1. Introduction: The Scientific Study Of Life Biology

3. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE How we’re different from rocks.

5. Scientists have found living things share common characteristics, no matter what the species . . .

13. To be considered alive, a thing must possess ALL of these 6 characteristics, not just some. . . .

22. Hierarchical organization of Life

24. Classification

25. Classifying life KINGS PLAY CHESS ON FAT GREEN STOOLS

26. Scientific Method

38. How is biological research done? The Scientific Method Step to scientific method 1. Making observations about the natural world 2. Asking a question about what you have observed 3. Construct hypotheses that may answer your question Based on Hypothetic-deductive method

43. Controls and Variables

48. Review

49. The Study of Microbial Structure: Microscopy and Specimen Preparation

50. Scale 1mm = 1,000um

54. Body Tube Nosepiece Objectives Stage Clips Light Ocular lens (Eyepiece) Arm Stage Coarse Adjustment Fine Adjustment Always carry a microscope with one hand holding the arm and one hand under the base . Base Diaphragm

56. What’s my power? To calculate the power of magnification, multiply the power of the ocular lens by the power of the objective . What are the powers of magnification for each of the objectives we have on our microscopes?

58. focal point

59. Comparing Powers of Magnification We can see better details with higher the powers of magnification, but we cannot see as much of the image. Which of these images would be viewed at a higher power of magnification?

60. Let’s give it a try ... 1 – Turn on the microscope and then rotate the nosepiece to click the red-banded objective into place . 2 – Place a slide on the stage and secure it using the stage clips. Use the coarse adjustment knob (large knob) to get it the image into view and then use the fine adjustment knob (small knob) to make it clearer. 3 – Once you have the image in view, rotate the nosepiece to view it under different powers. Be careful with the largest objective! Sometimes there is not enough room and you will not be able to use it!

65. primary stain mordant counterstain decolorization positive negative

66. How to make a wet-mount slide … 1 – Get a clean slide and coverslip from your teacher. 2 – Place ONE drop of water in the middle of the slide. Don’t use too much or the water will run off the edge and make a mess! 3 – Place the edge of the cover slip on one side of the water drop.

67. 5 – Place the slide on the stage and view it first with the red-banded objective. Once you see the image, you can rotate the nosepiece to view the slide with the different objectives. You do not need to use the stage clips when viewing wet-mount slides! 4 - Slowly lower the cover slip on top of the drop . Cover Slip Lower slowly

70. Electron Microscope

71. Fly head

72. Surface of a fruit fly eye

74. Fly head