Sc2220 Lecture 13 2009

Lecture 13: Review Summary, Key Slides Eric C. Thompson

Overview of the Course ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Yeah… I remember some of that. 

I. INTRODUCTION TO COURSE AND GENDER STUDIES

Sex / Gender / Sexuality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sociology of Women Feminist Sociology Sociology of Gender Franklin pp. xiv & xxvii “ Additive”… sought to make women ‘visible’ in sociology; Research about women’s experience. Reconceptualization of society; Focus on patriarchy and gendering of all aspects of social life; Explicitly political Deconstruction of the category “women”; Focus on gender rather than women ; Including men , masculinities, intersexed , and sexualities . Up to 1970s 1970s-1990s 1990s-present From “Women” to “Gender”

Waves of Feminism* ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],*All based mainly on American history; Similar “waves” have been constructed for Singapore .

Human Heterosexuality shapes Gender ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

But Biology Does Not Determine Gender. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

“ Gender” involves Three Systems: Biological, Social and Cultural ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CULTURAL SYSTEMS SOCIAL SYSTEMS BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS DIAGRAM 1: Human Systems, General Integration Each system has some relationship to the other systems.

BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS Socio-Cultural SYSTEMS DIAGRAM 6: Gender Systems Example 3: Gender Systems. Interaction between socio-cultural systems and biological systems with respect to gender and sex is substantial. (But this does not mean biology “explains” gender systems.)

III. CULTURAL CONSTRUCTIONS OF GENDER

Gender Socialization: How We Learn Gender (3 Models) Model 1: Direct Teaching/ Rewards & Punishment Model 2: Indirect Teaching/ Identification & Modeling Behavior Adults set the agenda, provide rewards or punishment Children identify with adults/parents of same sex and imitate their behavior

Gender Socialization Model 3 (Maccoby): Peer-to-Peer Socialization Children learn gender roles & behavior from each other

Socialization Involves Complex, Multiple Influences 3. PEER SOCIALIZATION 1. DIRECT TEACHING 2. MODELING BEHAVIOR TV 4. GENERAL CULTURAL INFLUENCES

“ Unpacking” the Gender System (Ridgeway and Correll 2004) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* ”Critical” Social and Cultural theory does not mean “criticizing” or bashing; it means carefully and reflectively examining.

A Few Things We “Unpacked” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Patri- and Matri- (Some Terminology) Patri- (male) Matri- (female) -archy (rule, govern) -lineal (in the line of) -local (residence, location) Patriarchy: society in which power is disproportionately held by men Examples: Matrilineal: society in which property, names, status, etc. is inherited through women Patrilocal: society in which married couples live with the man’s side of the family *These are all different things; a society can be matrilineal but patriarchal

Patrilineal, Patrilocal Rules produce Patriarchal Relationships ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Matrilineal, Matrilocal Rules produce Egalitarian Relationships ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Range of Matriarchy/Patriarchy All things being equal, we would expect a range of societies – from Highly Matriarchal to Highly Patriarchal. In fact, we find a range of societies from more-or-less Egalitarian to Highly Patriarchal. Societies That Do Not Exist Societies That Do Exist Egalitarian Very Matriarchal Very Patriarchal WHY?

Conditions of Patriarchy (Summarized) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Additional Hypotheses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Human Relationships Forged On… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

“ Socio-sexual System” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sex Object, Success Object Same? Different? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

V. GENDER, SOCIAL RELATIONS AND STRUCTURES

Issues in Gender at Work ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

“ Flight from Marriage,” Foreign Brides and Transnational Patriarchy ,[object Object],[object Object]

Some Final Points… (that we didn’t have time for last week)

Commodification of “Women’s Work”: The Logic of “Neoliberalism” (Markets) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

“ Classic” (Kandiyoti 1988) and Transnational Forms of Patriarchy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],*First world women can and occasionally do leverage citizenship as well in relationships with Third world men (see cases in the Carribean; Allen 2007); but generally, women do not. Why? Refer to “sexual exchange theory”.

Is Singapore a “Patriachal Society”? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sc2220 Lecture 13 2009

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Sc2220 Lecture 13 2009