3. Insect morphology-
External morphology of insect,
Insect antennae,
Insect Head
Mouth parts,
Insect Legs,
Insect wings,
Metamorphosis,
Larvae and pupae
4. Digestive system
Circulatory system
Respiratory system
Central nervous system
Female reproductive system
Male reproductive system
Excretory system
Endocrine system
5. Study of characters of insect orders and their families.
Odonata
Orthoptera
Dictyoptera
Isoptera
Thysanoptera
Hemiptera
Neuroptera
Lepidoptera
Hymenoptera
Diptera
Coleoptera
6. 1. Elements of Economic Entomology.
By David and Kumarswami
2. General and Applied Entomology
By David and Anathkrishnan
3. Insect Physiology and Anatomy
By N.C.Pant and Swaraj Ghai
4. Imms General Text Book of Entomology-Vol. I & II
By. Richard and David
5. An Introduction to Study of Insects
By Borror
6. Insect Structure and Function
By Chapman
7. Physiological Systems in Insect
By Mark J. Klowden
8. A Text Book of Entomology
- By Mathur and Upadhya
7. Arthropoda - Arthro-joint, poda-foot
Characteristics of Arthropoda :
1. Segmented body - grouped into 2 or 3 regions
(tagma) - Tagmosis
2. Renewable chitinous exoskeleton
3. Grow by moulting
4. Bilateral symmetry of body
5. Body cavity (haemocoel) filled with blood
(haemolymph)
8. Phylum Arthropoda is Classified in to 7
classes.
1. Onychophora (claw bearing)
e.g. Peripatus
2. Crustacea (Crusta - shell) e.g. Prawn, crab,
wood louse
3. Arachnida (Arachne - spider) e.g. Scorpion,
spider, tick, mite
4. Chilopoda (Chilo - lip; poda - appendage)
e.g. Centipedes
5. Diplopoda (Diplo - two; poda- appendage)
e.g. Millipede
6. Trilobita (an extinct group)
7. Hexapoda (Hexa- six; poda-legs) or Insecta
(In- internal; sect – cut) e.g. Insects.
9. Class Insecta (Hexapoda )
E.g. grasshopper, cockroach, housefly.
The body is divisible into three distinct regions.
i.e. the head, the thorax and the abdomen.
Head bears a single pair of antennae.
Thorax bears three pairs of legs(Hexapoda) and
usually two pairs of wings in adult stage.
Abdomen is devoid of ambulatory appendages
and genital openings are situated on 8th and
9thabdominal segments.
They respire by means of tracheae.
They generally undergo metamorphosis.
10. Imm’s Defination
“ Insects are tracheate arthopods whose
body is divided in to three regions namely
head thorax and abdomen possessing two
pairs of wings and three pairs of legs in
thoracic region, genital organs towards
posterior end of the body and with
decentralized nervous system “
11.
12.
13. The body of insect generally consist of 20 segments.
The body divided into 3 region
1. Head
2. Thorax
3. Abdomen
14. It is formed by fusion of six segment
along with the appendages
It is concerned with feeding
mechanism and carries special
sensory organ like antennae and eyes.
Head is formed by following segment
15. Name of
segment
Name of
appendage
1. Pre -
antennary
Pair of compound eyes
2. Antennary Pair of antennae
3.Intercalary Single labrum
4.Mandibular Pair of mandibles
5.Maxillary Pair of maxillae
6. Labial Labium
16. 2.THE THORAX
It is second region of insect body
mainly concerned with locomotion.
It is composed of three segments ie-
prothorax , mesothorax , and
metathorax .
Each thoracic segment bears a pair
of legs . ( Total six legs= hexapoda)
In adult stage the meso and
metathoracic segment bear a pair of
17. The wing bearing segments are also called
as pterothorax.( ptera –wing)
18. 3.THE ABDOMEN
It is third and posterior region of
insect body .
It concerned with reproduction
and metabolic activities.
