The document provides information about motivational interviewing (MI), including its key principles and techniques. Some main points: - MI is a client-centered, directive method used to resolve ambivalence and increase intrinsic motivation for behavior change. - It follows four main processes: engaging the client, focusing on changing talk, evoking and strengthening commitment to change, and transitioning to action planning. - Key MI techniques include expressing empathy, developing discrepancy, rolling with resistance, and supporting self-efficacy. The counselor aims to be a partner rather than expert. - MI utilizes open-ended questions, affirmations, reflections, and summaries to honor client autonomy and elicit the client's own arguments

1. sovannpen@hotmail.com

2.  Ability to work with resistant clients?
 How much do you agree: I am a good listener?
 I am confident working with ―stuck‖ clients?
 I know how to help a client change?

3.  Competence
 Confidence
 Creativity
 Improved presence
 Decreased frustration
 Increased connection

4.  Start with the bad news
 Recommendation
 Minimum of two days

5.  1. The SPIRIT of MI
 2. OARS – client-centered counseling skills
 3. Recognizing and reinforcing change talk
 4. Eliciting and strengthening change talk
 5. Rolling with Resistance
 6. Developing a Change Plan
 7. Consolidating client commitment
 8. Shifting flexibly between MI and other
methods

6.  Debi Austin

8. I do not understand what I do. For what I want to do I do not
do, but what I hate I do. 16 And if I do what I do not want to
do, I agree that the law is good. 17 As it is, it is no longer I
myself who does it, but it is sin living in me. 18 For I know that
good itself does not dwell in me, that is, in my sinful
nature. For I have the desire to do what is good, but I cannot
carry it out. 19 For I do not do the good I want to do, but the
evil I do not want to do—this I keep on doing. 20 Now if I do
what I do not want to do, it is no longer I who do it, but it is
sin living in me that does it.
21 So I find this law at work: Although I want to do good, evil
is right there with me. 22 For in my inner being I delight in
God’s law; 23 but I see another law at work in me, waging war
against the law of my mind and making me a prisoner of the
law of sin at work within me. 24 What a wretched man I am

12.  It is a client-centered, directive method of
engaging intrinsic motivation to change
behavior by exploring and resolving
ambivalence within the client.
 William Miller and Stephen Rollnick

13.  Basic
 Like scales
 Different types of music
 Science of counseling
 Art of counseling

14.  Phase I – Explore
ambivalence/Build Motivation
 Phase II – Change
Talk, Planning, Strengthening
Commitment

15. MI Spirit
MI Principles DEARS
OARS
Change Talk

16. FUNDAMENTAL
APPROACH OF MI
MIRROR-IMAGE
APPROACH
 Confrontation
 Education
 Authority
 Collaboration
 Evocation
 Autonomy

17.  Motivation to change is elicited from the client, and not
imposed from without.
 It is the client's task, not the counselor's, to articulate
and resolve his or her ambivalence
 Direct persuasion is not an effective method for
resolving ambivalence.
 The counseling style is generally a quiet and eliciting
one.
 The counselor is directive in helping the client to
examine and resolve ambivalence.
 Readiness to change is not a client trait, but a
fluctuating product of interpersonal interaction.
 The therapeutic relationship is more like a partnership
or companionship than expert/recipient roles.

18.  Develop Discrepancy
 Express Empathy
 Avoid Argument (Amplify Ambivalence)
 Roll with Resistance
 Support Self-Efficacy

19.  R – Resist the righting reflex
 U – Understand your client’s motivation
 L – Listen to your client
 E – Empower your client

22.  ―We tend to believe what we hear ourselves
say. The more patients verbalize the
disadvantages of change, the more committed
they become to sustaining the status quo.‖
 ―If you are arguing for change and your patient
is resisting and arguing against it, you’re in the
wrong role. You are taking all the good lines.‖
 MI in Health Care p. 8

23.  Personal Competence
 Self-Awareness
 Self-Management
 Delaying gratification
 Social Competence
 Social Awareness
 Relationship management

24.  Client-centered: Understanding the client’s
internal frame of reference and present
concerns.
 Non-judgmental attitude.
 Understanding vs condoning

25.  Why don’t you change?
 How can you tell me that you don’t have a
problem?
 What makes you think that you’re not at risk?
 Why don’t you just…?
 Why can’t you…?

26.  Criticism
 Defensiveness
 Contempt
 Stonewalling

27.  Permission
 Authenticity
 Validation
 Acceptance
 Safety
 Connection
 Trust

28.  Normalize is not approval.
 It is common experience.
 Permission to truly be known and know
themselves
 Vs Compartmentalization and shame

29.  Their behavior may be a seemingly senseless
problem, help them dig deeper to invalidated
parts.
 Based on a human need and
desire…maladaptive ways to get them.
 Trauma, codependency
 ―Every problem was a solution to a previous
problem…‖

32.  From CNN:
Boyfriend: Phobia caused woman's 2-year
bathroom stay
"The case drew nationwide attention after Ness
County Sheriff Bryan Whipple said it appeared
the Ness City woman's skin had grown around
the seat in the two years she apparently was in
the bathroom.
"We pried the toilet seat off with a pry bar and
the seat went with her to the hospital,"
Whipple said. "The hospital removed it."

33.  There is a ―value‖ in staying the same.
 Freedom from the ―cost‖ of change
 Freedom of the risk of failure.
 Safety of low expectations, not taking
responsibility.
 Freedom from the pressure of success
 Giving up secondary gains

35.  Not Grace or Truth, Grace vs Truth
 Grace with Truth
 Scalpel
 Anesthesia
 Rogers: ―The curious paradox is that when I
accept myself just as I am, then I can change.‖

36.  Key strength of MI: You don’t have to be an
expert
 Insight doesn’t guarantee change.
 Information doesn’t guarantee change.
 Diet book, self-help book, formula, plan
 ―If reasons/change talk were enough they
would have made the change already…‖ (MI in
tx of Psych. Problems. P.30)

37.  MI isn’t about finding the missing piece of
information.
 It isn’t necessarily problem-solving or ―figuring
things out‖.
 It isn’t ―Making People Change‖ it’s
―Preparing People Change‖
 By helping them fully be aware of their
choices, competence and challenges and
helping them CHOOSE.

38.  Even if you may not agree with their
choice, they are choosing with their eyes wide
open.
 With this ―informed consent‖ they are being
responsible for their life, they are choosing
their path, choosing their consequences.

39.  Following
 Guiding
 Directing
 Develop flexibility in shifting modes
 ―Good leading is gentle, responsive
and imaginative.‖ MI 2nd ed. P. 22

40.  Asking
 How many times has that happened? (directing)
 What kind of change makes sense to you? (guiding)
 How have you been since your son died? (following)

41.  Your best option is to take these tablets.
(directing)
 Changing your diet would make sense
medically, but how does that feel to you?
(guiding)
 Yes, it’s a common experience; many patients
also feel quite shocked and unsettled about
simple things like going to the toilet.
(following)

42.  So you understand what’s going to happen this
morning, but you want me to tell you more
about what will happen later on. (directing)
 You’re feeling concerned about your
weight, and you are not sure where to go from
here. (guiding)
 This has been a huge shock. (following)

43.  Group A: Low importance, low confidence
 Group B: Low importance, high confidence
 Group C: High importance, low confidence
 Group D: High importance, high confidence

44.  Reluctance
 Rebellion
 Resignation
 Rationalization

45.  14And we urge you, brothers, admonish the
idle, encourage the fainthearted, help the
weak, be patient with them all. See that no one
repays anyone evil for evil, but always seek to
do good to one another and to
everyone. Rejoice always, pray without
ceasing, give thanks in all circumstances; for
this is the will of God in Christ Jesus for you.

47.  http://youtu.be/NugRZGDbPFU
 Steven Johnson
 Where Good Ideas Come From: The Natural
History of Innovation

48.  1) Ordering, directing
 2) Warning, threatening
 3) Giving advice, making
suggestions, providing solutions
 4) Persuading with logic, arguing, lecturing
 5) Moralizing, preaching
 6) Judging, criticizing, blaming

49.  7) Agreeing, approving, praising
 8) Shaming, ridiculing, name-calling
 9) Interpreting, analyzing
 1 0) Reasoning, sympathizing
 1 1 ) Questioning, probing
 12)
Withdrawing, distracting, humoring, changing
the subject

50. Open-ended questions
Affirmations
Reflective listening
Summaries

51.  The Question/Answer Trap
 The Premature Focus Trap
 The Confrontation Trap
 The Blaming Trap
 The Expert Trap
 The Labeling Trap

52.  How?
 When?
 Where?
 What?
 Who?
 Vs Yes/No
 Closed questions: Clarifying questions
 Using Why?

53.  Compliments
 Statements of appreciation and understanding
 Thanks…
 I appreciate…
 You’re clearly a (character quality/value)
person…
 If I were in your position…
 You enjoy…
 I’ve enjoyed talking with you today…

54.  It is a hypothesis of what may be going on.
 ―Do you mean?‖
 It is a statement to understand meaning.
 MI: 2-3 reflections per question asked vs 10
questions: 1 reflections in other counseling
sessions. About half responses are reflections.

55.  Parroting – repeating, using same words
 Simple – basic paraphrase, acknowledge
feeling, perception or disagreement, small shift
in emphasis
 Amplified – amplified or exaggerated form
 Double-sided – one way to develop
discrepancy
 Complex –
summary, interpretation, metaphor/simile, con
tinuing the paragraph

56.  I just don’t like the way she comments on how
I raise my children.

57.  Shifting Focus
Shift the person’s attention away from what
seems to be a stumbling block in the way of
progress.
 Go around barriers rather than climbing over
them
 Reframing
 Agreeing with a twist
 Emphasizing personal choice and control
 Coming alongside

58.  Sometimes…
 A part of you…
 When you tried that in the past…
 I’m guessing, you might…(tentative)…
 Some people…when modeling or giving advice
vs self-disclosure.

59.  "You feel stuck." sometimes brings the session
to an awkward pause or even a grinding halt.
Therapist: "So, you feel stuck."
Client: "Yep."
[BONK!]
[Crickets]
Another variation is reflecting "You feel
helpless." or "You feel hopeless." or "You feel
trapped."

60.  Collecting Bouquets
 Untangle the threads
 Linking
 Transitional

62.  ―As I hear myself talk, I learn what I believe.‖
 Decisional Balance
 The person experiences competing motivations
because there are benefits and costs associated
with both sides of the conflict. There are two
kinds of weights on each side of a the balance:
one has to do with the perceived benefits of a
particular course of action; the other has to do
with the perceived costs or disadvantages of
the course of action (such as taking medication
to lower blood pressure).

64. Continue to drink as before Abstain from alcohol
Benefits
Helps me relax
Enjoy drinking with
friends
Costs
Could lose my family
Bad example for my
children
Damaging my health
Spending too much
money
Impairing my mental
ability
Might lose my job
Losing my time/life
Benefits
Less family conflict
More time for my
children
Feel better physically
Helps with money
problems
Costs
I enjoy getting high
What to do about my
friends
How to deal with
stress

65.  Why, besides being an invitation for a fight, is
victim language, past focused, it distracts from
moving forward and facing change. On one
hand, the past is one the best predictors of
future behaviors; on the other, we're told
Insight doesn't necessarily lead to change.
 Search for meaning
 ―Why do I?‖ ―I know/believe…why do I still?‖

66.  "What was/is going on?"
"What is happening/happens? when
you..."
"How is pattern continuing? What fuels
it?"
"What did you do? What didn't you do?"
"Where did this happen?"
"When did you start believing that [core
belief or cognitive distortion]?"

67.  "Where did you start doing that
[behavior]?"
"Who taught you that
[behavior/coping]? Who modeled that in
your life?"
"How did you get here? To this place?"
"What if?"
"What did they do/say?"
 "How did you respond?" (vs. "They made
me...[feeling or behavior]")

68.  "What did that look like? What did you feel?
What did you experience?"
"When that happened - What did that mean to
you? What did you start telling yourself?
About God, others, family, yourself?"
"What was your role?―

"What would you do if you knew "Why?‖
How would knowing why? help you."

69.  How does this affect you?
What are you experiencing?
What will you do with this?
What do you want/need?
Who will you share this with?

70.  What are you feeling?
How can you reframe this?
What is the alternative?
What/How can you
change/control?
What are the obstacles?

71.  Awareness of consequences is important
 A discrepancy between present behavior and
important goals will motivate change
 The client should present the arguments for
change.
 A ―holy discontent‖
 ―Food for thought‖ vs judgment/criticism
 ―Columbo‖ technique. ―Help me understand.‖

72.  Minimization: where it all begins
 Rationalization: the plot thickens
 Denial: a preferred way to live
 Re-labeling: telling it like it isn’t
 Justification: I couldn’t help it
 Entitlement: you deserve a break today

73.  http://changingminds.org/explanations/behaviors/c
oping/coping.htm
 Adaptive mechanisms: That offer positive help.
 Attack mechanisms: That push discomfort onto others.
 Avoidance mechanisms: That avoid the issue.
 Behavioral mechanisms: That change what we do.
 Cognitive mechanisms: That change what we think.
 Conversion mechanisms: That change one thing into
another.
 Defense mechanisms: Freud's original set.
 Self-harm mechanisms: That hurt our selves.

74.  Values and priorities
 Values are positive.
 Preferred experiences (for example a valued
career/job)
 Behavioral ideals
 Values Card sort at
www.motivationalinterviewing.org

75.  Self-oriented behaviors that neglect loved ones
 Short-sighted behaviors that reap short-term
rewards while ignoring long-term costs
 Inefficient behaviors that fulfill certain needs at
the expense of others

76.  Alignment?
 How does (behavior) fit with the importance of
(value)?
 How does (behavior) fit with your desire to
do/be (value)?

77.  Specific examples
 Clarification: in what ways? How much? How
often?
 Description of the last time?
 What else?

78.  Your client can’t ―lose‖ their way to change.
 Don’t use your clients words against them.
 Or at least if you do, don’t do a happy dance.
 Don’t back them into a corner, force them to
swallow their words down.
 Yeah, yeah, yeah, you’re right. I said that but
you’re a bastard for pointing it out!
 ―A man convinced against his will is of the same
opinion still.‖
 Dissonance and incongruence vs shame or feeling
tricked

79.  Avoiding arguing for change
 Resistance is not directly opposed
 New Perspectives are invited but not imposed
 The client is a primary resource in finding
answers and solutions
 Resistance is a signal to respond differently, to
change strategies

80.  http://youtu.be/wsBon3DTwIY

81. 1. Arguing – The client contests the
accuracy, expertise, or integrity of the counselor.
2. Interrupting – The client breaks in and
interrupts the counselor in defensive manner.
3. Negating – The client expresses an
unwillingness to recognize
problem, cooperate, accept responsibility or take
advice.
4. Ignoring – The client shows evidence of
ignoring or not following the counselor.

82.  Challenging- challenges the accuracy of
what is said
 Discounting – counselor’s personal
authority
 Hostility – Client expresses direct
hostility

83.  Blaming
 Disagreeing
 Excusing
 Claiming Impunity (not in danger)
 Minimizing
 Pessimism
 Reluctance
 Unwilling to change

84.  Inattention
 Non-answer
 No response
 Sidetracking
 Other passive
 Over-compliance
 Cancellations, no-shows

85.  Spoken
 Unspoken
 The power of AND

86. http://youtu.be/h5aSa4tmVNM

87.  Rich Young Ruler – Luke 18
 Paralytic at Bethesda – John 5

88.  Not just logically weigh pros and cons, Change
Balance Sheet.
 Doesn’t fully account for, or address sin.
 How does our new nature interact with our
flesh, this body of sin?
 How does the reality of the Holy Spirit interact
with us being sinful?
 How does the gospel apply?
 Trying on new clothes. Feels very
uncomfortable, intolerable.

89.  http://youtu.be/rdWEgu7c3i0
 I wish I had what I need
To be on my own
'Cause I feel so defeated
And I'm feeling alone
And it all seems so helpless
And I have no plans
I'm a plane in the sunset
With nowhere to land
And all I see
It could never make me happy
 And all my sand castles
Spend their time collapsing

90.  Let me know that You hear me
Let me know Your touch
Let me know that You love me
Let that be enough
It's my birthday tomorrow
No one here could now
I was born this Thursday
22 years ago
And I feel stuck
Watching history repeating
Yeah, who am I?
Just a kid who knows he's needy

94.  Trust me, ―It’s good for you‖ isn’t good enough.
 If they feel disrespected or
worse, traumatized/abused.
 More importantly, we’ve stolen growth/process
from them, we’ve stolen their opportunity to
overcome their fear and to make their own free
choice.
 It may be good for them but it risks
mistrust, anger, resentment.
 Innoculate them to other risks/changes.
 Find ways to make change fun, not traumatic.

95. Judge or Attorney
 In client’s life who is the judge? Who has the
final authority?
 Who is hardest critic?
 You don’t want to be put in the position of
being the judge.
 You advocate for your client.
 Eventually advocate for themselves. Ultimately
they stand and give an account for themselves.

96.  Directive
 Belief in the possibility of change: client’s and
counselors. Self-Fulfilling prophecy.
 Direct your client to direct themselves
 Direct your client to ―grow up‖ – not in a
pejorative sense, they are
adult, responsible, heroic, significant, God’s
workmanship.
 This where you ―don’t work harder than your
client‖

97.  You don’t care more, you don’t have all the
insights/interpretations of meaning, aha
moments.
 You are winning when your client is
winning, when they come up with the cool
meaning and understanding about themselves.
When they seem themselves for what they are.

98.  Shifting from an external locus of
control, where they are constantly seeking
approval or answers outside of themselves to
an internal locus of control. (Of course God is
sovereign and involved. They do business
directly with God. They don’t need an
intermediary to discern God’s will for them.)
 Bear their weight, carry their own load.
 Interdependence.
 Ask for what they want/need.
 Find what they want and need. Or ask for help.

99.  Humble courage.
 Authentically know their limits vs pretense and
defensiveness.
 Not driven to do too much, free to do much.
 Passion vs pressure
 Normalize it takes practice.

100.  Trainer and Spotter
 Model, teach, coach, come alongside, spot.
 Start here by casting vision for self-efficacy.
 Empower client.
 Affirmations
 You can do it.
 You have done it.
 You might do it.
 People have done it. (normalize)
 How did you do it? (talk about successful changes
in the past)

101.  1. Don't listen to anybody
2. Listen to everybody
3. Endlessly analyze and don't make changes.
On the other hand, perhaps: "Don't just do
something, stand there."
4. Blame others for your actions or problems.
"We have only one person to blame and that's
each other."
5. Blame yourself and put yourself down
regularly

102.  6. Keep doing the same things that don't work
7. Keep focusing on the same things when that
focus doesn't help
8. Keep thinking the same thoughts when those
thoughts don't help
9. Keep putting yourself in the same unhelpful
environment
10. Keep relating to the same unhelpful people
11. Put more importance on being right than
changing

103.  Recognize and elicit
 Desire: I want, I’d like to, I wish I could, I can’t
wait…
 Ability: I could, I can, I might be able to
 Reason: I would probably feel better if I…, It
would be good if I…
 Need: I ought, I have to, I really should…

104.  Recognizing the disadvantages of the status
quo
 Recognizing the advantages of change
 Expressing optimism about change
 Expressing intention to change
 ―What is your client’s change language‖

105.  Desire: "What do you want to do about this
behavior?"
 Ability: "What makes you believe you can do
this?"
 Reason/Need: "Why would you want to make
this change?"
 Commitment: "So what are you willing to do
now?"

106.  Desire: Why would you want to make this
change?
 Ability: How would you do it if you decided?
 Reason: What are the three best reasons?
 Need: How important is it? and why?
 Commitment: What do you think you’ll do?

107.  ―What do you think you will do?‖
 ―What does this mean about your (habit)?’
 ―What do you think has to change?‖
 ―What are your options?’
 ―What’s the next step for you?‖
 ―What would be some of the good things about
making a change?‖
 ―Where does this leave you?‖

108.  A negotiable, workable plan

109.  Underestimating Ambivalence
 Over-prescription
 Insufficient Direction

110.  Summary of client’s perception, change
talk, importance talk
 Summary of ambivalence, positives of status
quo
 Objective evidence, if any
 Restatement of DARN-C, confidence talk
 Your own assessment of client’s situation

111.  Positive and Negatives from the
Past
 Positive and Negatives in the
Present
 Positive and Negatives in the
Future

112.  IQ-LEDGE-C
 Importance/Confidence Ruler
 Querying Extremes
 Looking Back / Looking Forward
 Evocative Questions
 Decisional Balance
 Goals and Values
 Elaborating
 Coming Alongside

114.  ―If on a scale of 1 to 10, 1 is not at all important to give up
smoking and 10 is extremely important to give up, what
number would you give yourself at the moment?‖
 ―If you were to decide to give up smoking now, how
confident are you that you would succeed? On a scale of 1 to
10, 1 means that you are not at all confident and 10 means you
are 100% confident you could give up and remain a non-
smoker.‖
 ―Why are you at (chosen number) and not at 1?‖
 ―What would need to happen for you to go from (chosen
number) to (a higher number)?‖
 ―How can I help you go from (chosen number) to (a higher
number)?‖

115.  What is the worst case scenario?
 What is the best case scenario?

116.  With problem
 Without problem

117.  Hypothetical
 How? Or What? Would you do…if…
 Desire: "What do you want to do about I this
behavior?"
 Ability: "What makes you believe you can do
this?"
 Reason/Need: "Why would you want to make this
change?"
 Commitment: "So what are you willing to do
now?"

121.  Paradoxical, ―therapeutic paradox‖ ―reverse
psychology‖
 Permission to not change
 Postpone change
 ―Not ready‖
 ―Not the right time‖
 ―In the meantime…‖
 Actually ―firing‖ your client or suggesting
referral to another counselor, other solutions.

122.  Reinforce and consolidate change talk
 Elaborating: In what way… ?; Tell me more…;
What else?
 Affirming: That took a lot of courage; You’re a
person who can make changes when you need
to…
 Reflecting: That’s really important to you …; You
realize it’s become a problem…
 Summarizing: There are a number of things I’m
hearing about your situation . First, you’re
concerned about….. Also, you feel…, and you are
thinking…

123.  I should
 I might
 I could
 I will

124.  Setting Goals
 Considering Change options
 Arriving at a plan
 Eliciting commitment

125.  Have you come to conclusion?
 Are you ready?
 How close?
 Anything else to consider?

126.  Method – What?
 Preferred strategy – How?
 Timing – When?

127.  Scientist Stuart Kauffman quoted by Steven
Johnson
 The phrase captures both the limits and the
creative potential of change and innovation.
 What is possible?
 What is probable?
 What are the small, next steps?
 Being faithful with a little first

128.  Building emotional, mental, relational muscles
that they haven’t built yet.
 What would that look like?
 What might happen?
 There is hope in the range of alternative
approaches available.
 There is no one ―right way‖ to change – menu
of changes

130.  Specific
 Measurable
 Attainable
 Relevant
 Time-bound

131.  "The goal of treatment is to RISE above your
problems rather than be controlled and
dominated by them." Stephen Arterburn
Healing is A Choice

132.  Reduce the stress in your life by learning some
new management skills
 Reduce conflicts that cause inner turmoil and
difficulties in your relationships.
 Reduce the negative patterns that have set in over
your lifetime.
 Reduce the substances you use to help cope with
the pain in your life.

133.  Increase your self-awareness and how you
affect people who interact with you.
 Increase your awareness of your feelings.
 Increase your understanding of yourself and
why you do the things you do.

134.  Increase your connection with others.
 Increase your assertiveness in a way that draws
people to you rather than repels them.
 Increase the healthy influences in your life.
 Increase your time alone with God in the Bible
and in prayer.

135.  Substitute positive emotions for negative ones.

 Substitute the willingness to risk for fear.

 Substitute humility for arrogance.

136.  Substitute acceptance for anger.

 Substitute peace for anxiety.

 Substitute surrender for control.

137.  Eliminate addictive behaviors
 Eliminate a critical and judgemental spirit.
 Eliminate certain repetitive sins in your life.

138.  Sometimes change talk can sound like
ambivalence or resistance.
 Client may be articulating what they will be
giving up.
 Even dysfunctional
relationships, beliefs, behaviors can be hard to
let go of.
 For some weight can be a defense, being more
attractive can be risky, it opens up opportunity
for relationship which in term means more risk
at being known and being hurt.

139.  http://www.motivationalinterview.org/
 http://www.motivationalinterview.org/quick
_links/manuals.html
 Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People
for Change, 2nd Edition Miller, William
R., Rollnick, Stephen (2002)
 Building Motivational Interviewing Skills: a
practioner workbook Rosengren, David B.
(2009)

140.  Motivational Interviewing in Health Care:
Helping Patients Change Behavior Rollnick, S.,
Miller, WR & Butler, CC (2008)
 Motivational Interviewing in the Treatment of
Psychological Problems Arkowitz, H., Westra,
HA, Miller, WR., Rollnick, S editors
 Emotional Intelligence 2.0 Bradberry, T.,
Greaves, J (2009)
 Emotional Intelligence Quick Book Bradberry,
T., Greaves, J (2003)

141.  Change 101: A Practical Guide to Creating
Change in Life or Therapy O’Hanlon, B. (2006)
 www.newlife.com
 www.cloudtownsend.com