The document discusses the importance of localism and how policy is supporting more power and autonomy at the local level. It outlines different frameworks for understanding local economies, including the public sector, commercial sector, and social/community sector. Case studies are provided of different cities and how the relationship between these local economic spheres varies in each place. The concept of resilience is also introduced, and how localities can vary in their ability to withstand disturbances based on the relationships between the public, private, and social economies.

4. Resilience

5. Conceptual framework Public economy This refers to the value of public expenditure in an area and the way in which public expenditure impacts directly on the economy, e.g. procurement decisions on housing and health. Most direct way in which local authorities and partners impact on local economic development! Social economy This refers to the contribution that wider community activities make to the local economy through social enterprise, community infrastructure support and local community assets, e.g. community centres, halls etc. Commercial economy This refers to the contribution that “private” industry makes to the economy including traditional economic information about investment, local business support, business start up activity and it also considers the labour market, including causes of worklessness.

6. PORTLAND

8. GDANSK

10. CULIACAN

12. COIMBATORE

14. TIME Disturbance or change Thriving Resilient Survived but weakened Damaged Timelines following a shock or disturbance

16. CLES research and work on place resilience

17. TIME Response Recovery Learning Locality with low place resilience Readiness Disturbance or change

18. TIME Locality with medium place resilience Disturbance or change Readiness Response Recovery Learning

19. TIME Locality with high place resilience Readiness Response Recovery Learning Disturbance or change