This paper explores the working principle and applications of an Arduino board. This also explores on how
it can be used as a tool for study and research works. Arduino board can provide a quick tool in
development of VLSI test bench especially of sensors. Main advantages are fast processing and easy
interface. Today, with increasing number of people using open source software and hardware devices day
after day, technology is forming a new dimension by making complicated things look easier and interesting.
These open sources provide free or virtually low costs, highly reliable and affordable technology. This paper
provides a glimpse of type of Arduino boards, working principles, software implementation and their
applications.
The document discusses Arduino, an open-source hardware platform used for building electronics projects. It notes that Arduino is a microcontroller board that can be programmed to read input and control output from various sensors and actuators. The document provides details on Arduino components, programming, common shields and expansions, applications in different domains, and its popularity as an accessible platform for physical computing.
The document discusses Arduino, an open-source electronics prototyping platform. It began in 2005 as a cheaper alternative for students to use in physical computing classes compared to other microcontroller boards. Arduino boards use a microcontroller, such as the Atmega328, and can be programmed and controlled from a computer. The Arduino software and hardware designs are open-source, allowing anyone to build upon and distribute Arduino clones and compatible boards. The Arduino platform and community have grown significantly since 2005.
Arduino is an open-source hardware and software platform for building electronic projects and interactive objects. It consists of a circuit board with a microcontroller, and an IDE software to write and upload code. The boards can read inputs from sensors and turn them into outputs that control actuators. Arduino provides a standard format that simplifies use of microcontrollers. It allows controlling the board by sending instructions to the microcontroller via the Arduino IDE. The platform works with both the physical board and its libraries and IDE software.
The document provides an introduction to the Arduino platform. It describes that Arduino is an open-source electronic prototyping platform that uses both hardware and software. The Arduino software called sketches are created using the Arduino IDE and uploaded to the Arduino board to execute. The board interacts with the physical world through sensors and actuators. The IDE compiles the code and uploads it to the board through a USB connection.
The document discusses the Arduino, an open-source electronics prototyping platform. It began in 2003 as a program to provide a low-cost way for students and professionals to create interactive devices. Arduino hardware typically uses a microcontroller board and can be programmed through an IDE software. Common Arduino boards include the Uno, Leonardo, and Mega. The Arduino is programmed using a Wiring-based language and IDE to easily interact with sensors, actuators and other devices through its input/output pins.
The document discusses Arduino, an open-source hardware platform used for building electronics projects. It notes that Arduino is a microcontroller board that can be programmed to read input and control output from various sensors and actuators. The document provides details on Arduino components, programming, common shields and expansions, applications in different domains, and its popularity as an accessible platform for physical computing.
The document discusses Arduino, an open-source electronics prototyping platform. It began in 2005 as a cheaper alternative for students to use in physical computing classes compared to other microcontroller boards. Arduino boards use a microcontroller, such as the Atmega328, and can be programmed and controlled from a computer. The Arduino software and hardware designs are open-source, allowing anyone to build upon and distribute Arduino clones and compatible boards. The Arduino platform and community have grown significantly since 2005.
Arduino is an open-source hardware and software platform for building electronic projects and interactive objects. It consists of a circuit board with a microcontroller, and an IDE software to write and upload code. The boards can read inputs from sensors and turn them into outputs that control actuators. Arduino provides a standard format that simplifies use of microcontrollers. It allows controlling the board by sending instructions to the microcontroller via the Arduino IDE. The platform works with both the physical board and its libraries and IDE software.
The document provides an introduction to the Arduino platform. It describes that Arduino is an open-source electronic prototyping platform that uses both hardware and software. The Arduino software called sketches are created using the Arduino IDE and uploaded to the Arduino board to execute. The board interacts with the physical world through sensors and actuators. The IDE compiles the code and uploads it to the board through a USB connection.
The document discusses the Arduino, an open-source electronics prototyping platform. It began in 2003 as a program to provide a low-cost way for students and professionals to create interactive devices. Arduino hardware typically uses a microcontroller board and can be programmed through an IDE software. Common Arduino boards include the Uno, Leonardo, and Mega. The Arduino is programmed using a Wiring-based language and IDE to easily interact with sensors, actuators and other devices through its input/output pins.
The document discusses Arduino, an open-source electronics platform. It provides a brief history of Arduino, noting it was started in 2003 in Italy. It discusses important components of Arduino boards, types of Arduino boards, programming used for Arduino, and applications of Arduino like robotics, home automation, and education. In conclusion, it states Arduino is a versatile and affordable platform for electronic projects that has become popular for DIY enthusiasts and makers.
The document introduces the Arduino microcontroller board. It describes the Arduino as an easy-to-use and inexpensive platform for physical computing. Key components of the Arduino include an ATmega328P microcontroller, digital and analog input/output pins, a USB connection for programming, and a standard pin layout that allows connection of expansion boards. The document provides an overview of the Arduino's capabilities and use in interactive projects.
This document provides an introduction to using Arduino, an open-source physical computing platform. It describes Arduino as a microcontroller board and IDE that allows users to write software to control sensors and actuators. The document outlines the basic Arduino hardware components, software interface, and guides setting up the IDE. It recommends verifying the setup by running a sample "Blink" sketch to toggle an onboard LED.
Microcontrollers contain a processing core, flash memory, RAM, I/O peripherals, and are used for specific tasks. The Arduino is an open-source physical computing platform based on a microcontroller board with a USB plug and uses a version of Processing for programming. Arduino boards can be programmed using the Arduino IDE and expanded with shields to add additional functionality.
The document discusses Arduino, an open-source hardware platform for building electronics projects. It notes that Arduino uses a microcontroller and can be programmed using a simplified version of C/C++. The document outlines what Arduino boards contain, how they can be expanded with shields, how to program them using the Arduino IDE software, examples of Arduino projects, and the benefits of the Arduino platform for learning and prototyping.
Introduction to Arduino Programming: Features of ArduinoAbhimanyu Sangale
Introduction to Arduino Programming: Features of Arduino, Board details, Setup and IDE: -
Arduino is a software as well as hardware platform that helps in making electronic projects. It is an opensource platform and has a variety of controllers and microprocessors. There are various types of Arduino boards used for various purposes.
The Arduino is a single circuit board, which consists of different interfaces or parts. The board consists of the set of digital and analog pins that are used to connect various devices and components, which we want to use for the functioning of the electronic devices.
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online.
ARDUINO OVERVIEW HARDWARE SOFTWARE AND INSTALLATION.pptxmenchc1207
The document provides an overview of the Arduino hardware and software platform. It discusses that Arduino is an open-source electronics platform that can read inputs and turn them into outputs. Some common Arduino boards are then described, including the Arduino UNO, Nano, Leonardo, and Micro. The Arduino UNO is highlighted as one of the most popular boards due to its extensive documentation and tutorials available. The key components of the Arduino UNO board are then outlined.
ARDUINO OVERVIEW HARDWARE SOFTWARE AND INSTALLATION.pdfRuby Hermano
This document provides an overview of the Arduino hardware and software platform. It discusses that Arduino is an open-source electronics platform that can read inputs and turn them into outputs. Common Arduino boards like the UNO, Nano, Leonardo and Micro are identified along with their key components and specifications. The document also explains the benefits of using Arduino including its low cost, cross-platform software, simple programming and extensible open-source hardware and software.
The document provides an introduction to Arduino, including what Arduino is, how it works, its benefits, programming language, boards, memory, pins, and pulse-width modulation. Arduino is an open-source electronics platform that allows users to create interactive electronic projects by reading inputs and turning them into outputs. It uses a simple programming language and development environment to program microcontrollers on boards.
This document provides tutorials for using Arduino hardware and software. It introduces the basic Arduino hardware including boards, breadboards, LEDs, and describes how to install the Arduino software and USB drivers. The document then explains the basic structure of Arduino programs and provides tutorials for common projects like blinking an LED, using buttons, sensors, displays and more. It is intended to help beginners learn the fundamentals of using Arduino.
The document discusses the Arduino open-source electronics prototyping platform. It describes what Arduino is, its programming environment, advantages, features, applications, and how it compares to other prototyping platforms. Arduino is an affordable and easy to use platform for creating interactive electronic projects through an open-source hardware board and software. It allows users to prototype sensors and control devices through code.
The document provides an overview of the Arduino prototyping platform. It discusses the main components of Arduino including the Arduino board itself, external hardware like sensors and actuators, and the Arduino IDE. It describes the key capabilities of Arduino boards like the ATmel microcontroller, I/O pins, and programming interfaces. The Arduino can be used to build all kinds of projects from automatic plant watering systems to quadcopter autopilots by connecting various external hardware and programming it using the Arduino IDE.
The document describes the components and programming of Arduino boards. It discusses the major hardware components of Arduino boards including the microcontroller, analog and digital pins, power supply, and USB connector. It then explains the Arduino IDE software environment for writing, compiling and uploading code to Arduino boards. Finally, it covers basic Arduino programming concepts such as setup and loop functions, if/else statements, and functions for digital input/output, analog input, and PWM output.
Arduino: On-board components description, IDE and Programming Pawan Dubey, PhD
The document describes the components and programming of Arduino boards. It discusses the major hardware components of Arduino boards including the microcontroller, analog and digital pins, power supply, and USB interface. It then explains the Arduino IDE software for writing, compiling and uploading code to Arduino boards. Finally, it covers basic Arduino programming concepts such as setup and loop functions, if/else statements, and functions for digital input/output, analog input, and PWM output.
Arduino is an open-source hardware and software platform for building electronics projects. It provides a simple environment for writing code to control sensors, actuators and other inputs/outputs. The Arduino platform includes affordable microcontroller boards, and a development environment that uses a simplified version of C/C++ to write code. This allows projects to sense and control the physical world through inputs like light, motion and temperature, and outputs like motors, lights and displays.
18/03/2010 - FTS seminar series @ Cardiff Univesity, Computer Science. Pete Woznowski and Rich Coombs one hour presentation on Arduino. Some info on Arduino and the talk: Arduino is a hardware and software platform for developing electronic devices and applications, aimed at being fun and accessible to everyone. Think Lego Mindstorms, but aimed intentionally at adults (rather than aimed at children and incidentally used by adults :)). The scope and potential for Arduino is huge. It has been used to develop simple applications like pedometers and networked environmental sensors, to art exhibits and remote controlled vehicles. The talk aims to give an overview of the Arduino platform and a brief introduction to designing and programming Arduino applications, along with some demonstrations.
This paper aims to design an Advanced home automation system using normal web server and Wi-Fi technology. The devices can be switched ON OFF and sensors can be read using a Personal Computer PC through Wi-Fi. This paper helps to develop a home automation system that gives the user complete control over all remotely controllable aspects of his or her home. The automation system will have the ability to be controlled from a central host PC, the Internet, and also remotely accessed via a Pocket PC with a Windows Mobile based application. Er. Bharti Sood | Er. Rahul Gupta "Smart Home Automation using Wi-Fi" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21372.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/21372/smart-home-automation-using-wi-fi/er-bharti-sood
Arduino is an open-source microcontroller board designed to make electronics projects more accessible. It consists of an Atmel microcontroller and standard connectors that allow it to interface with a variety of sensors and actuators. The Arduino IDE software makes programming easy with features like syntax highlighting and the ability to compile and upload code with one click. Arduino boards can sense the environment through inputs and affect their surroundings through outputs, making the platform popular for prototyping and building interactive objects.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
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Semelhante a WORKING PRINCIPLE OF ARDUINO AND USING IT AS A TOOL FOR STUDY AND RESEARCH
The document discusses Arduino, an open-source electronics platform. It provides a brief history of Arduino, noting it was started in 2003 in Italy. It discusses important components of Arduino boards, types of Arduino boards, programming used for Arduino, and applications of Arduino like robotics, home automation, and education. In conclusion, it states Arduino is a versatile and affordable platform for electronic projects that has become popular for DIY enthusiasts and makers.
The document introduces the Arduino microcontroller board. It describes the Arduino as an easy-to-use and inexpensive platform for physical computing. Key components of the Arduino include an ATmega328P microcontroller, digital and analog input/output pins, a USB connection for programming, and a standard pin layout that allows connection of expansion boards. The document provides an overview of the Arduino's capabilities and use in interactive projects.
This document provides an introduction to using Arduino, an open-source physical computing platform. It describes Arduino as a microcontroller board and IDE that allows users to write software to control sensors and actuators. The document outlines the basic Arduino hardware components, software interface, and guides setting up the IDE. It recommends verifying the setup by running a sample "Blink" sketch to toggle an onboard LED.
Microcontrollers contain a processing core, flash memory, RAM, I/O peripherals, and are used for specific tasks. The Arduino is an open-source physical computing platform based on a microcontroller board with a USB plug and uses a version of Processing for programming. Arduino boards can be programmed using the Arduino IDE and expanded with shields to add additional functionality.
The document discusses Arduino, an open-source hardware platform for building electronics projects. It notes that Arduino uses a microcontroller and can be programmed using a simplified version of C/C++. The document outlines what Arduino boards contain, how they can be expanded with shields, how to program them using the Arduino IDE software, examples of Arduino projects, and the benefits of the Arduino platform for learning and prototyping.
Introduction to Arduino Programming: Features of ArduinoAbhimanyu Sangale
Introduction to Arduino Programming: Features of Arduino, Board details, Setup and IDE: -
Arduino is a software as well as hardware platform that helps in making electronic projects. It is an opensource platform and has a variety of controllers and microprocessors. There are various types of Arduino boards used for various purposes.
The Arduino is a single circuit board, which consists of different interfaces or parts. The board consists of the set of digital and analog pins that are used to connect various devices and components, which we want to use for the functioning of the electronic devices.
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online.
ARDUINO OVERVIEW HARDWARE SOFTWARE AND INSTALLATION.pptxmenchc1207
The document provides an overview of the Arduino hardware and software platform. It discusses that Arduino is an open-source electronics platform that can read inputs and turn them into outputs. Some common Arduino boards are then described, including the Arduino UNO, Nano, Leonardo, and Micro. The Arduino UNO is highlighted as one of the most popular boards due to its extensive documentation and tutorials available. The key components of the Arduino UNO board are then outlined.
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This document provides an overview of the Arduino hardware and software platform. It discusses that Arduino is an open-source electronics platform that can read inputs and turn them into outputs. Common Arduino boards like the UNO, Nano, Leonardo and Micro are identified along with their key components and specifications. The document also explains the benefits of using Arduino including its low cost, cross-platform software, simple programming and extensible open-source hardware and software.
The document provides an introduction to Arduino, including what Arduino is, how it works, its benefits, programming language, boards, memory, pins, and pulse-width modulation. Arduino is an open-source electronics platform that allows users to create interactive electronic projects by reading inputs and turning them into outputs. It uses a simple programming language and development environment to program microcontrollers on boards.
This document provides tutorials for using Arduino hardware and software. It introduces the basic Arduino hardware including boards, breadboards, LEDs, and describes how to install the Arduino software and USB drivers. The document then explains the basic structure of Arduino programs and provides tutorials for common projects like blinking an LED, using buttons, sensors, displays and more. It is intended to help beginners learn the fundamentals of using Arduino.
The document discusses the Arduino open-source electronics prototyping platform. It describes what Arduino is, its programming environment, advantages, features, applications, and how it compares to other prototyping platforms. Arduino is an affordable and easy to use platform for creating interactive electronic projects through an open-source hardware board and software. It allows users to prototype sensors and control devices through code.
The document provides an overview of the Arduino prototyping platform. It discusses the main components of Arduino including the Arduino board itself, external hardware like sensors and actuators, and the Arduino IDE. It describes the key capabilities of Arduino boards like the ATmel microcontroller, I/O pins, and programming interfaces. The Arduino can be used to build all kinds of projects from automatic plant watering systems to quadcopter autopilots by connecting various external hardware and programming it using the Arduino IDE.
The document describes the components and programming of Arduino boards. It discusses the major hardware components of Arduino boards including the microcontroller, analog and digital pins, power supply, and USB connector. It then explains the Arduino IDE software environment for writing, compiling and uploading code to Arduino boards. Finally, it covers basic Arduino programming concepts such as setup and loop functions, if/else statements, and functions for digital input/output, analog input, and PWM output.
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Arduino is an open-source hardware and software platform for building electronics projects. It provides a simple environment for writing code to control sensors, actuators and other inputs/outputs. The Arduino platform includes affordable microcontroller boards, and a development environment that uses a simplified version of C/C++ to write code. This allows projects to sense and control the physical world through inputs like light, motion and temperature, and outputs like motors, lights and displays.
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Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/21372/smart-home-automation-using-wi-fi/er-bharti-sood
Arduino is an open-source microcontroller board designed to make electronics projects more accessible. It consists of an Atmel microcontroller and standard connectors that allow it to interface with a variety of sensors and actuators. The Arduino IDE software makes programming easy with features like syntax highlighting and the ability to compile and upload code with one click. Arduino boards can sense the environment through inputs and affect their surroundings through outputs, making the platform popular for prototyping and building interactive objects.
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WORKING PRINCIPLE OF ARDUINO AND USING IT AS A TOOL FOR STUDY AND RESEARCH
1. International Journal of Control, Automation, Communication and Systems (IJCACS), Vol.1, No.2, April 2016
DOI: 10.5121/ijcacs.2016.1203 21
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF ARDUINO AND USING IT
AS A TOOL FOR STUDY AND RESEARCH
Leo Louis1
1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Gujarat Technological
University, Ahmedabad, India
ABSTRACT
This paper explores the working principle and applications of an Arduino board. This also explores on how
it can be used as a tool for study and research works. Arduino board can provide a quick tool in
development of VLSI test bench especially of sensors. Main advantages are fast processing and easy
interface. Today, with increasing number of people using open source software and hardware devices day
after day, technology is forming a new dimension by making complicated things look easier and interesting.
These open sources provide free or virtually low costs, highly reliable and affordable technology. This paper
provides a glimpse of type of Arduino boards, working principles, software implementation and their
applications.
KEYWORDS
Arduino, Microcontroller, Hardware, Software, Open-source platform, VLSI, Sensors
1. INTRODUCTION
Arduino is an open source microcontroller which can be easily programmed, erased and
reprogrammed at any instant of time. Introduced in 2005 the Arduino platform was designed to
provide an inexpensive and easy way for hobbyists, students and professionals to create devices
that interact with their environment using sensors and actuators. Based on simple microcontroller
boards, it is an open source computing platform that is used for constructing and programming
electronic devices. It is also capable of acting as a mini computer just like other microcontrollers
by taking inputs and controlling the outputs for a variety of electronics devices.
It is also capable of receiving and sending information over the internet with the help of various
Arduino shields, which are discussed in this paper. Arduino uses a hardware known as the Arduino
development board and software for developing the code known as the Arduino IDE (Integrated
Development Environment). Built up with the 8-bit Atmel AVR microcontroller's that are
manufactured by Atmel or a 32-bit Atmel ARM, these microcontrollers can be programmed easily
using the C or C++ language in the Arduino IDE.
Unlike the other microcontroller boards in India, the Arduino boards entered the electronic market
only a couple of years ago, and were restricted to small scale projects only. People associated with
electronics are now gradually coming up and accepting the role of Arduino for their own projects.
This development board can also be used to burn (upload) a new code to the board by simply using
a USB cable to upload. The Arduino IDE provides a simplified integrated platform which can run
on regular personal computers and allows users to write programs for Arduino using C or C++.
2. International Journal of Control, Automation, Communication and Systems (IJCACS), Vol.1, No.2, April 2016
22
With so many Arduino boards available in the market, selecting a particular development board
needs a variety of survey done with respect to their specifications and capabilities, which can be
used for the project execution according to its specified applications.
2. NEED FOR ARDUINO
Why is there a need to use Arduino in specific? or What makes it different from others?
Massimo Banzi, a Co-founder of Arduino mentions some very important reasons for this question.
1) Active User Community: A group of people using a similar product can hold posted
message conversations and share their experiences or solve the problems of the other users in
the communities with their own experiences [1].
“If you start charging for everything, everything dies very quickly.” says Banzi, Arduino Co-
founder.
2) Growth of Arduino: Arduino was developed with intent to provide an economical and
trouble-free way for hobbyists, students and professionals to build devices that interact with
their situation using sensors and actuators. This makes it perfect for newcomers to get started
quickly [1].
3) Inexpensive Hardware: Since Arduino is an open source platform the software is not
purchased and only the cost of buying the board or its parts is incurred, thus making it very
cheap. The hardware designs are also available online for free from its official website [1].
4) Arduino Board as a Programmer: To make Arduino board function easy and also
making it available everywhere these boards come with a USB cable for power requirements
as well as functioning as a programmer [1].
5) Multi-platform Environment: The Arduino IDE is capable of running on a number of
platforms including Microsoft, Linux and Mac OS X making the user community even larger
[1].
3. TYPE OF ARDUINO BOARDS
Arduino boards are available with many different types of built-in modules in it. Boards such as
Arduino BT come with a built-in Bluetooth module, for wireless communication. These built-in
modules can also be available separately which can then be interfaced (mounted) to it. These
modules are known as Shield.
Some of the most commonly used Shields are:
• Arduino Ethernet shield: It that allows an Arduino board to connect to the internet
using the Ethernet library and to read and write an SD card using the SD library [2].
• Arduino Wireless shield: It allows your Arduino board to communicate wirelessly
using Zigbee [2].
• Arduino Motor Driver Shield: It allows your Arduino boards to interface with driver
of a motor etc. [2].
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Fig. 1.Arduino Shields – Ethernet, Wireless and Motor Driver.
Here is a list of the different types of Arduino Boards available along with its microcontroller type,
crystal frequency and availabilities of auto reset facility:
Table 1. Heading and text fonts
Arduino Type Microcontroller Clock Speed
Arduino Uno ATmega328 16 MHz with auto-reset
Arduino Duemilanove / ATmega328 ATmega328 16 MHz with auto-reset
Arduino Nano ATmega328 16 MHz with auto-reset
Arduino Mega 2560 or Mega ADK ATmega2560 16 MHz with auto-reset
Arduino Leonardo ATmega32u4 16 MHz with auto-reset
Arduino Mini w/ ATmega328 ATmega328 16 MHz with auto-reset
Arduino Ethernet Equivalent to Arduino UNO with an Ethernet
shield
Arduino Fio. ATmega328 8 MHz with auto-reset
Arduino BT w/ ATmega328 ATmega328 16 MHz with auto-reset
LilyPad Arduino w/ ATmega328 ATmega328 8 MHz (3.3V) with auto-reset
Arduino Pro or Pro Mini ATmega328 16 MHz with auto-reset
Arduino NG ATmega8 16 MHz with auto-reset
4. ELEMENTS OF ARDUINO BOARDS
Elements of an Arduino Board can be done into two categories:
• Hardware
• Software
4.1. Hardware
The Arduino Development Board consists of many components that together makes it work. Here
are some of those main component blocks that help in its functioning:
• Microcontroller: This is the heart of the development board, which works as a mini computer
and can receive as well as send information or command to the peripheral devices connected
to it. The microcontroller used differs from board to board; it also has its own various
specifications.
• External Power Supply: This power supply is used to power the Arduino development board
with a regulated voltage ranging from 9 – 12 volts.
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• USB plug: This plug is a very important port in this board. It is used to upload (burn) a
program to the microcontroller using a USB cable. It also has a regulated power of 5V which
also powers the Arduino board in cases when the External Power Supply is absent.
• Internal Programmer: The developed software code can be uploaded to the microcontroller
via USB port, without an external programmer.
• Reset button: This button is present on the board and can be used to resets the Arduino
microcontroller.
• Analog Pins: There are some analog input pins ranging from A0 – A7 (typical). These pins
are used for the analog input / output. The no. of analog pins also varies from board to board.
• Digital I/O Pins: There are some digital input pins also ranging from 2 to 16 (typical). These
pins are used for the digital input / output. The no. of these digital pins also varies from board
to board.
• Power and GND Pins: There are pins on the development board that provide 3.3, 5 volts and
ground through them
Fig. 2.A labled diagram of an Arduino Board and an IDE.
4.2. Software
The program code written for Arduino is known as a sketch. The software used for developing such
sketches for an Arduino is commonly known as the Arduino IDE. This IDE contains the following
parts in it:
• Text editor: This is where the simplified code can be written using a simplified version of C++
programming language.
• Message area: It displays error and also gives a feedback on saving and exporting the code.
• Text: The console displays text output by the Arduino environment including complete error
messages and other information
• Console Toolbar: This toolbar contains various buttons like Verify, Upload, New, Open, Save
and Serial Monitor. On the bottom right hand corner of the window there displays the
Development Board and the Serial Port in use.
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4.3. Features of Arduino IDE
• The project file or the sketches for a project are saved with the file extension .ino
• Features such as cut / copy / paste are supported in this IDE.
• There also is a facility for finding a particular word and replacing it with another by pressing the
Ctrl + F buttons on the keyboard
• The most basic part or the skeleton of all Arduino code will have two functions
5. PROGRAMMING BASICS
Now we’ll discuss about the programming techniques of Arduino sketch in the Arduino IDE. There
are two main parts every sketch will always have, they are:
• void setup ()
• void loop ()
1) void setup():
This is the first routine that begins when the Arduino starts functioning. This function is executed
only once throughout the entire program functioning.
The setup function contains the initialization of every pin we intend use in our project for input or
output. Here is an example of how it should be written:
Here the pin is the no. of the pin that is to be defined. INPUT / OUPUT correspond to the mode in
which the pin is to be used.
It also contains the initialization of the Serial Monitor. A serial monitor is used to know the data
that are being sent serially to any peripheral device.
Before using any variables for programming it is necessary to define them above the function
“void setup()”
2) void loop():
This function is the next important function in the Sketch. It consists of that part of the code that
needs to be continuously executed unlike the part of the code written in the setup function.
An example of a void loop is as follows:
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Here digital Write is a function that writes a high or a low value to a digital pin. If the pin has been
configured as an OUTPUT with pin Mode(), its voltage will be set to the corresponding value: 5V
(or 3.3V on 3.3V boards) for HIGH, 0V (ground) for LOW.
Similarly if there is a need for delay in the sketch then there is another function that creates a delay
in the execution of the code
This creates a delay in the execution of the program for the time period specified (in milliseconds).
Using the above two function lets create a sketch for blinking a led.
Fig. 3.Arduino Shields – Ethernet, Wireless and Motor Driver.
6. APPLICATIONS
Arduino has endless applications as it has been used extensively for creating projects by hobbyist,
amateurs and professional in various fields of engineering. Here are some of those amazing projects
that have been developed on an Arduino platform:
1. Arduino Satellite (ArduSat)
ArduSat is an open source satellite completely based on Arduino to create a stage for space
discoveries. Built by Spire previously known as NanoSatisfi, ArduSat collects various types of
information’s from the space environment, with the help of numerous sensors that includes
temperature sensors, pressure sensors, cameras, GPS, spectrometer, and magnetometer etc with its
programmable Arduino processors [4].
This platform also allows common public to experiment their projects in space. ArduSat can be
used for photography from space, making a spectrograph of the sun, detecting high energy
radiation, compiling temperature readings and observing meteors etc. [5] [6].
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Fig. 4.Actual model of an Ardusat
Fig. 5.Ardusat and its major components.[7]
2. ArduPilot (ArduPilotMega - APM)
ArduPilot is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based on the open source platform and built using
Aruino Mega which is able to control independent multicopters, fixed-wing aircraft, traditional
helicopters and ground rovers. [3]
It was created by the DIY Drones community in 2007 and was also an award winning platform of
2012 [3].
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3. Lilypad Arduino
Just like the Google wearable’s, Lilypad Arduino is a wearable version of Arduino developed and
designed by Leah Buechley and SparkFun Electronics with the aim of building interactive
electronic textiles or e-textiles [10].
Fig. 6.Lily Arduino and so add-on components that can be sewn together and a Lilypad Arduino pillow.
These designs involve use of a number of modules sewn on the cloth with conductive thread to
give it the required electrical connections. [10] The microcontroller can be programmed just like
the normal Arduino boards using the usb-to-serial connection. This is a perfect illustration of a
user community determined project with the business version of the kit designed by Leah and
SparkFun Electronics.
This is an example of such designs, here is a jacket with turn signals that will let people know
where you're going when on a bike.
Fig. 7.Examples of jackets with tum signals powered by Lilypad Arduino sewn onto them
CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, we have studied the working principle of Arduino, its hardware / software features
and its applications as to where it is currently being used and where all it can be used. We have also
learnt how to write sketches for Arduino in its own IDE (software). Developing new ideas with
Arduino is endless, with the help of this paper we have learnt to build new devices of our own to
create and implement innovative things. From wearable fashion to space research, the possibilities
of using an Arduino to learn and develop new ideas is infinite. Though it does have its own
limitations, it is a great tool that can be used in learning.
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REFERENCES
[1] ARDUINO.CC, “Arduino – Introduction”, 2015 [Online] Available:
http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Introduction. [Accessed: 25- Feb - 2015].
[2] Arduino.cc, 'Arduino - Products', 2015. [Online]. Available: http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Products.
[Accessed: 25- Feb- 2015].
[3] ArduPilot Mega, 'ArduPilot Mega', 2015. [Online]. Available: http://www.ardupilot.co.uk/. [Accessed:
23- Nov- 2015].
[4] Wikipedia, 'ArduSat', 2015. [Online]. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArduSat. [Accessed: 23-
FEB- 2015].
[5] Kickstarter, 'ArduSat - Your Arduino Experiment in Space', 2015. [Online]. Available:
https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/575960623/ardusat-your-arduino-experiment-in-space.
[Accessed: 23- Feb- 2015].
[6] DIY Space Exploration, 'Ardusat - Your Personal Satellite Built on Arduino', 2013. [Online].
Available: http://www.diyspaceexploration.com/ardusat-your-personal-satellite. [Accessed: 13- Sep-
2015].
[7] J. Brodkin, '11 Arduino projects that require major hacking skills—or a bit of insanity', Ars Technica,
2013. [Online]. Available: http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/05/11-arduino-
projects-that-require-major-hacking-skills-or-a-bit-of-insanity/2/. [Accessed: 25- Nov- 2015].
[8] Galadima, A.A., "Arduino as a learning tool," in Electronics, Computer and Computation (ICECCO),
2014 11th International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1-4, Sept. 29 2014-Oct. 1 2014
doi: 10.1109/ICECCO.2014.6997577
[9] Badamasi, Y.A., "The working principle of an Arduino," in Electronics, Computer and Computation
(ICECCO), 2014 11th International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1-4, Sept. 29 2014-Oct. 1 2014
doi: 10.1109/ICECCO.2014.6997578
[10] LilyPad Arduino, 'LilyPad Arduino', 2015. [Online]. Available: http://lilypadarduino.org/. [Accessed:
13- Sep- 2015].
AUTHORS
Leo Louis is currently in the final year of Bachelors of Engineering in Electronics and
Communication from the Gujarat Technological University, India. He received his
Diploma in Electronics and Communication from the Gujarat Technological
University, India in 2012. He research interests include Automation and Robotics
using Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems.