1. The document discusses the covalent and electrostatic attachment of yeast cytochrome c to a fused silica surface and how its structure and function are affected. 2. Experiments examined how the protein's absorption spectra changed when covalently or electrostatically attached to the surface versus in solution under varying conditions like pH and alcohol concentration. 3. The goal was to better understand how the attachment method and external factors influence the protein's conformation and ability to perform its electron transport function.