Speedy construction presentation

Speedy Construction
Session 2020-21
PRESENTED BY:-
DEEPAK VERMA
SOMITRA BHARDWAJ
B.ARCH 5TH YEAR
PRESENTED TO:-
AR. SHAINA KOCHAR
Khandelwal College of Architecture & Design, Bareilly

Speedy Construction
 In general concrete construction, we have seen that whatever the elements cast (beams, columns, slabs etc.)
Require time for setting. This is a long drawn process necessary for hardening of concrete. However, nowadays in
large scale projects, newer methods of faster construction are being explored. Fast and efficient construction of
the concrete core of a building is essential to maintain phased progress on other parts of the building. Formwork
is one of the most important factors in determining the success of a construction project in terms of speed, quality
cost and safety of work as it accounts about 40% of the total project cost of the structure. To minimize the costs
the contractor needs to complete the project as soon as possible and the client wants the building to use the
building as early as possible for the intended purpose. In building construction the most efficient way to
speed up the work is by achieving a very short floor cycle. That directly depends on the selected form work
type for the construction.
Types Of Floor Construction
•Cast in situ
•Precast and composite construction

Cast-in-situ
 The cast-in-situ concrete is standard concrete which is poured into
the specific formwork on the site and cured to get the strength of
RCC elements. In-situ is most commonly a mixture of aggregate
(known as builder's mix) blended with Portland cement and clean
water, that is free of oils, acid and others.
 In situ techniques are often more labor-intensive, and take longer, but
the materials are cheaper, and the work is versatile and adaptable.
 Column, slab etc. elements are cast on site and hence it is difficult to
control mix, placement and curing in cast-in-situ concrete.
 More labours are required.
 In situ concrete construction is slow as gaining of strength requires
time.
 Weather condition can delay the casting work.
 In situ concrete is a cheaper form of construction for small structures.
 Less maintenance cost.
 More resistant to earthquake and wind forces.

Precast Construction
Precast concrete is an alternative to cast-in-situ concrete. While cast-in-situ concrete is cast in its actual location,
precast concrete is cast at another location, either at the building site or in a factory, and is then lifted to its final
resting place and fixed securely. This means that unlike cast-in-situ construction, which is monolithic or
continuous, precast concrete buildings are made of separate pieces that are bolted or connected together.
Advantages of precast construction
 The construction is done on the ground rather than at a height
 It can be done inside a climate-controlled structure, eliminating problems of rain, dust, cold, or heat
 Specialized formwork (moulds) can be built for doing many repetitions of the same component
 Specialized equipment can be used to make, move, and pour the liquid concrete
 Curing of the concrete can be done in a controlled environment
Disadvantages of precast construction
 Since each piece is made separately, the structural frame or system is not monolithic or continuous like
regular concrete construction. The joints between pieces create structural discontinuity. The forces of
the building will pass through these joints, so they have to be designed to transfer these forces safely and
properly.
 Again, as the building is made of discrete components, the joints between adjacent members have to be
sealed with special sealants to make them waterproof
 Each precast component is usually large and heavy. This means that cranes are required to lift them in
position; these cranes are required to operate over the entire building volume. Since there will only be a few
cranes at site, the time taken by the cranes to pick up a piece and shift it to its final position becomes
critical in determining the building schedule.

Composite Construction
 Composite construction refers to two load-carrying structural
members that are integrally connected and deflect as a single
unit.
 Composite construction provides a method of using two materials
together so as to utilize each material to its best advantage.
 Construction, as defined herein, is the use of a cast-in-place
concrete slab placed upon and interconnected to a prefabricated
beam, so that the combined beam and slab will act together as a
unit. The prefabricated beam may be a rolled or built-up steel
shape, a precast reinforced concrete beam, a prestressed concrete
beam, a timber beam, or even light-gauge steel decking. The
interconnection to obtain the single unit action is by combinations
of mechanical shear connectors, friction, and shear keys.
 The most important and most frequently encountered combination
of construction materials is that of steel and concrete, with
applications in multi-storey commercial buildings and
factories, as well as in bridges.
 This has become a standard type of construction in high rise
buildings selected by many architects, engineers and developers.

Advantages of Composite construction
 The concrete acts together with the steel to create a stiffer, lighter, less expensive structure.
 Speed and simplicity of construction- faster to erect, nearly 25% faster then traditional
construction.
 Lighter construction than a traditional concrete building.
 Less material handling at site.
 Has better ductility and hence superior lateral load behavior; better earthquake resister.
 Ability to cover large column free area in buildings and longer span for bridges/flyovers.
Disadvantages of Composite construction
 Provide misleading messages about quality if poorly constructed or misinterpreted.
 Lead to simplistic policy conclusions.
 Can be misused, if the construction process is not transparent and lacks sound statistical or
conceptual principles.
 Selection of metrics and weights can be challenged by other stakeholders.

One Way Slab
The one-way slab is a slab, which is supported by parallel walls or beams, and whose length to breadth ratio is equal to or
greater than two and it bends in only one direction (spanning direction) while it is transferring the loads to the two
supporting walls or beams, because of its geometry. Simply stating it spans and bends in only one direction.
Behavior of One-way Slab
•The direction (shorter side of
slab) in which load is transferred
is known as span. A one-way slab
is designed for the spanning
direction alone as it bends in only
one direction.
The main tension reinforcing bars
therefore run parallel (spaced
uniformly) to the shorter span and
are usually placed at the bottom of
slab.
•In the transverse direction (a longer direction), a minimum amount of reinforcement is provided to take care of the
temperature and shrinkage effects in that direction. This steel reinforcement is called the distribution steel or secondary
reinforcement.

One-way Slabs and Two-way Slabs

One Way Solid Slabs
In one-way solid slab (with beams) system, the slab is
supported on beams. Depending on beam and column
arrangements, this system can be designed for wide
ranges of the load conditions.
One-way in-situ solid slabs are the most basic form of
slab. Deflection usually governs the design, and steel
content is usually increased to reduce service stress and
increase span capacity. Generally employed for utilitarian
purposes in offices, retail developments, warehouses,
stores and similar buildings. Can be economical for spans
from 4 to 6 m.
Advantages:
Medium to long spans.
Lightweight.
Holes in topping easily accommodated.
Large holes can be accommodated.
Profile may be expressed architecturally
Disadvantages:
Higher formwork costs than for other slab systems.
Slightly greater floor thicknesses.
Slower floor to floor cycle.

One Way Solid Slabs with Wide Beams
Used in car parks, schools, shopping
centre's, offices and similar buildings
where spans in one direction
predominate and live loads are
relatively light.
Slabs effectively span between
edges of the relatively wide and
shallow band beams.
Overall depths are typically
governed by deflection and the
need to suit formwork, and so the
beam down-stands are ideally
restricted to 150 mm.
Providing medium-range spans, these slabs are fast and simple to construct and can accommodate
Large and small holes. They also facilitate the distribution of horizontal services, but the associated
Down-stand beams may result in greater storey height, and can deter fast formwork cycles.
Advantages/disadvantages

One-way Ribbed Slab (with Beams)
Introducing voids to the soffit of a
slab reduces dead-weight and
increases. The efficiency of the
concrete section. The profile may be
expressed architecturally and/or used
for passive cooling. Can be economic
in the range 8 to 12 m. Ribs should
be at least 150 mm wide to suit
reinforcement detailing.
These lightweight slabs provide medium to long spans. Compared with solid slabs, a slightly deeper section is
required, but the stiffer floors facilitate longer spans and the provision of holes. The saving in materials tends
to be offset by some complication in formwork (commonly expanded polystyrene moulds on flat
formwork/false-work) and reinforcement operations, which make voided slabs slower to construct.

Ribbed Slabs with Wide Beams
Used in car parks and offices where
spans in one direction predominate and
imposed loads are relatively light. The
band beam has a relatively wide, shallow
cross-section that reduces the overall
depth of the floor while permitting longer
spans. Overall depths are typically
governed by deflection.
These lightweight floors provide medium to long spans that can accommodate large holes (provided the
beams are avoided). The need for more complex formwork makes them slower to construct, and the floor
depth is greater than the solid slab band beam option.

Troughed slabs or One-way Ribbed Slab (with Integral Beams)
 Troughed slabs are popular in spans
up to 12 m as they combine the
advantages of ribbed slabs with those
of level soffits. The profile may be
expressed architecturally, and/or used
for passive cooling. Economic depths
depend on the widths of beams used.
 Deflection is usually critical to the
design of the beams, which,
therefore, tend to be wide and heavily
reinforced.
These lightweight floors provide longer spans than one-way solid or flat slabs. They create level
soffits and the provision of holes causes little or no problem in the ribbed area, but formwork
costs are higher and time required is longer than for plain soffits.

Two Way Slab
Two-way slabs are slabs that are supported on four sides. In two-way slabs, the load will be carried in both directions,
thus main reinforcement is provided in both directions for two-way slabs. The slabs are considered as spanning two-
way when the longer to shorter span length is less than a ratio of two. The bending of these slabs takes the shape of a
dish-like form when loaded uniformly.
Types of two-way slab:-
•Solid slabs
•Waffle slabs designed as Two-Way slabs
•Waffle slabs designed as Two-Way slabs with
integral beams and level soffits
•Flat slabs
•Flat slabs with drops
•Flat slabs with column heads
•Waffle slabs designed as flat slabs

Solid Slabs
 Solid Slabs are fully customizable concrete slabs of varying width, length and thickness. Solid Slabs can be
designed and produced with mild reinforcing or by adding prestressing strands. They can be used in a variety
of applications such as bridges, piers, building floors, roof systems, detention vault lids and boat
launches. Solid Slabs can be cast with specialty inserts for lifting, mounting or connecting hardware. They can
be produced with smooth, broom or raked finishes.
 Solid slabs are prestressed concrete elements
that have a constant cross section. They are
manufactured using high tensile strength
prestressed strands or single wire which are
embedded within the element.
 Solid slabs are used as floor elements in
residential, social and commercial construction
which require a slab with a high level of
loading, high fire resistance and good acoustic
and thermal insulation.
 To ensure adequate fire resistance the slab can
be manufactured with a different configuration
of the lower part to give a greater concrete
covering of the steel mesh.

SOLID SLABS
SLIPFORMER FOR SOLID SLABS
SOLID SLABS
SOLID SLABS AS WALL ELEMENTS
WITH MALE/FEMALE SIDE

Waffle Slabs Designed as Two-way Slabs
 A waffle slab is a type of building material that has two-directional
reinforcement on the outside of the material, giving it the shape of the
pockets on a waffle.
 This type of reinforcement is common on concrete, wood and metal
construction. A waffle slab gives a substance significantly more
structural stability without using a lot of additional material.
 This makes a waffle slab perfect for large flat areas like foundations or
floors.
 The top of a waffle slab is generally smooth, like a traditional
building surface, but the underside has a shape reminiscent of a
waffle.
 Straight lines run the entire width and length of the slab, generally
raised several inches from the surface.
 These ridges form the namesake square pockets of the entire
length and width of the slab
Appearance :

 Production :
 Waffle slabs can be casted by placing he pods on he formwork
itself or they can be available pre-casted.
 Concrete waffle slabs can be purchased and shipped to the
construction site as prefabricated or precast sections, or they can be
poured on-site.
 If prefabricated products are not in the budget, consider
purchasing casts for the concrete waffle slabs.
 The pre-casted pods are then placed directly on the site and then
provided with reinforcement and filled with concrete.
 Design :
 There are three basic designs for concrete slabs that improve the
strength-to- weight ratio. For each design, the top surface is flat
while the underside is modulated with either a corrugated, ribbed
or waffle design.
 Corrugated slabs are created when concrete is poured into a
wavy metal form. This shape prevents the slab from sagging.
 Ribbed slabs add strength in one direction, while the concrete
waffle slab design adds strength in perpendicular directions.
Concrete slabs can be reinforced with rebar for additional
strength.
Design and Production of the Waffle Slab

Services Provided in Waffle Slab
Due to the holes in the waffle system following services can be
provided:
 Air-conditioning
 Plumbing
 Lighting
 Insulation Materials
 Wiring,etc.

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS
REINFORCEMENT DETAIL AT
JUNCTION OF WALL AND WAFFLE
SLAB.
SOLID SLABS
REINFORCEMENT DETAIL AT
JUNCTION OF BEAM AND WAFFLE
SLAB.

CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
1.
Arranging the
Framework
2.
Fixing the
Connectors
3.
Fixing the
Framework
4.
Providing a horizontal
connector
5.
Placing the
Pods
6.
Fixing pods to
the connectors
7.
Removing
framework
8.
Removing
connectors
9.
Removing
pods
10.
Providing
stacking

Advantages and Disadvantages
 Advantages :
 Waffle slabs are able to carry heavier loads and
span longer distances than flat slabs as these
systems are light in weight.
 Suitable for spans of 7m – 16m ; longer spans
may be possible with post tensioning.
 It is also economical as the amount of concrete and
steel is reduced as compared to flush slabs. Saving
15% concrete and 10% steel as compared to
traditional T beams.
 These systems are light in weight and hence
considerable saving is ensured in the framework as
light framework is required.
 Coffered underside is usually left exposed for
visual appearance.
 Dis -advantages :
 Construction requires strict supervision and skilled
labour.
 The casting forms or moulds required for precast
units are very costly and hence only economical
when large scale production of similar units are
desired.
 Headroom is reduced , hence increased storey
height.
 Due to waffle ceiling , it creates problem in lighting
facilities and hanging pipes or ducts.

Waffle Slabs Designed as Two-way Slabs with Integral Beams and Level Soffits
These slabs are popular in spans up to 10m.They combine the advantages of waffle slabs with those of level soffits.
The standard moulds are 225, 325 and 425mm deep and are used with toppings between 50 and 150 mm thick. The
ribs are 125mm wide on a 900 mm grid.
Depth is governed by deflection of the beams, which ,therefore, tend to be heavily reinforced. The chart and data
assume internal beams at least 1925mm wide (i.e.. Two waffle wide) and perimeter beams at least 962mm (i.e. one
waffle) plus column width/2, wide. They include an allowance for an edge loading of 10 kn/m.

Advantages And Disadvantages
 Advantages :
• Medium spans
• Lightweight
• Level soffit
• Profile may be expressed architecturally, or used for
heat transfer
 Dis -advantages :
• Higher formwork costs than for plain soffits.
• Slow. Difficult to prefabricate reinforcement.

Lodytel Communication
Development Centre, Spain
Chattrapati Shivaji Terminal,India
It is recognized for its
innovative column design
which also consists waffle
design.
Metropol Parasol,Italy
It is the world’s largest wooden
structure which is made up of waffle
system.
It was the first building to use
the Holedeck pods for waffle
sytem.

Flat Slab
 Flat slab called beamless slab is a slab supported directly by
columns without beams. A part of slab bounded on each of the
four sides by centre line of column is called a panel. Panel may
be divided into column strip and middle strip.
 A flat plate is a two-way system usually supported directly on
columns or load-bearing walls. The main feature of the flat plate
floor is a uniform thickness with a flat soffit which requires only
simple formwork and is easy to construct. The floor allows great
flexibility for locating horizontal services above a suspended
ceiling or in a bulkhead. A flat plate with pre-stressing tendons
(PT) results in longer spans and thinner slabs.
Usage:-
•Office buildings – Low Rise & High Rise
•Residential buildings – Low Rise & High Rise
•Parking
•Hotels
Economic Span Range:-
•5-8m (Conventional RC)
•6-10m ( Post-Tensioned)

Flat Slab
Advantages:
Typically has the lowest floor to floor cycle time of the cast in-situ
options due to the most simplified formwork and reinforcement
detailing.
No beams - simplifying under-floor services.
Minimum structural depth and reduced floor-to-floor height.
Disadvantages:
Long-term deflection may be a controlling factor.
May not be suitable for heavy loads.
High concentration of reinforcement around the columns in order to
ensure the slab has adequate punching shear capacity.
Benefits of Flat Slab:
 Flexibility in room layout
 Saving in building height
 Shorter construction time
 Prefabricated welded mesh

Flat Slab with Drop Panels
• Drop panels, formed by thickening the bottom of the slab
around columns, increase shear capacity and the stiffness of
the slab, allowing thinner slabs to be used. A flat slab with
prestressing tendons (PT) results in longer spans and thinner
slabs.
Usage:-
•Office buildings - Low Rise & High Rise
•Residential buildings - Low Rise & High Rise
•Parking
•Hotels

Advantages:
•More efficient structural system than a flat plate, typically with lower stress concentration at column locations.
•Slabs are generally thinner in comparison to the flat plate solution.
•Absence of beams allows lower storey heights.
•Flexibility of partition location and horizontal service distribution.
Disadvantages:
•Formwork is more complicated than with a flat slab system, which can increase floor to floor cycle time.
•Drop panels require a higher level of coordination with the services in the ceiling space than flat plates and may not
be architecturally acceptable for areas where suspended ceiling is not envisaged.

Usage:-
•Office buildings - Low Rise & High Rise
•Residential buildings - Low Rise & High Rise
•Parking
•Hotels

Lift Slab Construction,
Lift Slab Construction
 Lift-slab construction was a revolutionary
idea invented and developed in the early
1950s by a collaboration of Philip N. Youtz
and Thomas B. Slick, resulting in what came
to be known as the Youtz-Slick Lift-Slab
Method of Construction.
 Basically, the method involves casting floor
and roof slabs on or at ground level and
jacking them up into position.
 Flat plate floors are commonly used because
they are so well suited to stack-casting,
requiring for work at only the edges of the
slab and at floor openings.
The most famous IIR (Institute for Inventive Research) invention was the Youtz-
Slick lift-slab method of building construction, developed concurrently by Mr. Slick
and Philip Youtz, a New York architect, in 1948.
 Lift slab construction is a method of constructing concrete buildings by casting the floor or roof slab on top of the
previous slab and then raising the slab up with hydraulic jacks, so being cheaper and faster as it does not need
forms & shores as it is needed for cast-in-place slabs. Lift-slab construction can be more economic than
conventional construction when the building is vertically uniform, such as for hotels, apartment buildings, and
dormitories, and where the slab designs are repetitive.

 Originally , lift-slabs were reinforced with mild steel reinforcing, which limited the column
spacing or required very thick slabs.
 With the advent of post-tensioning , however the column spacing was increased and the
thickness of the slabs were reduced.
 Contemporarily, all lift-slabs are post-tensioned.
History
 Developments in
the construction
field have
changed lift slab
techniques over
its 33 year history,
increase use of
pumping and pre-
stressing has
made cast-in-
place flat plate
work more
efficient.
Photographs one of the earliest,, lift slab structure constructed in the
US.

 Special lifting collars or share heads are provided in the slabs at the columns. Bond breaking compounds are applied
between slabs to separate them.
 After the slabs have cured long enough to reach a prescribed strength powerful hydraulic jacks mounted on top of
the columns lift the slabs into their respective positions.
 A console connected to each hydraulic jack synchronizes the number of turns of the check nuts to assure that the
concrete slabs is being raised the same amount at all points.
 The lift slab technique reduces cost for multistory buildings by eliminating most formwork.

Advantages
 The big advantage of erecting concrete buildings using lift slab construction is elimination of most form work; only
the sides need to be formed , an important factor in areas where labour cost are high.
 Lift slab can be used for heights up to about 16 stories. Economical column spacing ranges from 22 to 32 feet.
Columns may be pipe, tubes or wide flange sections; concrete building columns may be used in 3 to 4 story
buildings not requiring splices.
 Another advantage is reduced handling and hoisting of materials and supplies that can simply be placed on top of
the slabs and lifted with them.
 There is little need for finishing the bottom of the slabs, since they will be as smooth as the floor finish of the slab
below and thus the bottom of the slab can be used directly as a ceiling.
 The technique offers good fire resistance and good acoustic ratings.
 Mass designed into walls, floors and roofs helps to reduce the effects of daily temperature changes.
Limitations
 The method has limitations too, the principal one being that
buildings must be specifically planned for the same , or it
will not have any economic advantages over conventional
construction.
 This method is not used for high rise buildings only use
for 14-15 storey building in wide flange sections.
 Concrete columns are used only in 3-4 story buildings.
 No large span slab are constructed in this type of
construction

The process …..
 The steel and concrete columns are first fixed in position and rigidly connected to the foundation and the ground
floor slab is then cast.
 When it has matured it is sprayed with two or three coats of a separating medium consisting of wax dissolved in a
volatile spirit.
 Polythene sheet or building paper may also be used as an alternative.
 The first floor slab is cast inside edge formwork on top of the ground floor slab and when it is mature it is in turn
coated or covered with the separating medium and next floor slab in cast on top of it.
 The casting of successive slab continues until all the floors and roof have been cast one on
the other on the ground lifting collars are cast into each slab around each column.
 The slab are lifted by jacks operating on the top of each column which lift a pair of steel
rods attached to each lifting collar in the slab being raised.
 A central control synchronizes the process for a uniform lift from all directions.

General Considerations
 The lift slab method of construction presents certain unique engineering
considerations, during both the design phase and the construction phase of a
project.
 These considerations must be recognized and adequately addressed during
the structural design, during the planning of the lift-slab operation,
during the preparation of the shop drawings, and during the
construction.
 Structural engineering is required in all of these phases by various
engineers employed by different organizations and with different
responsibilities.
Fixing Details Fargo high rise building (1960)
USA

Tools and Materials
Hydraulic Jacks
This jack is a hydraulic piece of equipment which has positive safety devices on it. The jack can lift slab on columns
loaded up to 100,000 pounds at speeds up to 14 feet an hour.

Lifting Collars
Lifting collars are cast into it slab around is column providing a
means to lift the slab and also providing shear reinforcement,
they are fixed two columns by building share blocks two plates
welded column flange and to the color after the slab has been
raised in position.
Shear Blocks
Shear blocks is steel
component used to hold the
lifted slab and its final
elevation
Bond Breakers
 The main function of bone breakers is to
minimize dynamic load during lifting or
stripping of precast members and permit their
complete clear separation from casting slab.
 In lift slab construction and working
component permit the slab to be separated
easily from one another.
 Bond breakers include wax dissolve in a
volatile spirit polythene sheet or building
paper may be used as an alternative

Examples
Fargo high rise building, USA
The Johnstone Hall complex
Center of banks office complex
Budapest
Living Complex Plovdiv

Cross Wall & Box Frame Construction
Cross-wall is a generic method of building
construction using a series of division or party walls
which transfer the floor loads through the building to
foundation or transfer slab level.
Applied to buildings in which the walls are at right angles to
the principal axis
Lateral front and rear external walls are non-load bearing.
 It is a box frame structure,
The open end of the boxes being the cladded main external
walls.

Advantages of Cross wall Construction
 Simplicity of construction the walls
consist of simple unbroken runs of brick-
or block work, or in situ concrete.
 Projecting beams and columns are
eliminated.
 It lends itself to repetition and
standardization of both structural and non-
structural elements and thus to the
prefabrication of the latter.
 The external walls, being free from load,
may be designed with greater freedom in
the choice of materials and finish.
 As a result of these factors, construction
costs are low.
 The limitation of planning which results when the cross walls are maintained at maximum intervals of about
5.5m.
 It is clear that a building would be structurally unsound if it consisted of a number of detached cross walls
extending through several storey without lateral or longitudinal ties or supports, especially when the cladding is
the light weight type.
 Renovation work is most difficult in such construction.
Disadvantages

Merits of Cross Wall Construction…
•Speed of Construction
Precast allows speedy erection of the structure flexibility and overall program shortening.
•Off-site Manufacture
Manufacturing of the major components off-site reduces the site labour
•Quality Control
Quality control is an ever-increasing requirement in all construction..
•Appearance And Finishes
Factory produced precast components can be produced with a wide range of finishes.
Demerits of cross wall construction…
The limitation of planning which results when the cross walls are maintained at maximum intervals of about 5.5m.
It is clear that a building would be structurally unsound if it consisted of a number of detached cross walls extending
through several storey without lateral or longitudinal ties or supports, especially when the cladding is the light weight
type.
Uses…
This type of construction is most suited to building types that are up to 5 storey high.
The spacing of cross walls varies from 3-5.5 m
Used at the site where speedy construction is done.

HOTELS
Cross-wall Construction
Hotel construction uses a technique of flat-pack building components referred to as cross-wall construction.
The system comprises vertically cast division walls with optional external grey concrete inner leaf or sandwich panel
construction.
The objective of cross-wall is to reduce wet
trades and create early "dry box" working for
subsequent trades.
 Solid room-sized slabs, pre-finished for
direct ceiling decoration and direct
placement of carpet without the
requirement for screeds
Construction of stairs and lift cores as
the erection progresses permitting early
access for subsequent trades

Student Accommodation
Crosswall Construction
The use of cross-wall construction in student
accommodation gives significant benefits for short-term
build projects where a deadline for opening is critical
Precast concrete construction offers extremely durable
accommodation, capable of sustaining even the toughest
conditions of student living.
By the use of direct finishing techniques to the walls and ceiling,
together with solid room-sized slabs
, and the pre-installation of bathroom pods, cross-wall
construction offers speed of construction
together with economy
Key requirements for economical construction in student accommodation include
• Repetition of room layout
• Consistency of vertical alignment to division walls
• Repetition of elevation treatment

Apartments
Modular Build System
Apartment construction has become increasingly popular As a
modular build alternative to traditional steel and in-situ Concrete
frame methods. The system adopted uses cross-wall Construction in a
similar method to the hotel construction system, But differs in that the
variability of room layouts and external Elevations require differing
techniques and innovative thinking to Produce fast-build economical
solutions.
Apartment construction is usually designed with traditional
building solutions which are subsequently modified during the
design process to obtain a competitive edge in design& build
solutions. The benefits of early consultation with precast
structures will result in significant savings in both cost and time,
resulting from economical manufacture solutions and reduced
erection periods.

References
https://www.slideshare.net/tivarrose/lift-formslabconstruction?from_action=save
Building Construction Handbook, Sixth Edition By Roger Greeno
http://www.trentglobal.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Lecture-4-Structural-frames-in-buildings.pdf
https://gharpedia.com/blog/one-way-slab/
Barry The Construction of Building 4th edition
https://civilshastra.com/2019/04/12/types-of-slabs/

Speedy construction presentation

Recomendados

Recomendados

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Mais procurados (20)

Semelhante a Speedy construction presentation

Semelhante a Speedy construction presentation (20)

Último

Último (20)

Speedy construction presentation