2. Introduction
In the following we will Examine the Techniques and Tools
that Support Quality Management within a company. There are
for the 7 Basic Tools which we are going to define. Generally
they can be subdivided into:
 mathematical statistical Tools
 logical tools

3. Quality tools
 Quality techniques
 7 Basic Quality techniques
 Histograms
 Pareto Charts
 Run Charts
 Scatter Diagrams
 Control Charts
 Flow Charts
 Cause and Effect Diagrams
 New techniques
 Other Tools

4. LSL USL
Histograms
What is it?
• A Histogram is a bar graph
• usually used to present frequency data
How does it Work?
• Define Categories for Data
• Collect Data, sort them into the categories
• Count the Data for each category
• Draw the Diagram. each category finds its place on the x-Axis.
• The bars will be as high as the value for the category
What is its use?
• Histograms provide an easy way to evaluate the distribution of
Data over different categories

5. Pareto Charts
X
What is it?
• A Pareto Chart is a Histogram
• + a cumulative line Type
How does it Work?
• Similar like a Histogram
• First define categories, collect Data and sort them into the Categories. Count
the occurrences for each category.
• Now rank the categories starting with highest value.
• Draw cumulative points above all the bars and connect them into a line.
What is its use?
• Pareto Charts are used to apply the 80/20 rule of Joseph Juran which states
that 80% of the problems are the result of 20% of the problems. A Pareto
Chart can be used to identify that 20% route causes of problem.

6. Run Charts
Measurement
What is it?
• Run Charts are representing change
• in measurement over a sequence or time
How does it Work? Time
• Gather Data
• Organize Data
» Measurements (y) must be confronted with time or sequence of
the events.
• Chart Data
• Interpreting Data
What is its use?
• Determining Cyclic Events and there average character

7. Scatter Diagrams
What is it?
• Statistical tool showing a trend in a series of values.
How does it Work?
• Gain values series
• Draw graph with value points
Y
• Draw trend line: m*x+a
» Calculate m value
» Calculate a value
» Calculate points for trend line. X
What is its use?
• Demonstrating correlations between values and showing trends for
value changes.

8. Control Charts Y
Upper limit
Average/Spec
What is it?
• Statistical tool, showing whether Lower limit
• A process is in control or not
How does it Work? X
• Define Upper limit, lower limit and medium value
• Draw Chart.
• Gather values and draw them into chart
What is its use?
• Taking samples of a process and detect possibility of process being out of
control

9. start
Flow Charts No
Repair machine
Check machine
OK?
What is it?
Yes
• Way of representing a Procedure
end
• using simple symbols and arrows
• A Flowcharts shows the activities in a process and the relationships between them.
Operations and Decisions can be represented
How does it Work?
• Determine what Process or Procedure you want to represent.
• Start at a certain point and go then step by step using circles or rectangles for
operations or other elements, diamonds for decisions, arrows show the flow
and the direction.
• Document the elements with titles. Let it close with an ending point.
What is its use?
• A Flow chart lets a process or procedure be understood easily it also
demonstrate the relationships

10. Cause and Effect Diagrams
Cause a Cause b
What is it?
• It’s a diagram that demonstrates
effect
• the relationship between Effects
• and the categories of their causes Cause c Cause d
• The Arrangement of the Diagram lets it look like a fishbone it is there
for also called fish-bone diagram
How does it Work?
• Determine the Effect or Problem you would like to examine
• Categorize the possible causes
• find subcategories
• Describe the possible causes