Intro to Joomla Development

Joomla
Development
I t ’ s E a s i e r T h a n Y o u
T h i n k

SourceCoast Extensions sourcecoast.com Intro To Joomla Development
Saturday, August 6, 11 1

SourceCoast
A l e x A n d r e a e
O w n e r / D e v e l o p e r

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Overview

Module Structure

API Overview

Component Structure


Joomla - MVC
MVC(t) – Model View Controller (template)

Controller – Sets up environment for the display

Model – Data interface

Generally to the database, but can 'create'
data if necessary

View – Uses the model to get data to display

Template – Override-able display output

Modules
Linear code execution

VC(t) (no real model necessary)

Uses a 'helper.php' ﬁle for additional function calls

Can be model-like, but modules don’t have DB tables

Files:

mod_<modulename>.php and .xml

helpers/helper.php

tmpl/default.php

Modules - Basics
mod_demo.xml

mod_demo.php

default.php


Module Helper Files
mod_demo.php

helper.php

* Separate out Classes/Functions

default.php


Modules/Component
mod_demo.php Interaction

* Load Component’s model
* Re-Use Code!

helper.php

default.php


Joomla API
Overview


Joomla API
http://api.joomla.com

Recently updated to Joomla 1.7 API - YAY!

Left side, select “Joomla-Platform” package

Bookmark, cuddle up to, and learn to love this page

“Classes” describes

JFactory – Most widely used

JRoute – Get URL for speciﬁc component/view/task

“Application” describes

Every other Joomla function (many inherited into JFactory)


JObject
All Joomla classes derived from (You should too)

Easy getter/setter methods

$obj->set(‘var’, ‘value’); // Set a variable

$obj->get(‘var’, ‘default’); // Get a value

$obj->def(‘var’, ‘default’); // Set a default

$obj->toString(); // Great for debugging (no
print_r($obj) required!

JUser Object
$user = JFactory::getUser(); // logged in user

$user = JUser::getInstance($id);

$id = UID or username

Once fetched, use

if ($user->guest)

$user->get('username'); // id, fullname,
lastvisitDate, etc

It’s derived from JObject!

JFactory - Database
$dbo =& JFactory::getDBO() // Get the database handle

Functions described in JDatabase & JDatabaseMySQL(i)

$query = $dbo->getQuery(true); // New Query
$query->select(“id, username, email”);
$query->from(“#__users”);
$query->where(“username=”.$dbo->quote($username); // No
shenanigans!
$dbo->setQuery($query);

$dbo->setQuery(“SELECT id,username,email FROM #__users
WHERE username = “.$dbo->quote($username)); // Not as ﬂexible

$user = $dbo->loadObject(); // objectList, array, arrayList, result, etc

Can use InsertObject function (or raw SQL) to add rows to database


URL Routing
JRoute

JRoute::_('index.php?
option=com_content&view=article&id=12');

Will determine correct SEF URL, if SEF is enabled

Also, SEF components (sh404, Artio, etc) override this call, so
it works for them too!

JURI

$uri = JFactory::getURI(); // Get current query string

$uri->setVar('view', 'blah'); // Add/change value

JRoute::_('index.php?'.$uri->getQuery()); // Create new route


JApplication
Handle to the Application class

$app =& JFactory::getApplication();

$app->enqueueMessage('blah', 'error');

$app->redirect($url); // Use JRoute!

$app->isAdmin()

$app->isSite()

Formerly global $mainframe. Globals are bad..

JText
Text translation from language files

JText::_('COM_JFBCONNECT_LOGIN_MESSAGE’);

Searches loaded language files in last loaded order

Searches for first, exact, upper case version

If found, use translation; If not, use text directly

To include more language files:

$lang = JFactory::getLanguage(); // Get language object

$lang->load('com_jfbconnect'); // Add your file

JRequest
JRequest::getVar('name', 'default', 'POST');

Can be risky depending on use. Preferred to
use the below 'sanitized' methods

JRequest::getInt('name', 4); // Integers only,
default 4

JRequest::getCmd('task'); // strip ./

JRequest::getString('name'); // No nasty
HTML

JFilterInput
Clean data before using in code

Used to prevent SQL, XSS, and other
shenanigans or exploits

$ﬁlter =& JFilterInput::getInstance();

$ﬁlter->clean($var, ‘string’); //int, etc

Similar to (and used by) JRequest, but can be
used on any data, not just environment
variables

Jsession
Store information volatile information for user

Form information on validation failure

Information before a redirection (to login, etc)

$session = JSession::getInstance();

$session->set('city', $cityInput); // Set now

$city = $session->get('city', ''); // Get later

$session->clear('city');

Component
Structure


Component
Structure
True MVC(t) structure

<component_name>.php – entry-point. Determines
controller and calls task on it

controller.php – Sets up the model(s) and other data
structures to be used

/models/<model>.php – Data interface

/viewname/view.html.php – Uses the models to fetch
and setup the data for the template

/viewname/tmpl/default.php (or any other template ﬁle)

Component Entry Point

* /components/com_blah/blah.php
* Purpose: setup your component - deﬁnes, includes, etc
* Initialize the right controller for the page
* Start executing whatever is requested
* (This) code expects query string “task” param to be set
* If execute called with no param, “display” will be default

Component
Controllers
Fetch model(s) for data manipulation/checks
* $model = $this->getModel('mymodel')
* Verify something from the model to proceed or cause a
redirect
* Ex. Load article, check if published, if not, redirect
Instantiate the View
* $view = $this->getView(‘viewName’, ‘html’);
* Hand any data (model) to it for use
* $view->setModel($model);
* $view->assignRef(‘var’, $data); // var for the template
* Tell the View to do it’s thing
* $view->setLayout(‘templateName’);
* $view->display();

Controller
(Fake) Content Example

Get article
Check if published
Load the view and prepare the template
By default, view of same name as controller will be called
Otherwise, use $view code from previous slide

Component Model
The model is your database interface

Extends JModel

Has SQL queries for read or write

Model allows you to retrieve and manipulate
data simulating higher level database functions

Table class available for row-based read/writes

$this->_db is pre-set as database object

Component View

Fetch the data needed from Model

Set data for template ﬁle

$this->assignRef('varName', $var);

Call the template to load


Component Template
Little/no code other than echo's

Should use only variables set from View

<?php echo $this->varName ?>

If followed, template overrides become simple

If not, life becomes a nightmare for your
clients


Plugins
JDocument
JLog
JForm
Oh My!

Intro to Joomla Development

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