Fast research to talk about Docker and why we need something like a real-life container in software. Container will help to separated pieces of "things", standardize transportation, package, unpack, ...

2. Why?

3. Contents
• The challenge

4. Pre-[package] dev stack
• WAMP, XAMP
• Java/Tomcat
• Ruby/Rail

5. It works on MY machine

6. VM
• closely production env
• annoying configure

7. Provision a server without logging in
• Ansible, puppet, salt, Chef
• Pre-configure
• Pre-setup
• Environment-path
•  by a shell script

8. Simple, repeatable VMs

9. Market View: Evolution of IT
1995 2015
Running on any
available set of
physical resources
(public/private/
virtualized)
Assembled by
developers using
best available
services
Thin app on mobile,
tabletThick, client-server app
on thick client
Well-defined stack:
- O/S
- Runtime
- Middleware
Monolithic
Physical
Infrastructure

10. Challenges
2015
How to ensure services
interact consistently,
avoid dependency hell
How to migrate & scale
quickly, ensure
compatibility
How to avoid n X n
different configs
Running on any
available set of
physical resources
(public/private/
virtualized)
Assembled by
developers using
best available
services
Thin app on mobile,
tablet

11. Static website
Web frontend
User DB
Queue Analytics DB
Background workers
API endpoint
nginx 1.5 + modsecurity + openssl + bootstrap 2
postgresql + pgv8 + v8
hadoop + hive + thrift + OpenJDK
Ruby + Rails + sass + Unicorn
Redis + redis-sentinel
Python 3.0 + celery + pyredis + libcurl + ffmpeg + libopencv + nodejs +
phantomjs
Python 2.7 + Flask + pyredis + celery + psycopg + postgresql-client
Development VM
QA server
Public Cloud
Disaster recovery
Contributor’s laptop
Production Servers
The ChallengeMultiplicityofStacks
Multiplicityof
hardware
environments
Production Cluster
Customer Data Center
Doservicesandapps
interact
appropriately?
CanImigrate
smoothlyand
quickly?

12. Results in N X N compatibility nightmare
Static website
Web frontend
Background workers
User DB
Analytics DB
Queue
Development
VM
QA Server
Single Prod
Server
Onsite
Cluster
Public Cloud
Contributor’s
laptop
Customer
Servers
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ?

13. A useful analogy…

14. MultiplicityofGoods
Multipilicityof
methodsfor
transporting/storing
DoIworryabout
howgoodsinteract
(e.g.coffeebeans
nexttospices)
CanItransportquickly
andsmoothly
(e.g.fromboattotrain
totruck)
Cargo Transport Pre-1960

15. ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Also an NxN Matrix

16. Contents
• The challenge
• The solution

17. MultiplicityofGoods
Multiplicityof
methodsfor
transporting/storing
DoIworryabout
howgoodsinteract
(e.g.coffeebeans
nexttospices)
CanItransport
quicklyandsmoothly
(e.g.fromboatto
traintotruck)
Solution: Intermodal Shipping Container
…in between, can be loaded and
unloaded, stacked, transported
efficiently over long distances,
and transferred from one mode
of transport to another
A standard container that is
loaded with virtually any
goods, and stays sealed until
it reaches final delivery.

18. This eliminated the NXN problem…

19. and spawned an Intermodal Shipping Container Ecosystem
• 90% of all cargo now shipped in a standard container
• Order of magnitude reduction in cost and time to load and unload ships
• Massive reduction in losses due to theft or damage
• Huge reduction in freight cost as percent of final goods (from >25% to <3%)
 massive globalizations
• 5000 ships deliver 200M containers per year

20. Static website Web frontendUser DB Queue Analytics DB
Development
VM
QA server Public Cloud Contributor’s
laptop
Docker is a shipping container system for
code
MultiplicityofStacks
Multiplicityof
hardware
environments
Production
Cluster
Customer Data
Center
Doservicesandapps
interact
appropriately?
CanImigrate
smoothlyandquickly
…that can be manipulated using
standard operations and run
consistently on virtually any
hardware platform
An engine that enables any
payload to be encapsulated
as a lightweight, portable,
self-sufficient container…

21. Static website Web frontendUser DB Queue Analytics DB
Development
VM
QA server Public Cloud Contributor’s
laptop
Or…put more simplyMultiplicityofStacks
Multiplicityof
hardware
environments
Production
Cluster
Customer Data
Center
Doservicesandapps
interact
appropriately?
CanImigrate
smoothlyandquickly
Operator: Configure Once, Run
Anything
Developer: Build Once, Run
Anywhere (Finally)

22. Static website
Web frontend
Background workers
User DB
Analytics DB
Queue
Development
VM
QA Server
Single Prod
Server
Onsite
Cluster
Public Cloud
Contributor’s
laptop
Customer
Servers
Docker solves the NXN problem

23. Why containers matter
Physical Containers Docker
Content Agnostic The same container can hold almost any
type of cargo
Can encapsulate any payload and its
dependencies
Hardware Agnostic Standard shape and interface allow same
container to move from ship to train to
semi-truck to warehouse to crane
without being modified or opened
Using operating system primitives (e.g. LXC)
can run consistently on virtually any
hardware—VMs, bare metal, openstack,
public IAAS, etc.—without modification
Content Isolation and
Interaction
No worry about anvils crushing bananas.
Containers can be stacked and shipped
together
Resource, network, and content isolation.
Avoids dependency hell
Automation Standard interfaces make it easy to
automate loading, unloading, moving,
etc.
Standard operations to run, start, stop,
commit, search, etc. Perfect for devops: CI,
CD, autoscaling, hybrid clouds
Highly efficient No opening or modification, quick to
move between waypoints
Lightweight, virtually no perf or start-up
penalty, quick to move and manipulate
Separation of duties Shipper worries about inside of box,
carrier worries about outside of box
Developer worries about code. Ops worries
about infrastructure.

24. Container
• A container is a stripped-to-basics (mimic OS kernel) version of
a Linux operating system.

25. Image
• An image is software you load into a container.
• hello-world: is simple app, can do a simple task as echo
• Wordpress: is complex app, run database, wait for data, ...
• or setup Ubuntu bash shell

26. App
A
Containers vs. VMs
Hypervisor (Type 2)
Host OS
Server
Guest
OS
Bins/
Libs
App
A’
Guest
OS
Bins/
Libs
App
B
Guest
OS
Bins/
Libs
AppA’
Docker
Host OS
Server
Bins/Libs
AppA
Bins/Libs
AppB
AppB’
AppB’
AppB’
VM
Container
Containers are isolated,
but share OS and, where
appropriate, bins/libraries
Guest
OS
Guest
OS

27. Why are Docker containers lightweight?
Bins/
Libs
App
A
Original App
(No OS to take
up space, resources,
or require restart)
AppΔ
Bins/
App
A
Bins/
Libs
App
A’
Guest
OS
Bins/
Libs
Modified App
Union file system allows
us to only save the diffs
Between container A
and container
A’
VMs
Every app, every copy of an
app, and every slight modification
of the app requires a new virtual server
App
A
Guest
OS
Bins/
Libs
Copy of
App
No OS. Can
Share bins/libs
App
A
Guest
OS
Guest
OS
VMs Containers

28. Changes and Updates
Docker Engine
Docker
Container
Image
Registry
Docker Engine
Push
Update
Bins/
Libs
App
A
AppΔ
Bins/
Base
Container
Image
Host is now running A’’
Container
Mod A’’
AppΔ
Bins/
Bins/
Libs
App
A
Bins/
Bins/
Libs
App
A’’
Host running A wants to upgrade to A’’.
Requests update. Gets only diffs
Container
Mod A’