This presentation is all about Nanocomposites

1. BY
Ms. S. Sowmya
M. Phil Physics

2.  Define: The understanding and control of matter at
dimensions between 1 and 100 nanometers, where
unique phenomena enable novel applications[1].
 Properties: Surface to volume ratio, electrical
conductivity, colour, strength, weight, chemical
reactivity etc. change remarkably when the nanoscale
level is reached[2].
 Types of Nanomaterials: Nanoparticles, Quantum
dots, Nanoshells, Nanotubes, Nanofibers, Nanorods,
Nanowires, Nanofilms, Nanolayers, Nanocoatings[3].

3.  Define: A combination of two or more different
materials that are mixed in an effort to blend the best
properties of both.
 Composite: Matrix/Reinforcement i.e. continuous
phase/discontinuous phase[4].
 Examples: Wood (cellulose/lignin), bone
(hydoxyapatite/ collagen), SiC/Al2O3, MgO/Fe,
Polyester/TiO2.

4.  Define: Multiphase solid materials derived from the
combination of two or more components, including a matrix
(continuous phase) and a discontinuous nano-dimensional
phase with at least one nano-sized dimension (i. e., with less
than 100 nm).
 Matrix/Nano fillers (Reinforcement) Combination[5].
 have attracted tremendous attention due to their
potential applications such as in food & packaging,
aerospace, environmental protection, electronics,
automotive engine parts and fuel tank etc…
Fig.1. Nanoparticulates
composites[8]

5.  Nano-fibers, Nano-whiskers, Nano-particles, Nano-
Platelets[7].
 Result of the addition of nanofillers has drastic
improvement in properties such as increase in
surface to volume ratio, aspect ratio, mechanical
strength, toughness and electrical or thermal
conductivity etc[6].
 Percentage by weight of the nanofillers introduced
can remain very low (order of 0.5% to 5%) due to
low filler percolation threshold[7]
.

6. Types With Features Nanocomposites
1. Ceramic
Good wear resistance and high thermal
and chemical stability . But they are
brittle (low toughness ).
Enhanced mechanical properties including
Fracture toughness, Stiffness & Strength due
to the crack bridging role of nanofillers .
2. Metal
Ductile, toughness with high strength
and modulus, electrical and heat
conductivity . But highly corrosive.
High strength in shear/compression
processes , high electrical and thermal
stability, Wear and Chemical resistance.
3. Polymer
Widely used in industry due to their ease
of production, lightweight and ductility.
Some disadvantages, such as low
modulus and strength.
Polymers/ inorganic compounds increases
heat and impact resistance, flame
retardancy & mechanical strength &
decreases gas permeability with respect to
oxygen and water vapour. Polymer/metal
or ceramic offer striking magnetic,
electronic, optical or catalytic properties.
Dramatic improvement in biodegradability.

7. Types(based on
matrix)
Metal Matrix
Nano composites
(MMNC)
Ceramic Matrix
Nano composites
(CMNC)
Polymer Matrix
Nano composites
(PMNC)

8.  Define: Composites consist of a metal matrix filled with
nano-particles producing remarkable physical and
mechanical properties when compared to those of the
matrix[10].
 Examples: Fe-Cr/Al2O3, Ni/Al2O3, Co/Cr, Fe/MgO,
Al/CNT, Mg/CNT.
 Processing Methods: Rapid solidification (RSP)[11];
Vapour techniques (PVD, CVD); Electrodeposition
and Chemical methods (colloidal and sol-gel
processes); Ball milling[9].

9.  Define: The main part of the volume is occupied by
a ceramic with nanofillers as a metal/ non-
metal/ceramic materials mostly, resulting in improved
optical, electrical and magnetic properties as well as
tribological, corrosion-resistance and other protective
properties[12].
 Examples: Al2O3/SiO2, SiO2/Ni, Al2O3/TiO2,
Al2O3/SiC, Al2O3/CNT, SiC/C.
 Processing Methods: Conventional powder method;
Polymer precursor route; Vapour techniques (CVD and
PVD) and Chemical methods (sol-gel process, colloidal
and precipitation approaches, template synthesis)[9].

10.  Define: Inorganic or Organic nanofillers are
incorporated within polymeric matrix [13] to obtain
improved properties like compressive & flexural
mechanical properties, light weight, electrical
conductivity etc [14].
 Examples: Thermoplastic/thermoset polymer/layered
silicates, polyester/TiO2, polymer/CNT,
polymer/layered double hydroxides.
 Processing Methods: Intercalation of the polymer or
pre-polymer from solution; In-situ intercalative
polymerization; Melt intercalation; Direct mixture of
polymer and particulates and Sol-gel process[9].

11. 1. Food packaging:
 The gas barrier, anti microbial activity,
biodegradability, light weight properties of
PMNC has been used in packaging foods to
increase shelf life of processed meats, cheese,
confectionery, cereals and boil-in-the-bag foods,
fruit juice and dairy products, beer and
carbonated drinks bottles.
 Ex. PET/Nanoclay, Thermoplastic
Olefin/Nnaoclay[9].

12. 2. Environmental Protection:
 Nanocomposites have better adsorption capacity,
selectivity, and stability.
 The adsorption of various pollutants such as heavy
metal ions (Cu, Pb, Ni, Hg, Zn, Cd etc.) and dyes (congo
red etc.) from the contaminated water with the help of
nanocomposites has attracted significant attention.
 Ex: SiO2/ Au or Ag, Fe2O3/Al2O3
[15].

13. 3. Aerospace industries.
4. Automobile Sectors.
5. Oil and Gas pipeline[7].
6. Bone Repair.
7. Batteries[16].

14. [1]http://www.nanowerk.com/nanotechnology/introduction
/introduction_to_nanotechnology_1.php
[2] Luisa Filipponi and Duncan Sutherland (2010) NanoYou
teachers training kit in nanoscience and nanotechnologies,
Module 1.
[3] Lecture 5 – Fudamentals of nanomaterials,
http://www.ttu.ee
[4] Composite Materials, RSC Jounal, Index 4.3.1
[5] Azeredo, Mattoso and McHugh (2009) Nanocomposites in
Food Packaging– A Review , Advances in Diverse Industrial
Applications of Nanocomposites, DOI:10.5772/14437
[6] Nanocomposites – An Overview of Properties,
Applications and Definition,
http://www.azonano.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1832

15. [7] Okpala (2014), The benefits and applications of nanocomposites,
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, Vol. V,
Issue IV, pg 12-18.
[8] Shivani Pandya (2008), Nanocomposites & It’s Application, Review
article.
[9] Camargo, Satyanarayana, Wypych (2009) Nanocomposites:
Synthesis, Structure, Properties and New Application Opportunities,
Materials Research, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1-39.
[10] Casati R & Vedani M (2014) Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced by
Nano-Particles—A Review, Metals 2014, 4, 65-83;
doi:10.3390/met4010065.
[11] Prof. P. K. Rohatgi and B. Schultz (2007) Lightweight Metal Matrix
Nanocomposites - Stretching the Boundaries of metals, Material
Matters 2007, 2.4, 16.
[12] F. E. Kruis, H. Fissan and A. Peled (1998) Synthesis of nanoparticles
in the gas phase for electronic, optical and magnetic applications – a
review, J. Aerosol Sci. 29 (5–6): 511–535.

16. [13] F Hussain (2006)Review article: Polymer-matrix
Nanocomposites, Processing, Manufacturing, and
Application: An Overview, Journal of composite materials,
Vol. 40, No. 17.
[14]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanocomposite.
[15] Ajay Kumar Mishra (2015) Nanocomposites
In Wastewater Treatment, Pan Stanford Publishing Pte.
Ltd.
[16]http://www.understandingnano.com/nanocomposit
es-applications.html