qenos
management and engineering staff. The presentation was for approximately 15 minutes and was conducted
using a Power Point Presentation. Following the presentation questions were taken and answered or referred
to someone else. It was important for me to make the presentation as visual as possible so that the audience
could understand the project better as a lot of people in the audience were not involved in the project. To
make it as visual as possible photos were used. The presentation was conducted successfully and I received
a lot of good feedback afterwards and was also offered a graduate position with the company. Attached is
the Power Point Presentation that I put together. Also attached is my poster presentation for my final year
project. I have also attached a Word document that I had to write for the HR department who wanted to
know what we were doing during our vacation employment so they could publish it in the company
newsletter.


                                                                                                                                                                                                  17
Portfolio – communicate effectively
Nahavandi and Ferguson (2000) define communication as the flow of energy between people resulting in a mutual understanding. In this report I‟ll be reflecting on my past
experiences with oral and written presentations.
My spoken English communication skills and experiences began when I attended a coarse run by Toastmasters International. Toastmasters is movement that, through its
member clubs, is dedicated to helping people improve their communication skills so they become better speakers and leaders (Toastmasters International 2006).
Through my undergraduate course at Deakin University, I‟ve been involved in numerous oral and written presentations. For example in SEE325 – Robotics and Applications I
submitted a paper called “Electrical Safety Considerations when Designing Robot Systems”. In addition, I performed an oral presentation on the key elements of the paper.
The presentation, with electronic visual aids, was filmed and submitted to Deakin University. For SEJ343 – Design and Project Methodology, I participated in a project to
design and develop a personal computer „Monitor Lifting Stand‟ with a group of six engineering students from different streams. The project included an oral presentation of
the design, with each member presenting his/her contribution to fellow students and lecturers. Each member developed their own visual aid slides for their segment and then
collated them towards the final draft.
At work I have been involved in presenting various product training courses to fellow employees and engineering clients. In particular, I run a course for industrial electrical
maintenance staff on faultfinding proprietary motion controllers. Visual aids such as electronic slides and demonstration units assist trainees understand the course content.
Toastmasters has taught me the basics of public speaking and thinking clearly in awkward situations. The paper taught me the fundamentals of writing, especially the
structure and referencing. My experience with oral presentations has shown me to strive towards presenting clearly with minimum use of hand notes and adhering to the
time constraints. The group work enhanced the notion of communicating effectively with other engineers to achieve a common objective. Presenting training courses in
the workplace has driven my skills into the professional realm. Even though daunting at first, the thrill of the listener grasping your topic or idea is very rewarding.




                                                                                                                                                                                   18
Portfolio – personal management
Time management is planning the usage of our time with activities. This is to ensure that activities that require less attention do not supersede important ones. This in turn
brings peace of mind at the end of the day. The time management is important for engineers as it plans their workload at the start to the end of their work and pursued to other
duties. Last minutes work and not following the schedule planned are never good strategies as it could lead to a persons goals not being achieved on time or not at all.

The time management contributes a lot of importance to our work, and our daily life as well. The time management can abolish the expenditure of excess time by assigning
appropriate time to mission and this will ensure project are will not deserted at the end. The time management will also make a person independent as he is in control his own
life and activities. For every activity listed, an approximation of how much time needed is compared to its value.

The time management helps me to develop a time table since the
day I enrolled to Deakin University. The time that I have
allocated for the assignments and my oral presentations has
facilitated the on time submission without any delay. I have also
allocated some time to concentrate on my final year project. As
the supervisor has instructed earlier, a Gantt chart was
constructed with a list of all my activities proposed to complete
the project. As of now, through following the Gantt chart, I have
already completed a portion of my final year project according
to schedule.

This proves that time management is very extremely crucial in
order to complete my project on time without any hassle.




                                                                                                                                                                                 19
Portfolio – personal management
Effective university study and managing a professional career demand good time management, especially to maximise results and strike a balance with family/social life. I
have learnt that developing a clear plan that identifies tasks to be completed with associated completion times and then recording and measuring against this initial plan is an
effective time management aid.
For example, for my university studies I combine each unit‟s assignment work activity and due dates along with the normal week to week study on to one Excel spread sheet
(added as evidence). I then regularly update the sheet, which calculates approximately how far behind or in front I am at that point. A quick glance at the sheet also shows what
areas I should place a higher priority on in the shorter term – or indeed when I need to allocate additional study time to get through a busier period.
Using my simple time management tool does require a little additional work to set up and maintain; however, its return is well worth the over head in terms of being better
organised and less stressed. Progressing large projects at work certainly requires a higher level of management. Typically this management includes task identification,
estimation of work required for each task, and since major milestones are often set, working back from these events by identifying activity predecessors is often useful. I use
Microsoft Project to help schedule project activities, I have submitted an example schedule from last year as an example.
As a Tactical Coordinator on the AP-3C Orion long range maritime
patrol aircraft, I am very familiar with defining team goals and
managing a crew of twelve to fourteen people to achieve them. My
pre-flight briefing always outlines what objectives are set for the
crew both as a whole and for each crew position. During flight I
normally provide updates to the whole crew every 15 minutes or so
to ensure the whole team understands the current situation and
priorities. In this way the whole team feels they understand the task
enough to contribute their ideas, often increasing the effectiveness
of the team as a whole.
I have learnt through my engineering studies and professional work
that time management is essential in achieving and maintaining
high productivity. I have also found that setting team goals and
continually updating them allows the team to be much more
effective as a whole.



                                                                                                                                                                                   20
Portfolio – computer competence
Since I have joined the Deakin University study program, I have gained so much knowledge. This consists in the theoretical and
practical. To me, both of it is equally important as they are the required skill which essential in the next chapter of my working life
next time.
On the account of this, the computing skill has to be exceptionally good in order to survive in this competitive world. Computing
does not only consist of software alone. It includes some hardware as well. It means that the hardware have to be able to interface
with the data signaling which has been provided by the data base at the computer.
It is important that the program have to be able to cope with the simulation which required in order testing the functionality of any
project before hardware is build. The computing skill has to be understood in depth as the project progress. Schematic Diagram and
the Circuit Layout shown above prove that the ability of understanding of the computing skill is crucial in order to build a project.
Besides that, computing skill includes the implementation of the paper work and preparing the presentation slides as well. The
Progress Report (Microsoft Words) and the Gantt Chart (Microsoft Project) can be used to throw up a thesis. Not to forget, the
Microsoft Power Point and Corel Draw is important as well. These 2 software are use for making slides which can be used for the
Project Presentation and Poster as well.
It is well know that the communication and information sharing is very important in order to complete a certain project efficient and
preserve valuable time. That is why the email and Messenger is provided in order to provide this functionality. There are many
providers. For example, they can be Yahoo Inc., Microsoft MSN, and Google and so on.
The following are my skills that I have gained in Computing;
      Software programming (Basic Programming, C++)
      Microsoft Visual Basic
      Microsoft Project
      Microsoft Power Point
      CorelDraw Graphic Suite X3
      Protel 99 SE
      Matlab Student 5.3
      Eagle Layout Editor, And so on.....


                                                                                                                                          21
Portfolio – computer competence
For an engineer, the fluency in current computer based word processing is vital for documentation and also good in graphic design helps them to present the idea to the
audience both technical and non technical in a clearer view. For me, I have a fluency in word based processing such as Microsoft Words (Shown in Figure 2) for
documentation, Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet (shown in Figure 1) and also Microsoft Power Point Presentation (Shown in Figure 3). All of the stated above enhance me to
make my oral presentation to my supervisor and fellow students (MS PowerPoint), present a graph figure to prove a theory found (MS Excel) and documentation of my
thesis during undergraduate studies (MS Words).
As we all know pictures and graphics speaks a thousand words. Therefore for an engineer to present an idea, all they need to do is present them in graphic form. There are a
few graphic software that I‟ve learned and able to deliver some model by using them. They are namely 3D Drawing using Google Sketch Up (Figure 4), PCB Layout and
schematic design using Protel 99 (Figure 5), Circuit Simulation using MultiSIM 7(Figure 6), and simulation of source code using 8051IDE Simulator (Figure 7).
The 3D-Drawing using Google Sketch Up enhances me to present my idea in a 3D view where I present my idea of my final year project in dept to my audiences. The layout
of my project is drawn by this software as referred to Figure 4. I‟ve used the Protel 99 software to model my PCB Layout and schematic. Figure 5 shows the PCB Layout of
my circuit name Control Panel. In this software all I need is to draw the schematic and the entire program can route the PCB layout for me. This will then ease my workload
and result obtained is up to the requirement.
MultiSIM 7 is used to simulate my result of the stepper motor as shown in Figure 6. From this simulation I can verify my results obtained from the experiment with the result
obtain from the simulation. Circuit needs to be drawn in order to simulate the result using MultiSIM 7. 8051 IDE Simulator is used to simulate the Pentium Assembly
Language and if the error in the source code that I‟ve written the appropriate error will be flagged in that particular register. I‟ve used this simulator to track the error during
designing the software for the 8051 microcontroller as shown in Figure 7.




                                                                                                                                                                                       22
Portfolio – creativity and innovation
Creativity is “the ability to make or otherwise bring into existence something new, whether a new
solution to a problem, a new method or device, or a new artistic object or form”, while an innovation is
“the successful exploitation of [the] new idea.” (ukIDEA, 2006). Thus it is clear to see that innovation
doesn‟t exist without creativity. In this reflective piece I will take an example of a group project I was
involved in to illustrate my abilities to use creativity to produce an innovative product.
In my first year of my engineering degree a team of six people including myself were given the chance
to design a method to harvest olives. At the time, research found that there were only two main methods
to harvest olives firstly to use a mechanical harvester or using secondly to use a handheld rake. Both
methods showed large undesirable characteristics, because the mechanical harvester was found to
damage the olive trees and the fruit and also required level ground to operate, while the rake required
large amounts of manual labor and once the olives had been picked they had to be collected in some
way.
To come up with a creative idea, the team created a survey to send out to olive growers to identify the
information about their crop including their preferred method of harvest, they amount of trees they have
and the amount of fruit they expect to pick each season. After correlating the results and undergoing our
own research, the team was able to brainstorm on the survey results gathered and the olive harvesting
methods already available to come up with the final design direction The final design direction using a
„rake-like‟ approach and each member of the group was sent away to design and come up with their
own creative ideas. After meeting again with the team and each of us presenting our creative ideas, one
of my ideas was voted the highest design and with slight modifications a final design was produced.
The evidence included in this report shows the original sketches of my creative and innovative design,
which used a rake-and-suction collection system to harvest the olives. This method still involved raking
the trees but time and effort was reduced when it came to collecting the olives as the suction system
(that used the PTO on the back of a tractor) collected the olives immediately and didn‟t damage the
trees nor olives as much as the mechanical harvester. Hence the team was able to create an affordable
and practical solution to olive picking.



                                                                                                             23
Portfolio – creativity and innovation
                       Hydraulic
                                                                          Electric
 Lifting Mechanism
                       Pneumatic
                                               Power Source               Petrol Engine   In a recent project I used several creative thinking techniques to
                       Screw Auger
                       Lever                                              Manual          stimulate my thoughts and aid in the solution generation process.
                       Pulley
                                                                                          The attached evidence includes a brainstorming activity I did while
                                                                                          designing a premixer. This exercise was surprisingly useful and gave
                                                                                          me many good ideas and highlighted which aspects of the design
                                                                      Cost                were of the most importance. The benefit of creative thinking
                                                                   Low sales cost
                                                                                          exercises is that even when I seem to be suffering from „writers
                                                                   Low Manufacturing      block‟, it stimulates the thought process and can produce some clever
                                                                   Materials
                                                                                          ideas that may not have been thought of previously because the focus
                                                                                          remained on existing concepts. The application of these exercises in
                                                                                          the work place would be crucial to exploring all avenues and
                                                                                          producing a superior solution.
                              Premixer Specifications

                                                                                          Another interesting problem solving technique is TRIZ. It is defined
                                                                                          as the theory of inventive problem solving and can be thought of
      Materials                                                                           more as an enhancement technique. My group and I used this
                                                                                          method to improve certain aspects of a car hoist, to simplify the
   Carbon Fibre
      o Lightweight
                                                                                          design and produce alternative solutions. This system can be applied
      o High strength                                                                     to almost any machine, process or problem and works by suggesting
      o Expensive
   Mild Steel                                                                             ways for solving technical contradictions. I am not yet proficient in
                                                           Structure/Stability
      o Strong
      o Easily manufactured
                                                                                          this method but I can certainly see the benefits from the application
      o Heavy                                                 Tripod legs                 to engineering industry.
      o Low cost                                              Attachment to mixer
   Aluminium                                                  Guy ropes
      o Strong                       Safety
                                                              Strong construction
      o Lightweight                                           Low centre of gravity
      o Low cost                Low loading height
                                Warning labels
                                Stable construction
                                Pinch points
                                Easily lifted and dumped




                                                                                                                                                                  24
Start of semester details
  Number of valid responses         Total class enrolment             Response rate
                48                           79                         60.8 percent
       Mean age         Standard deviation             Age range            Median Age
       26.3 years             7.94 years             20 to 50 years           23 years
  Characteristic     Respondent sample       Class population         Significance test
Female                   6.4 percent              5.1 percent      Small sample Binomial
Male                    93.6 percent           94.9 percent                p > 0.43
On-campus               68.8 percent           65.8 percent             Chi square test

Off-campus              31.2 percent           34.2 percent           χ21 = 0.12, p > 0.73




                                                                                             25
Previously used hardcopy portfolio?
                 100%


                        80%
          % Agreement




                        60%                                                                                                        Pre-test
                                                                                                                                   Post-test

                        40%

                              14.6%
                        20%


                        0%
                                 1          2               3              4              5              6              7
1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio?                        5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes?
2. Previously used electronic portfolio?                      6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs?
3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes?               7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio?
4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes?



                                                                                                                                               26
Previously used electronic portfolio?
                 100%


                        80%
          % Agreement




                        60%                                                                                                        Pre-test
                                                                                                                                   Post-test

                        40%

                              14.6%    14.6%
                        20%


                        0%
                                 1          2               3              4              5              6              7
1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio?                        5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes?
2. Previously used electronic portfolio?                      6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs?
3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes?               7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio?
4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes?



                                                                                                                                               27
Aware of graduate attributes?
                 100%


                        80%
          % Agreement




                        60%                                                                                                        Pre-test
                                                                                                                                   Post-test
                                                 45.8%
                        40%

                              14.6%    14.6%
                        20%


                        0%
                                 1          2               3              4              5              6              7
1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio?                        5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes?
2. Previously used electronic portfolio?                      6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs?
3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes?               7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio?
4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes?



                                                                                                                                               28
Engineers Aust. has graduate attributes?
                 100%


                        80%
          % Agreement




                        60%                                                                                                        Pre-test
                                                                  52.1%
                                                                                                                                   Post-test
                                                 45.8%
                        40%

                              14.6%    14.6%
                        20%


                        0%
                                 1          2               3              4              5              6              7
1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio?                        5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes?
2. Previously used electronic portfolio?                      6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs?
3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes?               7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio?
4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes?



                                                                                                                                               29
Deakin has graduate attributes?
                 100%


                        80%
          % Agreement




                        60%                                                                                                        Pre-test
                                                                  52.1%
                                                                                                                                   Post-test
                                                 45.8%
                        40%                                                      33.3%
                              14.6%    14.6%
                        20%


                        0%
                                 1          2               3              4              5              6              7
1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio?                        5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes?
2. Previously used electronic portfolio?                      6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs?
3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes?               7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio?
4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes?



                                                                                                                                               30
Study, assessment & graduate attributes?
                 100%


                        80%
                                                                                                66.7%
          % Agreement




                        60%                                                                                                        Pre-test
                                                                  52.1%
                                                                                                                                   Post-test
                                                 45.8%
                        40%                                                      33.3%
                              14.6%    14.6%
                        20%


                        0%
                                 1          2               3              4              5              6              7
1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio?                        5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes?
2. Previously used electronic portfolio?                      6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs?
3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes?               7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio?
4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes?



                                                                                                                                               31
2005 AUQA audit of Deakin
“…that Deakin University communicate to
students more effectively the nature and aims of
the Deakin Advantage [the then current name of
the suite of Deakin’s graduate attributes] and
assist them to document the discipline-specific
and generic skills they are developing
throughout their course.”
          (Australian Universities Quality Agency, 2005, p. 19)



                                                                  32
Study, assessment & graduate attributes?
                 100%


                        80%
                                                                                                66.7%
          % Agreement




                        60%                                                                                                        Pre-test
                                                                  52.1%
                                                                                                                                   Post-test
                                                 45.8%
                        40%                                                      33.3%
                              14.6%    14.6%
                        20%


                        0%
                                 1          2               3              4              5              6              7
1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio?                        5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes?
2. Previously used electronic portfolio?                      6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs?
3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes?               7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio?
4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes?



                                                                                                                                               33
Understand purpose of student portfolio?
                 100%


                        80%
                                                                                                66.7%
          % Agreement




                        60%                                                                                                        Pre-test
                                                                  52.1%
                                                                                                                                   Post-test
                                                 45.8%                                                         43.8%
                        40%                                                      33.3%
                              14.6%    14.6%
                        20%


                        0%
                                 1          2               3              4              5              6              7
1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio?                        5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes?
2. Previously used electronic portfolio?                      6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs?
3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes?               7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio?
4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes?



                                                                                                                                               34
End of semester details
Number of valid responses        Total class enrolment                 Response rate
              50                             70                         71.4 percent
         Mean age           Standard deviation          Age range           Median Age
         25.3 years             7.24 years            20 to 50 years          22 years
  Characteristic      Respondent sample       Class population         Significance test
Female                    6.0 percent             5.7 percent       Small sample Binomial
Male                     94.0 percent             94.3 percent              p > 0.54
On-campus                78.0 percent             72.9 percent           Chi square test

Off-campus               22.0 percent             27.1 percent         χ21 = 0.41, p > 0.52




                                                                                              35
Understand purpose of student portfolio?
                 100%


                        80%
                                                                                                66.7%
          % Agreement




                        60%                                                                                                        Pre-test
                                                                  52.1%
                                                                                                                                   Post-test
                                                 45.8%                                                         43.8%
                        40%                                                      33.3%
                              14.6%    14.6%
                        20%


                        0%
                                 1          2               3              4              5              6              7
1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio?                        5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes?
2. Previously used electronic portfolio?                      6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs?
3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes?               7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio?
4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes?



                                                                                                                                               36
Aware of graduate attributes?
                 100%
                                                  100.0%

                        80%
                                                                                                66.7%
          % Agreement




                        60%                                                                                                        Pre-test
                                                                  52.1%
                                                                                                                                   Post-test
                                                 45.8%                                                         43.8%
                        40%                                                      33.3%
                              14.6%    14.6%
                        20%


                        0%
                                 1          2               3              4              5              6              7
1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio?                        5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes?
2. Previously used electronic portfolio?                      6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs?
3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes?               7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio?
4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes?



                                                                                                                                               37
Engineers Aust. has graduate attributes?
                 100%
                                                  100.0%          96.0%

                        80%
                                                                                                66.7%
          % Agreement




                        60%                                                                                                        Pre-test
                                                                  52.1%
                                                                                                                                   Post-test
                                                 45.8%                                                         43.8%
                        40%                                                      33.3%
                              14.6%    14.6%
                        20%


                        0%
                                 1          2               3              4              5              6              7
1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio?                        5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes?
2. Previously used electronic portfolio?                      6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs?
3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes?               7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio?
4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes?



                                                                                                                                               38
Deakin has graduate attributes?
                 100%
                                                  100.0%          96.0%           94.0%

                        80%
                                                                                                66.7%
          % Agreement




                        60%                                                                                                        Pre-test
                                                                  52.1%
                                                                                                                                   Post-test
                                                 45.8%                                                         43.8%
                        40%                                                      33.3%
                              14.6%    14.6%
                        20%


                        0%
                                 1          2               3              4              5              6              7
1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio?                        5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes?
2. Previously used electronic portfolio?                      6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs?
3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes?               7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio?
4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes?



                                                                                                                                               39
Study, assessment & graduate attributes?
                 100%
                                                  100.0%          96.0%           94.0%          94.0%

                        80%
                                                                                                66.7%
          % Agreement




                        60%                                                                                                        Pre-test
                                                                  52.1%
                                                                                                                                   Post-test
                                                 45.8%                                                         43.8%
                        40%                                                      33.3%
                              14.6%    14.6%
                        20%


                        0%
                                 1          2               3              4              5              6              7
1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio?                        5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes?
2. Previously used electronic portfolio?                      6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs?
3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes?               7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio?
4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes?



                                                                                                                                               40
Understand purpose of student portfolio?
                 100%
                                                  100.0%          96.0%           94.0%          94.0%          96.0%

                        80%
                                                                                                66.7%
          % Agreement




                        60%                                                                                                        Pre-test
                                                                  52.1%
                                                                                                                                   Post-test
                                                 45.8%                                                         43.8%
                        40%                                                      33.3%
                              14.6%    14.6%
                        20%


                        0%
                                 1          2               3              4              5              6              7
1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio?                        5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes?
2. Previously used electronic portfolio?                      6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs?
3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes?               7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio?
4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes?



                                                                                                                                               41
E-portfolio – frequency of usage
                            50%
Proportion of respondents




                            40%

                            30%

                            20%

                            10%

                            0%
                                  Daily   Weekly         Monthly   Other
                                           Frequency of access




                                                                           42
E-portfolio – ease of use
                                                Mean = 3.98; SD = 0.74
   Proportion of respondents




                               60%
                               50%
                               40%
                               30%
                               20%
                               10%
                               0%
                                     1             2            3            4              5
                                         Ease of use (1=very difficult; 5=extremely easy)




                                                                                                43
A couple of student comments
“I…thought the portfolio was an excellent idea,
as I hadn’t realised how much I have achieved
until I did it. It will help me immensely in putting
together a resume.”

“Made me feel like I am working towards
something, and haven’t been wasting time.”


                                                       44
Conclusions
A trial of an online student portfolio as a means
of engaging undergraduate engineering
students with the concept of graduate attributes
was undertaken

The awareness of issues relating to graduate
attributes rose dramatically from the beginning
of the semester

                                                    45
Conclusions
The online portfolio system has helped some
students better appreciate the entirety of their
work during their studies, and how it relates to
tangible outcomes like employability

These results suggest one strategy that can be
used to raise awareness and student
engagement with graduate attributes

                                                   46
Thank you for your time




                          47

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Sp090317

  • 1. An Online Student Portfolio for the Documentation and Assessment of Engineering Graduate Attributes 1
  • 2. 2
  • 3. The STALGS project team Dr Stuart Palmer – School of Engineering and IT Dr Dale Holt – Institute of Teaching and Learning Dr Wayne Hall – School of Engineering, University of Plymouth Dr Clive Ferguson – School of Engineering and IT 3
  • 4. Introduction Internationally, engineering education accrediting bodies have moved toward outcomes-based assessment of graduate competency This is typically realised in the form of a list of graduate attributes that students should exhibit by the completion of their studies 4
  • 5. Graduate attributes Arising from the push in higher education for quality assurance, accountability for outcomes and capability of graduates, specifying a list of qualities or capabilities that graduates will attain provides a benchmark against which the performance of a higher education institution can be measured 5
  • 6. Graduate attributes – Deakin Uni Knowledge and understanding understanding of, and the ability to work with, a systematic body of knowledge, appropriate to the focus and level of the qualification based on the highest standards of scholarship and research and where research is undertaken: ability to initiate and formulate viable and relevant research questions contribution to new knowledge, or an original interpretation and application of existing knowledge understanding of the social, economic and cultural impact and application of their research, and its academic relevance and value understanding of the professional, social, economic and cultural contexts of the discipline and related fields awareness of ethical issues, social responsibility and cultural diversity understanding and appreciation of international perspectives in a global environment. Skills critical analysis, problem solving, and creative thinking Identifying, gathering, evaluating and using information communicating effectively and appropriately in a range of contexts developing, planning and managing independent work working effectively as part of a team effectively using information and communication technologies applying knowledge learned in the program to new situations. 6
  • 8. Eng Aust - Competency standard 8
  • 9. Graduate attributes – a caveat It is important to make the distinction between processes which ensure that a program will contain opportunities for student to learn and practice desired attributes, and processes which seek to certify actual student attainment of graduate attributes 9
  • 10. 2005 AUQA audit of Deakin “…Deakin has developed a policy to ensure that undergraduate courses…develop an appropriate level of expert knowledge of a field of study and attributes…The Deakin Advantage is a good concept and it was clear to the Panel that academic staff are taking seriously the need to embed graduate attributes in their courses.” (Australian Universities Quality Agency, 2005, p. 18) 10
  • 11. 2005 AUQA audit of Deakin “…that Deakin University communicate to students more effectively the nature and aims of the Deakin Advantage [the then current name of the suite of Deakin’s graduate attributes] and assist them to document the discipline-specific and generic skills they are developing throughout their course.” (Australian Universities Quality Agency, 2005, p. 19) 11
  • 12. Engineering online portfolio trial aims 1. Translate both Deakin’s and Engineers Australia’s graduate attributes into discipline-contextualised attributes for engineering 2. Develop an on-line student portfolio system based on WebCT Vista 3. Using a sub-set of these graduate attributes, embed the use of the on-line student portfolio into the assessment of that unit 4. Conduct a trial and evaluation of the portfolio 12
  • 13. Graduate attributes selected 1. Proficiency in engineering design 2. Ability to communicate effectively, with the engineering team and with the community at large 3. Manage own time and processes effectively, prioritising competing demands to achieve personal and team goals and objectives 4. Fluency in current computer-based word-processing and graphics packages 5. Capacity for creativity and innovation 13
  • 14. The assessable task 1. Evidence – Tangible evidence, in an electronic form that demonstrates attainment of the specified attribute 2. Reflection – (at least) 200 words that demonstrates understanding of the importance and relevance of the attribute 14
  • 15. Portfolio – engineering design The design shown above was a design I drew up in CAD2 for university. This project was a pedal box for the Deakin Formulae SAE car, the project was a group one, but I lead the team and also drew up the cad model. The model was to start out to be a very simple and easy to manufacture pedal box, but once all the design specifications started to be checked off the list, the system become somewhat more complex. The car itself was tiny, there was not much room to mount anything, the pedals could be mounted from the top or the bottom, but pedals mounted from the bottom would not leave enough room for legs etc. Using this constraint, a base was designed that would fit into the cars nose that could be bolted on, then the pedals started to be designed. The biggest problem was designing the leverage required in the design brief for the accelerator, this system needed extra linkages to accomplish this ratio. There were kill switches added into the design on the brake pedal, and adjustable mount was made so the pedal could be moved for shorter drivers, however the design was a little too heavy, so the base was modified to dramatically reduce weight. I found the whole CAD2 unit to be fantastic, not only did I really enjoy the subject, it improved my problem solving and design knowledge. This project made students start from scratch with a design problem, very similar to what would be given in an engineering firm, then we were required to return with a design, an oral presentation to describe our progress and a full report showing the work carried out, the research, costing, bill of materials etc. These are vital elements required by engineers and will be important to me in my career, this knowledge will be dearly useful for my future as an engineer, as lateral thinking is required to solve problems in a simple but effective way. 15
  • 16. Portfolio – engineering design ********************************************************************* My example of proficiency in engineering design is the "pontoon" code I have written *pontoon.asm *15/8/05 for the Motorola 68HC11 microprocessor. To develop this program required ********************************************************************* CODE EQU $0100 considerable knowledge of the workings of this chip and the machine language required EOT EQU $04 to achieve these results. It required writing the code in a basic language, debugging it, VAR EQU $0000 STACK EQU $47 converting the language into machine code and finally downloading the machine code INCHAR EQU $FFCD OUTA EQU $FFB8 onto the microcontroller so it could run the code and provide the desired result. These OUTSTRGEQU $FFC7 results came from studying a number of texts and the coursework presented in SEE 215. OUT1BYT EQU $FFBB STRINGS EQU $B600 ********************************************************************* Engineering Design Proficiency - the problem presented is solved comprehensively ORG VAR and efficiently in a maintainable format with minimal resources. CARD1 RMB 4 RESULT RMB 1 CRESULT RMB 1 To write good proficient code a programmer is required to fulfil several steps OPT l (methodology). The first step is to develop requirements that will ensure the objective is ORG CODE BEGIN THE GAME reached, then to construct a flowchart around these requirements, ensuring logical flow LDY #$0 INITIALISE Y REGISTER FOR COUNTER LDS #STACK INITIALISE STACK and preventing repetition, and finally for the program code to be written. LDX #PLAYMSG ASK PERSON IF THEY WANT TO PLAY JSR OUTSTRG PLAYON JSR INCHAR DETERMINE THEIR ANSWER Proficiency in writing this code is paramount because the chip has minimal resources CMPA #'Q PLAYER WILL NOT PLAY ON BEQ SHUTDOWN especially in reference to memory. Therefore in order to meet the projects objectives the CMPA #'C PLAYER WILL PLAY ON code needed to be concise. This required a comprehensive knowledge of the coding BNE WRONG1 INVALID CHARACTER ENTERED BEQ ANOTHA GO TO GAME SUBROUTINE language to help reveal the simplest and smallest solution. TCARD STAA CARD1,Y STORE PLAYER'S FIRST CARD INY Unfortunately I was not able to find the flowchart I constructed for this particular JMP ANOTHA GET ANOTHER CARD program to demonstrate the way it was developed to ensure proficiency. However it is STAA CARD1,Y STORE PLAYER'S 2ND CARD INY evident from its structured layout Its comprehensive comments (ensuring the program JMP COMPUTER GET THE COMPUTER'S CARDS CALC JMP SUM SUM PLAYER'S CARDS TOGETHER code can be followed easily and updated if needed), and its compact format also show END JMP $E000 END PROGRAM that this program was built with optimisation and accessibility in mind. Having fulfilled this criterion, it can be seen that proficiency in engineering design has been achieved. ****************************************************************************************** SHUTDOWN LDX #CLOSE DISPLAY CLOSING MESSAGE JSR OUTSTRG JMP $E000 RETURN TO BUFFALO MONITOR ****************************************************************************************** WRONG1 LDX #STRING2 INFORM USER OF INCORRECT INPUT 16
  • 17. Portfolio – communicate effectively During the summer break 2005/2006 I participated in a vacation employment program with Qenos, website http://www.qenos.com/. Qenos is Australia‟s largest manufacturer of polyethylene and petrochemicals. During my three months there I was involved in two projects: Opportunity • Project planning for the removal of a polyethylene extruder and installation of a new larger extruder. Greece – Cancelled • Design of an adaptor sleeve for an agitator that fits to a mixing vessel Extruder held in storage petrochemical project mid since cancelled project 1980’s This document will discuss my role in the project and how I effectively communicated with other team members and management. The project involved the removal of a 15 inch polyethylene extruder and the installation of a new 18 inch extruder. My role was to plan how the project would be executed and produce a Gantt chart that shows all the tasks and in what order they will be done in. My previous experience as a fitter and tuner gave me a good understanding of the durations needed to perform some of the tasks. My role involved a lot of communication with civil and mechanical contractors who were to perform the installation as well as the other Qenos engineering team members involved with the project. Meetings were held at regular intervals to keep every team member up to date of the project status and at these team meetings I would take notes and arrange to catch up with other team members such as Electrical & Instrumentation to get there task duration estimates which were out of my area of expertise. I would also detail progress of the Purchased at reduced price from project plan at these meetings. Towards the end of my vacation employment and the week previous to the Texas & shipped to Melbourne installation of the new extruder I did a presentation of the project and what my role was to Qenos management and engineering staff. The presentation was for approximately 15 minutes and was conducted using a Power Point Presentation. Following the presentation questions were taken and answered or referred to someone else. It was important for me to make the presentation as visual as possible so that the audience could understand the project better as a lot of people in the audience were not involved in the project. To make it as visual as possible photos were used. The presentation was conducted successfully and I received a lot of good feedback afterwards and was also offered a graduate position with the company. Attached is the Power Point Presentation that I put together. Also attached is my poster presentation for my final year project. I have also attached a Word document that I had to write for the HR department who wanted to know what we were doing during our vacation employment so they could publish it in the company newsletter. 17
  • 18. Portfolio – communicate effectively Nahavandi and Ferguson (2000) define communication as the flow of energy between people resulting in a mutual understanding. In this report I‟ll be reflecting on my past experiences with oral and written presentations. My spoken English communication skills and experiences began when I attended a coarse run by Toastmasters International. Toastmasters is movement that, through its member clubs, is dedicated to helping people improve their communication skills so they become better speakers and leaders (Toastmasters International 2006). Through my undergraduate course at Deakin University, I‟ve been involved in numerous oral and written presentations. For example in SEE325 – Robotics and Applications I submitted a paper called “Electrical Safety Considerations when Designing Robot Systems”. In addition, I performed an oral presentation on the key elements of the paper. The presentation, with electronic visual aids, was filmed and submitted to Deakin University. For SEJ343 – Design and Project Methodology, I participated in a project to design and develop a personal computer „Monitor Lifting Stand‟ with a group of six engineering students from different streams. The project included an oral presentation of the design, with each member presenting his/her contribution to fellow students and lecturers. Each member developed their own visual aid slides for their segment and then collated them towards the final draft. At work I have been involved in presenting various product training courses to fellow employees and engineering clients. In particular, I run a course for industrial electrical maintenance staff on faultfinding proprietary motion controllers. Visual aids such as electronic slides and demonstration units assist trainees understand the course content. Toastmasters has taught me the basics of public speaking and thinking clearly in awkward situations. The paper taught me the fundamentals of writing, especially the structure and referencing. My experience with oral presentations has shown me to strive towards presenting clearly with minimum use of hand notes and adhering to the time constraints. The group work enhanced the notion of communicating effectively with other engineers to achieve a common objective. Presenting training courses in the workplace has driven my skills into the professional realm. Even though daunting at first, the thrill of the listener grasping your topic or idea is very rewarding. 18
  • 19. Portfolio – personal management Time management is planning the usage of our time with activities. This is to ensure that activities that require less attention do not supersede important ones. This in turn brings peace of mind at the end of the day. The time management is important for engineers as it plans their workload at the start to the end of their work and pursued to other duties. Last minutes work and not following the schedule planned are never good strategies as it could lead to a persons goals not being achieved on time or not at all. The time management contributes a lot of importance to our work, and our daily life as well. The time management can abolish the expenditure of excess time by assigning appropriate time to mission and this will ensure project are will not deserted at the end. The time management will also make a person independent as he is in control his own life and activities. For every activity listed, an approximation of how much time needed is compared to its value. The time management helps me to develop a time table since the day I enrolled to Deakin University. The time that I have allocated for the assignments and my oral presentations has facilitated the on time submission without any delay. I have also allocated some time to concentrate on my final year project. As the supervisor has instructed earlier, a Gantt chart was constructed with a list of all my activities proposed to complete the project. As of now, through following the Gantt chart, I have already completed a portion of my final year project according to schedule. This proves that time management is very extremely crucial in order to complete my project on time without any hassle. 19
  • 20. Portfolio – personal management Effective university study and managing a professional career demand good time management, especially to maximise results and strike a balance with family/social life. I have learnt that developing a clear plan that identifies tasks to be completed with associated completion times and then recording and measuring against this initial plan is an effective time management aid. For example, for my university studies I combine each unit‟s assignment work activity and due dates along with the normal week to week study on to one Excel spread sheet (added as evidence). I then regularly update the sheet, which calculates approximately how far behind or in front I am at that point. A quick glance at the sheet also shows what areas I should place a higher priority on in the shorter term – or indeed when I need to allocate additional study time to get through a busier period. Using my simple time management tool does require a little additional work to set up and maintain; however, its return is well worth the over head in terms of being better organised and less stressed. Progressing large projects at work certainly requires a higher level of management. Typically this management includes task identification, estimation of work required for each task, and since major milestones are often set, working back from these events by identifying activity predecessors is often useful. I use Microsoft Project to help schedule project activities, I have submitted an example schedule from last year as an example. As a Tactical Coordinator on the AP-3C Orion long range maritime patrol aircraft, I am very familiar with defining team goals and managing a crew of twelve to fourteen people to achieve them. My pre-flight briefing always outlines what objectives are set for the crew both as a whole and for each crew position. During flight I normally provide updates to the whole crew every 15 minutes or so to ensure the whole team understands the current situation and priorities. In this way the whole team feels they understand the task enough to contribute their ideas, often increasing the effectiveness of the team as a whole. I have learnt through my engineering studies and professional work that time management is essential in achieving and maintaining high productivity. I have also found that setting team goals and continually updating them allows the team to be much more effective as a whole. 20
  • 21. Portfolio – computer competence Since I have joined the Deakin University study program, I have gained so much knowledge. This consists in the theoretical and practical. To me, both of it is equally important as they are the required skill which essential in the next chapter of my working life next time. On the account of this, the computing skill has to be exceptionally good in order to survive in this competitive world. Computing does not only consist of software alone. It includes some hardware as well. It means that the hardware have to be able to interface with the data signaling which has been provided by the data base at the computer. It is important that the program have to be able to cope with the simulation which required in order testing the functionality of any project before hardware is build. The computing skill has to be understood in depth as the project progress. Schematic Diagram and the Circuit Layout shown above prove that the ability of understanding of the computing skill is crucial in order to build a project. Besides that, computing skill includes the implementation of the paper work and preparing the presentation slides as well. The Progress Report (Microsoft Words) and the Gantt Chart (Microsoft Project) can be used to throw up a thesis. Not to forget, the Microsoft Power Point and Corel Draw is important as well. These 2 software are use for making slides which can be used for the Project Presentation and Poster as well. It is well know that the communication and information sharing is very important in order to complete a certain project efficient and preserve valuable time. That is why the email and Messenger is provided in order to provide this functionality. There are many providers. For example, they can be Yahoo Inc., Microsoft MSN, and Google and so on. The following are my skills that I have gained in Computing;  Software programming (Basic Programming, C++)  Microsoft Visual Basic  Microsoft Project  Microsoft Power Point  CorelDraw Graphic Suite X3  Protel 99 SE  Matlab Student 5.3  Eagle Layout Editor, And so on..... 21
  • 22. Portfolio – computer competence For an engineer, the fluency in current computer based word processing is vital for documentation and also good in graphic design helps them to present the idea to the audience both technical and non technical in a clearer view. For me, I have a fluency in word based processing such as Microsoft Words (Shown in Figure 2) for documentation, Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet (shown in Figure 1) and also Microsoft Power Point Presentation (Shown in Figure 3). All of the stated above enhance me to make my oral presentation to my supervisor and fellow students (MS PowerPoint), present a graph figure to prove a theory found (MS Excel) and documentation of my thesis during undergraduate studies (MS Words). As we all know pictures and graphics speaks a thousand words. Therefore for an engineer to present an idea, all they need to do is present them in graphic form. There are a few graphic software that I‟ve learned and able to deliver some model by using them. They are namely 3D Drawing using Google Sketch Up (Figure 4), PCB Layout and schematic design using Protel 99 (Figure 5), Circuit Simulation using MultiSIM 7(Figure 6), and simulation of source code using 8051IDE Simulator (Figure 7). The 3D-Drawing using Google Sketch Up enhances me to present my idea in a 3D view where I present my idea of my final year project in dept to my audiences. The layout of my project is drawn by this software as referred to Figure 4. I‟ve used the Protel 99 software to model my PCB Layout and schematic. Figure 5 shows the PCB Layout of my circuit name Control Panel. In this software all I need is to draw the schematic and the entire program can route the PCB layout for me. This will then ease my workload and result obtained is up to the requirement. MultiSIM 7 is used to simulate my result of the stepper motor as shown in Figure 6. From this simulation I can verify my results obtained from the experiment with the result obtain from the simulation. Circuit needs to be drawn in order to simulate the result using MultiSIM 7. 8051 IDE Simulator is used to simulate the Pentium Assembly Language and if the error in the source code that I‟ve written the appropriate error will be flagged in that particular register. I‟ve used this simulator to track the error during designing the software for the 8051 microcontroller as shown in Figure 7. 22
  • 23. Portfolio – creativity and innovation Creativity is “the ability to make or otherwise bring into existence something new, whether a new solution to a problem, a new method or device, or a new artistic object or form”, while an innovation is “the successful exploitation of [the] new idea.” (ukIDEA, 2006). Thus it is clear to see that innovation doesn‟t exist without creativity. In this reflective piece I will take an example of a group project I was involved in to illustrate my abilities to use creativity to produce an innovative product. In my first year of my engineering degree a team of six people including myself were given the chance to design a method to harvest olives. At the time, research found that there were only two main methods to harvest olives firstly to use a mechanical harvester or using secondly to use a handheld rake. Both methods showed large undesirable characteristics, because the mechanical harvester was found to damage the olive trees and the fruit and also required level ground to operate, while the rake required large amounts of manual labor and once the olives had been picked they had to be collected in some way. To come up with a creative idea, the team created a survey to send out to olive growers to identify the information about their crop including their preferred method of harvest, they amount of trees they have and the amount of fruit they expect to pick each season. After correlating the results and undergoing our own research, the team was able to brainstorm on the survey results gathered and the olive harvesting methods already available to come up with the final design direction The final design direction using a „rake-like‟ approach and each member of the group was sent away to design and come up with their own creative ideas. After meeting again with the team and each of us presenting our creative ideas, one of my ideas was voted the highest design and with slight modifications a final design was produced. The evidence included in this report shows the original sketches of my creative and innovative design, which used a rake-and-suction collection system to harvest the olives. This method still involved raking the trees but time and effort was reduced when it came to collecting the olives as the suction system (that used the PTO on the back of a tractor) collected the olives immediately and didn‟t damage the trees nor olives as much as the mechanical harvester. Hence the team was able to create an affordable and practical solution to olive picking. 23
  • 24. Portfolio – creativity and innovation Hydraulic Electric Lifting Mechanism Pneumatic Power Source Petrol Engine In a recent project I used several creative thinking techniques to Screw Auger Lever Manual stimulate my thoughts and aid in the solution generation process. Pulley The attached evidence includes a brainstorming activity I did while designing a premixer. This exercise was surprisingly useful and gave me many good ideas and highlighted which aspects of the design Cost were of the most importance. The benefit of creative thinking Low sales cost exercises is that even when I seem to be suffering from „writers Low Manufacturing block‟, it stimulates the thought process and can produce some clever Materials ideas that may not have been thought of previously because the focus remained on existing concepts. The application of these exercises in the work place would be crucial to exploring all avenues and producing a superior solution. Premixer Specifications Another interesting problem solving technique is TRIZ. It is defined as the theory of inventive problem solving and can be thought of Materials more as an enhancement technique. My group and I used this method to improve certain aspects of a car hoist, to simplify the Carbon Fibre o Lightweight design and produce alternative solutions. This system can be applied o High strength to almost any machine, process or problem and works by suggesting o Expensive Mild Steel ways for solving technical contradictions. I am not yet proficient in Structure/Stability o Strong o Easily manufactured this method but I can certainly see the benefits from the application o Heavy Tripod legs to engineering industry. o Low cost Attachment to mixer Aluminium Guy ropes o Strong Safety Strong construction o Lightweight Low centre of gravity o Low cost Low loading height Warning labels Stable construction Pinch points Easily lifted and dumped 24
  • 25. Start of semester details Number of valid responses Total class enrolment Response rate 48 79 60.8 percent Mean age Standard deviation Age range Median Age 26.3 years 7.94 years 20 to 50 years 23 years Characteristic Respondent sample Class population Significance test Female 6.4 percent 5.1 percent Small sample Binomial Male 93.6 percent 94.9 percent p > 0.43 On-campus 68.8 percent 65.8 percent Chi square test Off-campus 31.2 percent 34.2 percent χ21 = 0.12, p > 0.73 25
  • 26. Previously used hardcopy portfolio? 100% 80% % Agreement 60% Pre-test Post-test 40% 14.6% 20% 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio? 5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes? 2. Previously used electronic portfolio? 6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs? 3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes? 7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio? 4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes? 26
  • 27. Previously used electronic portfolio? 100% 80% % Agreement 60% Pre-test Post-test 40% 14.6% 14.6% 20% 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio? 5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes? 2. Previously used electronic portfolio? 6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs? 3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes? 7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio? 4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes? 27
  • 28. Aware of graduate attributes? 100% 80% % Agreement 60% Pre-test Post-test 45.8% 40% 14.6% 14.6% 20% 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio? 5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes? 2. Previously used electronic portfolio? 6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs? 3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes? 7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio? 4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes? 28
  • 29. Engineers Aust. has graduate attributes? 100% 80% % Agreement 60% Pre-test 52.1% Post-test 45.8% 40% 14.6% 14.6% 20% 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio? 5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes? 2. Previously used electronic portfolio? 6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs? 3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes? 7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio? 4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes? 29
  • 30. Deakin has graduate attributes? 100% 80% % Agreement 60% Pre-test 52.1% Post-test 45.8% 40% 33.3% 14.6% 14.6% 20% 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio? 5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes? 2. Previously used electronic portfolio? 6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs? 3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes? 7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio? 4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes? 30
  • 31. Study, assessment & graduate attributes? 100% 80% 66.7% % Agreement 60% Pre-test 52.1% Post-test 45.8% 40% 33.3% 14.6% 14.6% 20% 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio? 5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes? 2. Previously used electronic portfolio? 6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs? 3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes? 7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio? 4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes? 31
  • 32. 2005 AUQA audit of Deakin “…that Deakin University communicate to students more effectively the nature and aims of the Deakin Advantage [the then current name of the suite of Deakin’s graduate attributes] and assist them to document the discipline-specific and generic skills they are developing throughout their course.” (Australian Universities Quality Agency, 2005, p. 19) 32
  • 33. Study, assessment & graduate attributes? 100% 80% 66.7% % Agreement 60% Pre-test 52.1% Post-test 45.8% 40% 33.3% 14.6% 14.6% 20% 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio? 5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes? 2. Previously used electronic portfolio? 6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs? 3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes? 7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio? 4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes? 33
  • 34. Understand purpose of student portfolio? 100% 80% 66.7% % Agreement 60% Pre-test 52.1% Post-test 45.8% 43.8% 40% 33.3% 14.6% 14.6% 20% 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio? 5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes? 2. Previously used electronic portfolio? 6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs? 3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes? 7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio? 4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes? 34
  • 35. End of semester details Number of valid responses Total class enrolment Response rate 50 70 71.4 percent Mean age Standard deviation Age range Median Age 25.3 years 7.24 years 20 to 50 years 22 years Characteristic Respondent sample Class population Significance test Female 6.0 percent 5.7 percent Small sample Binomial Male 94.0 percent 94.3 percent p > 0.54 On-campus 78.0 percent 72.9 percent Chi square test Off-campus 22.0 percent 27.1 percent χ21 = 0.41, p > 0.52 35
  • 36. Understand purpose of student portfolio? 100% 80% 66.7% % Agreement 60% Pre-test 52.1% Post-test 45.8% 43.8% 40% 33.3% 14.6% 14.6% 20% 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio? 5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes? 2. Previously used electronic portfolio? 6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs? 3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes? 7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio? 4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes? 36
  • 37. Aware of graduate attributes? 100% 100.0% 80% 66.7% % Agreement 60% Pre-test 52.1% Post-test 45.8% 43.8% 40% 33.3% 14.6% 14.6% 20% 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio? 5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes? 2. Previously used electronic portfolio? 6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs? 3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes? 7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio? 4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes? 37
  • 38. Engineers Aust. has graduate attributes? 100% 100.0% 96.0% 80% 66.7% % Agreement 60% Pre-test 52.1% Post-test 45.8% 43.8% 40% 33.3% 14.6% 14.6% 20% 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio? 5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes? 2. Previously used electronic portfolio? 6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs? 3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes? 7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio? 4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes? 38
  • 39. Deakin has graduate attributes? 100% 100.0% 96.0% 94.0% 80% 66.7% % Agreement 60% Pre-test 52.1% Post-test 45.8% 43.8% 40% 33.3% 14.6% 14.6% 20% 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio? 5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes? 2. Previously used electronic portfolio? 6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs? 3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes? 7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio? 4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes? 39
  • 40. Study, assessment & graduate attributes? 100% 100.0% 96.0% 94.0% 94.0% 80% 66.7% % Agreement 60% Pre-test 52.1% Post-test 45.8% 43.8% 40% 33.3% 14.6% 14.6% 20% 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio? 5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes? 2. Previously used electronic portfolio? 6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs? 3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes? 7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio? 4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes? 40
  • 41. Understand purpose of student portfolio? 100% 100.0% 96.0% 94.0% 94.0% 96.0% 80% 66.7% % Agreement 60% Pre-test 52.1% Post-test 45.8% 43.8% 40% 33.3% 14.6% 14.6% 20% 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Previously used hardcopy portfolio? 5. Aware that Deakin University has a list of graduate attributes? 2. Previously used electronic portfolio? 6. Link between study & assessment, and development of GAs? 3. Aware of the concept of graduate attributes? 7. Understand the purpose of a student professional portfolio? 4. Aware that Engineers Australia has a list of graduate attributes? 41
  • 42. E-portfolio – frequency of usage 50% Proportion of respondents 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Daily Weekly Monthly Other Frequency of access 42
  • 43. E-portfolio – ease of use Mean = 3.98; SD = 0.74 Proportion of respondents 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1 2 3 4 5 Ease of use (1=very difficult; 5=extremely easy) 43
  • 44. A couple of student comments “I…thought the portfolio was an excellent idea, as I hadn’t realised how much I have achieved until I did it. It will help me immensely in putting together a resume.” “Made me feel like I am working towards something, and haven’t been wasting time.” 44
  • 45. Conclusions A trial of an online student portfolio as a means of engaging undergraduate engineering students with the concept of graduate attributes was undertaken The awareness of issues relating to graduate attributes rose dramatically from the beginning of the semester 45
  • 46. Conclusions The online portfolio system has helped some students better appreciate the entirety of their work during their studies, and how it relates to tangible outcomes like employability These results suggest one strategy that can be used to raise awareness and student engagement with graduate attributes 46
  • 47. Thank you for your time 47