Meaning, Nature and Importance of Management, Differences between Management and Administration, Management Approaches; Management Functions-Principles of Management- Fayol’s and Taylor’s Principles; Managerial Skills; Task and Responsibilities of Professional Manager

1. Nature of
Management
and its Process
Enterprise Management

2. Management
• “Management is the multi-purpose organ that manages
business and managers and manages workers at work”.
-Peter F Drucker

3. Why Management

4. Nature of Management

5. Characteristics of Management
• Continuous and never ending process
• Getting things done through people
• Result oriented science and art
• Multidisciplinary
• A group and not an individual activity
• Follows established principles or roles
• Aided but not replaced by computers
• Situational in nature
• Need not be an ownership
• Management is all pervasive

6. Administration
“Administration means guidance, leadership & control of the efforts
of the groups towards some common goals”

7. Difference between Administration and Management
Features Administration Management
Nature Determinative or thinking function Executive or doing function
Type of Work Decision on Objective & Policies Implementation of policies
Levels of Authority Top level Middle and lower level
Influence Public opinion & Outside Sources
Objectives & Policies of
concern
Direction of human efforts Not directly concerned Actively Concerned
Main Functions Planning & Control Directing & Organizing
Skills required Conceptual and Human skills Technical and Human skills
Usage Used in govt & Public sector Business organization

8. Approaches to Management

9. Human Behavior Approach
In the human resources approach, the role of managers changes from
structuring and controlling to supporting

10. Social System Approach
• Understanding the behavior of groups & individuals.
• Features
• Social System, a system of cultural relationship
• Relationship exist between external and internal environment of the
organization.
• Formal Organization - Cultural relationships of social groups working within
the organization.
• Co-operation necessary
• Efforts directed - harmony between goals of organization & goals of groups.

11. The socio-technical systems approach
The socio-technical systems approach of management views an
organization as a combination of 2 systems – a social system and a
technical system.

12. Decision Theory Approach
• Decision Theory represents a general approach to decision making
which is suitable for a wide range of management decisions,
including:
• Product and service design
• Equipment selection
• Location planning
• Capacity planning
• Product –mix
• Credit policies

13. Management Science Approach
Management is regarded as the problem-solving mechanism with the
help of mathematical tools and techniques.
Management problems can be described in terms of mathematical
symbols and data. Thus every managerial activity can be quantified.

14. System Approach
• A system is basically a combination of parts, subsystems. Each part
may have various sub-parts.
• An organization is a system of mutually dependent parts, each of
which may include many subsystems.

15. Contingency or Situational Approach
• Management action is contingent on certain action outside the
system or subsystem as the case may be.
• Organizational action should be based on the behaviour of action
outside the system so that organization should be integrated with the
environment.
• It varies from situation to situation

16. Operational Approach
The conceptual framework of management can be constructed on the
basis of the analysis of management process and identification of
management principles.

17. Managerial Roles, Skills and
Responsibilities

18. Managerial Roles

19. Managerial Skills

20. Managerial Responsibilities
• Social responsibility
• Corporate Social Responsibility
• Social responsiveness
• Social responsibility models
• Classical model
• Socio – economic model

26. Scope of Management
• Subject Matter of Management
• Functional Areas of Management
• Financial Management:
• Marketing Management
• Production Management
• Interdisciplinary Approach
• Universal Phenomenon Management

27. MANAGEMENT AS A
SCIENCE AND AS AN
ART

28. Management as a Science
• Universally accepted principles
• Experimentation & Observation
• Cause & Effect Relationship
• Test of Validity & Predictability

29. Management as an Art
• Practical Knowledge
• Personal Skill
• Creativity
• Perfection through practice
• Goal-Oriented

30. Management as a Profession
• Specialized Body of Knowledge and Skill
• Formal Training
• Social Responsibility
• Code of Conduct

31. FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT

32. PLANNING
Planning is the process of setting objectives and determining what
should be done to accomplish them

33. ORGANIZING
• Organizing is the process of assigning tasks, allocating resources, and
coordinating the work activities of individuals and groups to
implement the plans.

34. Staffing
“Managerial function of staffing involves manning the organization
structure through proper and effective selection, appraisal &
development of personnel to fill the roles designed under the
structure”.

35. Directing
Directing is that inert-personnel aspect of management which deals
directly with influencing, guiding, supervising, motivating the sub-
ordinates for the achievement of organizational goals.
Supervising
Motivation
Leadership
Communication

36. Coordinating/ Communicating/ Controlling
Controlling is the process of measuring performance, comparing results
to the objectives and taking action to ensure the desired results.

37. Reporting
Reporting is providing information about serious wrongdoing that you
have become aware of at your workplace/ place of study.

38. Budgeting
A budget is a financial plan for a defined period, often one year. It may
also include planned sales volumes and revenues, resource quantities,
costs and expenses, assets, liabilities and cash flows.

39. LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT

43. TASK AND RESPONSIBLITIES OF PROFESSIONAL
MANAGER
• Envisioning Goals
• Managing Growth
• Improving and Maintaining Efficiency
• Innovation
• Looking out for the competition
• Leadership
• Change Management
• Choosing correct Information Technology