> Presented at the Share-PSI Krems Workshop: A self sustaining business model for open data - http://www.w3.org/2013/share-psi/workshop/krems/papers/ServiceInnovation-theHiddenValueOfOpenData - http://www.w3.org/2013/share-psi/workshop/krems/ > Summary The development of a data driven economy has been a major orientation of economic policies over the past few years based on (i) the wider availability of data promoted in particular by the Open Data movement and (ii) the development of dedicated tools to support heterogeneous data and data in large quantities (Big data). Reports anticipate the creation of enormous amounts of economic activity and growth opportunities. However the promise of the data-driven economy lies to a large extent in the development of new services. The return on investment of open data policies for instance should be evaluated from the services created based on open data sets. Open data promoters couple more and more open data initiatives with actions dedicated to the promotion of the datasets for the creation of new services. Nevertheless the results in terms of services created remain below the expectations of open data promoters. Indeed most services created are not sustainable and / or do not use the variety of datasets. They are to a wide extent relying on a limited number of very popular datasets. In order to make the promise of the data-driven economy a reality, it is therefore necessary to increase reuse and value extracted by services from data. Our hypothesis is that service innovation approaches can help understand the mechanisms that drive the creation of services. We therefore propose to analyse the roles that the data can have in the design of services based on a theoretical framework of service innovation.

1. SERVICE INNOVATION:
THE HIDDEN VALUE OF OPEN
DATA
Muriel Foulonneau
Slim Turki
{name.surname}@list.lu
Krems Workshop: a self sustaining
business model for open data
20-21 May 2015

2. • Data-driven economy promises the creation of enormous amounts of economic activity
and growth opportunities.
• Lie to a large extent in the development of new services.
• Results in terms of service creation remain below the expectations of open data
promoters.
• Data producers make their data available for reuse but reuse does not always happen.
• Open data portals describe many datasets, available in a variety of formats and with many
different access modes
• Most services created are not sustainable and / or do not use the variety of datasets;
relying on a limited number of very popular datasets.
• Increase the reuse and the value extracted by services from data
• Understand the service creation process
• How (open) data sources can be integrated in this process.
• Identification of the roles that the data can have in the services design of services based on a
theoretical framework of service innovation.
OPEN DATA AND VALUE CREATION

3. SERVICE DESIGN PROCESS
Idea
Generation
• Ideation phase, birth of the idea
• Spontaneously or from systematic exploration
• Triggered by a stimulus, call for ideas, ideation
contest.
Maturation
• Exploring the idea related issues
• Validate or not options
• Investigate which other technologies and
services are out there already.
Concept
Evaluation
• Idea has reached a level of maturity,
• Assess the potential of the idea by a group of
experts who can decide to invest in its
development
Service
System
Context
Innovativenes
s &
Sustainability
SynopsisResources
Target
Synopsis - summary of the concept of the service
Context - (time, space technological components, regulatory context, etc.)
Target - customers of the service and the reason why they would buy it
Resources required (HR, technologies, organization, partners, financial resources…).
Service system - way in which resources are combined (key activities, key partners as stakeholders)
Innovativeness and sustainability - innovative aspects of the service system, expected impacts.
Vidou, G. (2013). “The Service
Value Pathway: the 3-6-3 tool”

4. • Data can play different roles:
1. the service is based on data,
2. the service uses data as a resource, or
3. the service is validated or enriched with data but the data is not directly used or is
not directly visible in the service.
ROLES OF DATA IN THE SERVICE
DESIGN PROCESS

5. • When the availability of the data is used as impulse to the service ideation process, it
represents the core of the service concept.
• The objective of the ideation process is to determine with one or more datasets which
services could be designed based on them.
A. Service allows visualizing data
B. Service gives a new meaning to data
1- SERVICE BASED ON DATA (1/4)

6. 1-A The service allows visualizing the data
1- SERVICE BASED ON DATA (2/4)
publicspending.net to view
budgetary data
nosdeputes.fr, activity of French
members of parliaments
handimap.org, paths through cities
for disabled citizens
The Narrative science company
generates texts from data to make it
more user friendly; sport news articles
from the raw results of local
competitions

7. • Google ngrams benefits from the Google book digitization program:
• By combining the bibliographic data (including the date of publication) and the individual
words used in each book, Google ngrams allows visualizing the evolution of the use of
particular words over time.
1- B The service gives a new meaning to the data.
1- SERVICE BASED ON DATA (3/4)
Evolution of the words "republic" and "democracy“
between 1800 and 2000

8. • Data, main resource or one of the main resources.
• Analyse the characteristics of the datasets and their impact on the feasibility of the
service:
• update frequency
• data quality (reliability, completeness etc.)
• data source
• maintenance processes
• intellectual property rights and conditions of use
• cost
• accessibility, including its technical accessibility (e.g., API, data dump …)
• formats (e.g., RDF/XML, JSON, spread sheet)
• interoperability with other datasets, typically to mix it with third party datasets
• documentation including its underlying semantic model to adequately interpret and use it.
At the maturation phase
1- SERVICE BASED ON DATA (4/4)

9. • Delivery service
• Location and traffic data are not the core of the concept.
• However they are resources that will help design the service.
• Data enrichment
• Use Wikipedia for the translation of a dataset of postcodes to automatically fill the city in
an address form.
• As for the services based on data, characteristics of the datasets should be analysed
2- SERVICES WITH DATA AS
RESOURCES
Idea
Generation
• Concept defined without any specific relation with the datasets
Maturation
• When investigating service feasibility, datasets have to be taken into
consideration as necessary resources

10. • Datasets used in service design phase but not in the service itself
• Dataset of postcodes used to validate postcodes provided by users in a form.
• Recommendation systems are often tested against standard datasets
• Authors of new algorithms can test them against datasets to verify that it can accurately
predict the ratings provided by users.
• Datasets used to validate business models, through gathering economic indicators, from
statistical institutes
• Simulation environments require many datasets to recreate the context of execution of a
service (traffic related services)
• External datasets do not appear in the final service.
• Critical role to increase the quality of the service and ensure its viability.
Data not directly used or visible in the service
3- SERVICE IS VALIDATED OR
ENRICHED WITH DATA
Concept
Evaluation
• External datasets used only for testing a service concept or validating data
which are already hold by the service designer.

11. • Understand the roles that the data can have in a service
• Data can help at the maturation and the validation phases of the service design.
• New opportunities for the reuse of data
• Different approach to measuring the impact of opening datasets beyond the mere
number of services created.
• Benefit of opening data could be adequately measured
CONCLUSION

12. November 16-17, 2015
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