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SQLite 3 Explained by Scott MacVicar at PHP Barcelona 2008
- 1. SQLite 3 Scott MacVicar PHP Barcelona 2008
- 2. Who Am I? • Employed by Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd • PHP (SQLite3, imagick, svn) • GD
- 3. Overview • What is SQLite? • Why use SQLite? • Who uses SQLite? • SQLite Explained • Difference between SQLite 2 and 3 • PDO / SQLite3
- 4. What is SQLite? • Embedded SQL Database Engine • Serverless - accesses disk directly • Single file • Cross Platform / Architecture • Small footprint • Manifest typing
- 5. Why use SQLite? • Zero Configuration • Portable • Public Domain
- 6. Public Domain? May you do good and not evil. May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others. May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
- 8. Big SQLite Users • Lightroom • AIR sqlite3 ~/Pictures/Lightroom/Lightroom Library.aglib
- 9. Big SQLite Users • Mail • Safari • Aperture • Core Data • iPhone sqlite3 ~/Library/Mail/Envelope Index sqlite3 ~/Library/Caches/com.apple.Safari/Cache.db sqlite3 ~/Pictures/Aperture Library.aplibrary/Aperture.aplib
- 10. Big SQLite Users • Gears • Android
- 11. Big SQLite Users • Virus Information
- 12. Big SQLite Users • History • Bookmarks • Downloads
- 13. Big SQLite Users • Metadata
- 14. Where can SQLite be used? • Replacement for a custom file format • Temporary data storage (Unit Tests) - :memory: • Alternative to enterprise DB for demo • Local node storage • Communication between apps • Embedded Devices
- 15. Versions • SQLite - 2.8.17 • PDO - 3.3.7 + 2.8.17 (3.6.2 in PHP 5.3) • SQLite3 - 3.6.2, minimum is 3.3.9
- 16. SQLite 3 • 64-bit Rowids • Connections shared between threads • BLOB support • Runtime loadable • Improved concurrency extensions • UTF-16 / UTF-8 • Fulltext searching • User defined collations • ICU support • Named bound • OS Interface parameters
- 17. SQLite v2 • Smaller subset of SQL supported • Larger file format • Database format incompatible with v3 • No Unicode support • No reading while writing
- 18. Examples • Firefox 3.0 • Profile directory contains places.sqlite • Schema on the next page • iPhone SMS
- 20. PDO
- 21. SQLite3
- 23. iPhone SMS Schema /private/var/root/Library/SMS/sms.db ~/Library/Application Support/MobileSync/Backup
- 24. Custom Functions • Define SQL Functions in PHP • Implement missing features • Aggregation functions
- 25. Function Example
- 26. Custom Collations • Sorting in alphabetical ☹ ☺ order a a • ICU also provides this i é functionality u i • Use createCollation to é ó define comparison ó u function
- 29. SQLite3 Extension SQLite3 SQLite3Stmt open paramCount close close exec execute version reset lastInsertRowID clear loadExtension bindValue escapeString bindParam prepare query createFunction createAggregate lastErrorMsg
- 30. SQLite3 Extension SQLite3Result fetchArray reset finalize columnType columnName numColumns
- 31. Improving Performance • Pragma • cache_size • fullfsync • synchronous • Shared Cache • Use Transactions
- 32. Benchmarks • Dual Xeon 3.2GHz, 2GB RAM, Centos 5 • MySQL vs SQLite • Synthetic Benchmark - YMMV Original Image by Ben McLeod
- 33. Benchmarks - Tests • 15 tests • INSERT • SELECT • UPDATE • DELETE • DROP
- 34. Benchmarks - Insert MySQL 10.0 SQLite 2 SQLite 3 7.5 SQLite 3 (nosync) 5.0 2.5 0 Test 1 Test 2
- 35. Benchmarks - Select MySQL 10.0 SQLite 2 SQLite 3 7.5 SQLite 3 (nosync) 5.0 2.5 0 Test 3 Test 4
- 36. Benchmarks - Indices MySQL 1.2 SQLite 2 SQLite 3 0.9 SQLite 3 (nosync) 0.6 0.3 0 Test 5 Test 6
- 37. Benchmarks - Update MySQL 5.00 SQLite 2 SQLite 3 3.75 SQLite 3 (nosync) 2.50 1.25 0 Test 7 Test 8 Test 9
- 38. Benchmarks - Delete MySQL 2.0 SQLite 2 SQLite 3 1.6 SQLite 3 (nosync) 1.2 0.8 0.4 0 Test 11 Test 12 Test 13 Test 14
- 39. Benchmarks - Summary • SQLite 3 is faster in almost every test • Using MyISAM would show faster results • Doesn’t test concurrency
- 40. Converting from MySQL • varchar, char -> text • smallint, tinyint, int -> integer • auto_increment -> autoincrement • unknown types converted to text • MySQLi functions have SQLite3 equivalents
- 41. Unsupported SQL - Examples Original Image by Clive Arundell
- 42. Limitations • Very large datasets • High concurrency • No Foreign Keys • Nested Transactions • Writing to Views
- 43. Miscellaneous • Integrity Check • Reclaim Unused Space • Backup
- 44. Tools - SQLite Manager
- 45. Resources • http://www.sqlite.org • http://www.php.net/sqlite3 • http://pecl.php.net/sqlite3 • http://talks.macvicar.net • https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/ addon/5817