1. Adverbial Clauses

2. An adverbial clause is a clause that
functions as an adverb. In other words,
it contains subject (explicit or implied)
and predicate, and it modifies a verb.

3. It tells you …
How? (under what condition?)
Why?
When?
… Something happens in a sentence.

4. Adverb Clauses
express:

5. TYPE QUESTION EXAMPLE
ANSWERED
Place Where? Where there are
computers, there is
Microsoft software.
Time When? After the fruit is
harvest, it is sold at the
marker.
Cause Why? (what caused I didn’t call her
this?) because I am shy.
Purpose What was the She took a computer
reason for doing course so that she
this? could not get a better
job.
Concession Why is this Although Jay has a
unexpected? master degree, he
works as a store clerk.
Condition Under what If you save your
conditions? money, you will be able
to go to college.

6. He went to the store because he
needed some eggs.
She makes diner after she gets home.
After she gets home , she makes diner.
John goes to the bank if he needs
money.
If he needs money, John goes to the bank

9. Subordination Conjunctions
An adverb clause is always introduced
by a subordinating conjunction:

10. Kind of clause Common Function Example
conjunction
TIME After, before, are used to say when Her father died
when, while something happens when she was
young.
As, as soon as, by referring to a
since, until period of time or to
another event.
By the time,
once, as/so
long as,
whenever
Every time, the
first time, the
last time, the
next time
CAUSE & Because › indicate the reason. I couldn't feel anger
EFFECT now that › Means ‘because against him
now’ (present/future). because I liked him
too much.
Used to mean
Since › ‘because’

11. Kind of clause Common Function Example
conjunction
CONTRAST Even though › Unexpected results. Even though I
although, wasn't tired, I went
though to bed.
DIRECT While, are used to show Mary is riche, while
CONTRAST whereas (formal direct contracts, with John is poor
written English) no difference of
meaning.
CONDITION If (prest.tense) are used to talk If it rains tomorrow, I
unless, only if, about a possible will take my
Even if situation and its umbrella.
consequences.
Whether or not› ›express the idea I’m going to
that neither this swimming tomorrow
condition nor that whether or not it’s
condition matters. cold.
In case, Express the idea In the even that
in the event that something you (should) need
that› probably won’t to reach me, I’ll be at
happen. my house.