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1. វិន័យគុណភាពប្រសិទ្ធភាព
វិទ្យាស្ថា នសហប្រតិរតតិការអនតរជាតិ កម្ពុជា
Cambodia International Cooperation Institute
English Department
Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Languages
Writing Skill
Topic: Adverb Clauses and Sentence Structure
Submitted by Submitted to
Group 1 : Lecturer: Kak Sovanna
1. Hean Piseth
2. Suon Kosal
3. Ven Huyteang
4. Chorn Bunsong
5. Re Rong
6. Mey Sarath
7. Sang Rith
8. Phai Kimso
Year 1, Semester 2, Room 403
2015-2016

2. Table Contents
I. Adverb Clause
II. Sentence Structure
III. Reference
IV. Question and Answer

3. I. Adverb Clause
• An adverb is a subordinate clause that modifies a verb, an
adjective, or an adverb. It tells when, Where, how, why, to
what extent, or under what conditions. An adverb clause is
usually introduced by a subordinating conjunction.
• EX:
1. Before winter begin, I planted bulbs.
2. Bulbs usually do well if you use fertilizer.
3. The flowers are beautiful because the winter was mild.
Kind of adverb clauses: are introduced into eight kinds.

4. A. Adverb clauses of time
• Adverb clauses of time : are introduced by the subordinating
conjunction when, whenever, while, after, before, since .etc.
• EX:
1. It always rains after I’ve washed my car.
2. The doorbell rang as/while I was changing.
3. Have some coffee before you go.

5. B. Adverb clauses of Place
• Adverb clauses of place : are introduced by the
subordinating conjunctions where and wherever.
• EX:
1. Where the road bends left, there’s a turning an the right.
2. You can put it wherever you want.

6. C. Adverb clauses of Purpose
• Adverb clauses of purpose: are introduced by the
subordinating conjunctions so, That, In order that and lest.
We can use a to infinitive clause to express in formal style.
• EX:
1. I’d just sat down to read the paper.
2. The Company borrowed money in order/to finance
their advertising.

7. D. Adverb of causes of reason
• Adverb of causes or reason: are introduced by the
subordinating conjunctions because, as, since.
• EX:
1. I made mistakes because ,I was tired.
2. Since on one asked me, I didn't tell them.

8. E. Adverb clauses of condition
• Adverb clauses of condition: are introduced by the
subordinating conjunction of condition if, whether, unless.
• EX:
1. If you join the library, you can borrow books.
2. She wouldn’t want a dog whether she had room for one
or not.
3. Useless you tell her about your love, She won’t know it.

9. F. Adverb clause of result or consequence.
• Adverb clauses of result or consequence : are introduced by
the subordinating conjunction That, Frequently, so, or such
precedes it in the Principal clause.
• EX:
1. He is such a good man that all respect him.
2. She is friendly that everyone likes to talk with her.

10. G. Adverb Clauses of comparison
There are 2 kinds:
1. Adverb clauses of comparison of Degre: are introduced by
the subordinating conjunction, or by the relative adverb as
EX:
1. He is older than he looks.
2. He is not so clever as you think.
Note: The verb of the adverb clause of comparison of Degree
is often understood and not expressed, as
EX: She likes Chocolate better than I.[Like it]

11. 2. Adverb clauses of comparison of Manner: are introduced
by the relative adverb, as
EX:
1. Do it in the way that I showed you.
2. Jessica behaved as always does.

12. H. Adverb clauses of supposition or concession
• Adverb clauses of supposition or concession: are introduced by the
subordinating conjunction though, although, even if.
• EX:
1. Though I am poor, I am honest.
2. Even if it rains, I small come.
3. Although I forbade this, you have done it.

13. II. Sentence Structure
• Kind of sentences
Sentence is a group of words that you use to communicate your ideas. Every
sentence is formed from one or more clauses and expresses a complete
thought.
 The four basic kinds of sentences in English are Simple, Compound,
Complex, and compound-complex.
1. Simple sentence:
A simple sentence contains only one Main clause and no Subordinate
clause. It may contain a compound subject or compound verb.
EX:
1. Freshwater boils at 100 degree Celsius at sea level.
2. Freshwater boils at 100 degree and freezes at o degree Celsius.
3. Freshwater and salt water do not boil and do not freeze at the same.

14. 2. Compound Sentences
A compound sentences is two or more independent clause joined
together. There are three ways to join the clause.
a. Compound Sentences with Coordinators
It’s usually joined by a comma. There are seven coordinators conjunction
such as (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So) or FANBOYS.
Form: Independent clause, + Coordinator + Independent clause.
EX: - Japanese people live longer than most other nationalities, For they eat
healthful diets.
- They eat a lot of fish and vegetables, And the eat lightly.
- Diet is one factor in how long people live, But it is not the only factor.
- They do not eat a lot of red meat, Nor do they eat many dairy products.
Note: Nor means “and not” it joins two negative independent clause. Notice
that question word order is used after Nor

15. b. Compound sentences with conjunctive adverbs
It may be joined by a semicolon before a comma after conjunction
adverb. Conjunction adverb such as: ( Also, furthermore, however,
nevertheless, on the other hand, otherwise, accordingly, as a result, for
example, for instance…….)
Form: Independents clause; + conjunctive adverb, + Independents
clause.
EX: - Community colleges offer predation for many occupation; also
they prepare students to transfer to a four-year college or university.
- People often have set opinions music; nevertheless, one should
keep an open mind.
- Many people want to attend the exhibit; however, tickets are no
loner available.

16. c. Compound sentences with Semicolons
A third way to form compound sentence is to connect the two
independent clauses with a semicolon alone:
Ex: - Poland was the first Eastern European country to turn away from
communism; others soon followed.
- Clothing styles move in cycles; today’s fashions will reappear at some
time in the future.

17. 3. Complex Sentence
A complex sentence contains one main clause(Indep Cl) and one
or more subordinate clauses (Dep Cl). In a complex sentence, one idea
is generally more important than the other one. There are three kinds
of dependent clause: adverb, adjective, and noun.
a. Complex sentences with Adverb clause
An adverb clause acts like an adverb that is it tells where, when, why
and how. An adverb clause begins with a subordinator, such as When,
While, Because, Although, If, So or That. It can come before or after
an independent clause.
EX: 1. Although women in the United State could own property (Dep
Adv Cl) they could note vote until 1920.(Indep Cl)
2. A citizen can vote in the United State (Indep Cl)when he or she is
18 years old.(Dep Adv Cl)

18. b. Complex sentences with Adjective clause
An adjective clause acts like and adjective that is it describes a
noun or pronoun. An adjective clause begins with a relative pronoun,
such as: Who, Whom, Which, Whose or that or with a relative adverb,
such as: Where or When. It follows the noun or pronoun it describes.
EX: Men who are not married (Dep Adj Cl) are called bachelors.
c. Complex sentences with noun clause
A noun clause begins with a WH- question word that, whether
and sometimes if. A noun clause acts like a noun it can be either the
subject of the independent clause.
EX: That there is a hole in the ozone layer of earth’s atmosphere is
well known. (Dep N Cl)

19. 4. Compound-complex sentence
A compound-complex sentence has two or more main clause
and at least one subordinate clause.
EX: 1. I wanted to travel after I graduated from college; however, I had
to go to work immediately.
2. Billie Holiday, who lived from 1915 to 1959, grew up in a poor
family, and she became a famous jazz singer.

20. III. Reference
 Book of Academic writing year 1, semester 2, 2011 Edition
Page 26-40
 www.google.com
 Oxford Guide to English Grammar by John Eastwood Page
327-340

21. IV. Question and Answer
Any question just ask, don’t by shy.