in this presentation i demonstrated all of the testings that can be done to improve the continuous delivery system in the development process of software in the end i have demonstrated what TDD is and what are it's benefits after the slides i demonstrated the TDD methodology by building a small project(a simple stack) with three rules of TDD.
Different Methodologies For Testing Web Application TestingRachel Davis
The document discusses different methodologies for testing web applications, including functionality testing, performance testing, usability testing, compatibility testing, unit testing, load testing, stress testing, and security testing. It provides details on each type of testing, including definitions and the pros and cons of functionality testing specifically. The key methodologies covered are functionality testing, which validates outputs against expected outputs; performance testing, which evaluates a system under pressure; and usability testing, which tests the user-friendliness of an application.
Successful Software Projects - What you need to considerLloydMoore
A successful software project is much more than just getting the code to compile and run. Building a successful piece of software requires multiple stages of planning and execution. The success or failure of the project will depend as much upon the processes used for development the project as the final project itself. This presentation is a high level survey of key processes and considerations that should be addressed for any project, from the beginning to end. When to use them, when they can be skipped and what the consequences can be if a process is skipped inappropriately.
The document discusses test-driven development (TDD) and how it helps software development through continuous feedback loops. TDD involves writing automated tests before code is written to drive the development process. This results in code that is modular, well-structured, and easy to modify through refactoring. The process of writing tests first helps clarify requirements and encourages loose coupling between components to facilitate testing. Multiple levels of testing, from unit to acceptance, provide feedback at different stages of development.
Unit testing validates that individual software units perform as designed. Integration testing exposes faults in interactions between integrated units. System testing evaluates a complete system's compliance with requirements. Acceptance testing assesses if a system is acceptable for delivery and meets business needs.
Foundation level testing Concepts,Non function testing ,Non-Functional testing ,Selenium Tool,
What is Software Testing Software Testing is an activity in software development.
It is an investigation performed against a software to provide information about the quality of the software to stakeholders.
Software testing is associated with the two terms.
Validation: Are we doing the right job?
Verification: Are we doing the job right?
Case study "Virtual Show Room" – VSR,water fall model,General Principles of Testing,
The General V-Model
Unit Testing
Component Testing
Integration Testing
System Testing
Acceptance Testing
1. The document discusses software testing and provides definitions, objectives, and types of testing. It defines testing as analyzing software to detect bugs and differences from requirements.
2. The primary objectives of testing are to design tests that systematically uncover errors with minimal time and effort. Exhaustive testing all possible inputs is not possible due to the large number of combinations.
3. White box testing uses the internal logic and structure of code to design test cases that execute all independent paths, loops, and internal data structures to ensure validity. It helps optimize code but does not ensure requirements are fulfilled and requires a skilled tester.
Agile Mumbai 2020 Conference | How to get the best ROI on Your Test Automati...AgileNetwork
- Writing automated tests takes a significant amount of time and effort, often resulting in test code that is twice or three times the size of the actual code being tested. This occurs because tests are written in isolation and dependencies must be mocked.
- A better approach is to write tests that focus on behaviors and public interfaces rather than implementation details. Tests should not break when implementation details change, only when public behaviors change. This allows for easier refactoring of code without breaking tests.
- Rather than focusing solely on unit tests, more effort should be put into system level testing which typically finds twice as many bugs. Tests can also be improved by designing them more formally and moving assertions directly into the code being tested.
Different Methodologies For Testing Web Application TestingRachel Davis
The document discusses different methodologies for testing web applications, including functionality testing, performance testing, usability testing, compatibility testing, unit testing, load testing, stress testing, and security testing. It provides details on each type of testing, including definitions and the pros and cons of functionality testing specifically. The key methodologies covered are functionality testing, which validates outputs against expected outputs; performance testing, which evaluates a system under pressure; and usability testing, which tests the user-friendliness of an application.
Successful Software Projects - What you need to considerLloydMoore
A successful software project is much more than just getting the code to compile and run. Building a successful piece of software requires multiple stages of planning and execution. The success or failure of the project will depend as much upon the processes used for development the project as the final project itself. This presentation is a high level survey of key processes and considerations that should be addressed for any project, from the beginning to end. When to use them, when they can be skipped and what the consequences can be if a process is skipped inappropriately.
The document discusses test-driven development (TDD) and how it helps software development through continuous feedback loops. TDD involves writing automated tests before code is written to drive the development process. This results in code that is modular, well-structured, and easy to modify through refactoring. The process of writing tests first helps clarify requirements and encourages loose coupling between components to facilitate testing. Multiple levels of testing, from unit to acceptance, provide feedback at different stages of development.
Unit testing validates that individual software units perform as designed. Integration testing exposes faults in interactions between integrated units. System testing evaluates a complete system's compliance with requirements. Acceptance testing assesses if a system is acceptable for delivery and meets business needs.
Foundation level testing Concepts,Non function testing ,Non-Functional testing ,Selenium Tool,
What is Software Testing Software Testing is an activity in software development.
It is an investigation performed against a software to provide information about the quality of the software to stakeholders.
Software testing is associated with the two terms.
Validation: Are we doing the right job?
Verification: Are we doing the job right?
Case study "Virtual Show Room" – VSR,water fall model,General Principles of Testing,
The General V-Model
Unit Testing
Component Testing
Integration Testing
System Testing
Acceptance Testing
1. The document discusses software testing and provides definitions, objectives, and types of testing. It defines testing as analyzing software to detect bugs and differences from requirements.
2. The primary objectives of testing are to design tests that systematically uncover errors with minimal time and effort. Exhaustive testing all possible inputs is not possible due to the large number of combinations.
3. White box testing uses the internal logic and structure of code to design test cases that execute all independent paths, loops, and internal data structures to ensure validity. It helps optimize code but does not ensure requirements are fulfilled and requires a skilled tester.
Agile Mumbai 2020 Conference | How to get the best ROI on Your Test Automati...AgileNetwork
- Writing automated tests takes a significant amount of time and effort, often resulting in test code that is twice or three times the size of the actual code being tested. This occurs because tests are written in isolation and dependencies must be mocked.
- A better approach is to write tests that focus on behaviors and public interfaces rather than implementation details. Tests should not break when implementation details change, only when public behaviors change. This allows for easier refactoring of code without breaking tests.
- Rather than focusing solely on unit tests, more effort should be put into system level testing which typically finds twice as many bugs. Tests can also be improved by designing them more formally and moving assertions directly into the code being tested.
Unit testing is a method where developers write code to test individual units or components of an application to determine if they are working as intended. The document discusses various aspects of unit testing including:
- What unit testing is and why it is important for finding defects early in development.
- Common unit testing techniques like statement coverage, branch coverage, and path coverage which aim to test all possible paths through the code.
- How unit testing fits into the software development lifecycle and is typically done by developers before handing code over for formal testing.
- Popular unit testing frameworks for different programming languages like JUnit for Java and NUnit for .NET.
The document provides examples to illustrate white box testing techniques
This document provides 5 insights to revolutionize software testing: 1) There are two types of code (experience and infrastructure) that require different testing approaches; 2) Testing should focus on capabilities rather than features; 3) Focus on testing techniques rather than individual test cases; 4) Testing should improve development rather than just find bugs; 5) Testing needs innovation to engage talent and avoid repetitive work. The author advocates shifting testing strategy to higher levels of abstraction and partnering with development to build quality in from the start.
This document discusses testing practices for PL/SQL code. It begins with a scenario showing inadequate testing approaches and then advocates for more rigorous unit testing. Specifically, it recommends writing unit tests before coding, with the goals of improving code design, interfaces, and modularity. Automated, repeatable unit tests are preferable to ad-hoc testing. Writing tests first helps ensure requirements are fully met and allows developers to know when a program is complete. While initially time-consuming, formal unit testing saves time by reducing bugs and catching errors earlier.
The document discusses object-oriented testing strategies and techniques. It covers unit testing of individual classes, integration testing of groups of classes, validation testing against requirements, and system testing. Interclass testing focuses on testing collaborations between classes during integration. Test cases should uniquely identify the class under test, state the test purpose and steps, and list expected states, messages, exceptions, and external dependencies.
This document provides an overview of test-driven development (TDD) and the use of mock objects. It defines key TDD concepts like unit tests, test fixtures, test methods, and test suites. It explains that the goal of unit tests is to test individual classes and methods in isolation. The document discusses different types of testing like functionality testing, integration testing, and system testing. It emphasizes that unit tests using mock objects are the smallest and most focused type of testing. The document outlines the TDD process of writing a test, making it fail, writing code to pass the test, refactoring code, and repeating. It explains benefits of TDD like reducing bugs and enabling safe refactoring. It also discusses principles
This document provides an overview of topics related to implementing a software system design and ensuring it works properly. It discusses documentation of the system and code, testing approaches like unit testing, integration testing, and validation testing. It also covers related tasks like installation, training users, and ongoing maintenance. The goal is to translate the design into a working software system that meets requirements and can be effectively used.
Software Testing
Different Types of Software Testing
Verification
Validation
Unit Testing
Beta Testing
Alpha Testing
Black Box Testing
White Box testing
Error
Bug
Testing is the process of identifying errors, completeness and quality of software. It involves executing programs under different conditions to check if they meet specifications and functionality. The objectives of testing are to uncover errors, demonstrate a software product matches requirements, and validate quality with minimum cost. Testing follows a life cycle including test planning, case design, execution, and reporting defects. Different methodologies include black box which tests external functionality without code knowledge, and white box which tests internal code coverage. Testing levels are unit, integration and system.
The document provides an overview of software testing techniques and strategies. It discusses unit testing, integration testing, validation testing, system testing, and debugging. The key points covered include:
- Unit testing involves testing individual software modules or components in isolation from the rest of the system. This includes testing module interfaces, data structures, boundary conditions, and error handling paths.
- Integration testing combines software components into clusters or builds to test their interactions before full system integration. Approaches include top-down and bottom-up integration.
- Validation testing verifies that the software meets the intended requirements and customer expectations defined in validation criteria.
- System testing evaluates the fully integrated software system, including recovery, security, stress,
Now to answer, “What is Testing?” we can go by the famous definition of Myers, which says, “Testing is the process of executing a program with the intent of finding errors”
The document discusses various aspects of software testing such as the definitions of testing, different testing methodologies like black box and white box testing, testing levels from unit to acceptance testing, and performance testing types including stress, recovery, and compatibility testing. It also covers testing tools, test plans, test cases, and the software development life cycle.
The document discusses various topics related to software testing including:
1. The goals of testing are to prevent bugs through early testing and reduce perceived risk of software not working through testing.
2. There are different phases of testing including unit, integration, and system testing with different objectives at each level.
3. Effective testing requires models of the software, environment, potential bugs, and tests themselves which are refined based on unexpected results.
4. Oracles or specifications of expected test outcomes are needed to conduct rigorous testing and reduce the effort of predicting outcomes for each test. Prior test suites and commercial oracles can provide expected outcomes.
Ever tried doing Test First Test Driven Development? Ever failed? TDD is not easy to get right. Here's some practical advice on doing BDD and TDD correctly. This presentation attempts to explain to you why, what, and how you should test, tell you about the FIRST principles of tests, the connections of unit testing and the SOLID principles, writing testable code, test doubles, the AAA of unit testing, and some practical ideas about structuring tests.
Integration testing is the phase in software testing in which individual software modules are combined and tested as a group. Read complete guide of integration testing types and tools here.
Testing software is important to uncover errors before delivery to customers. There are various techniques for systematically designing test cases, including white box and black box testing. White box testing involves examining the internal logic and paths of a program, while black box testing focuses on inputs and outputs without viewing internal logic. The goal of testing is to find the maximum number of errors with minimum effort.
This document provides an overview of software testing concepts and best practices. It defines key terms like errors, defects, and failures. It describes different testing approaches like black box and white box testing. It also outlines different testing levels from unit to system testing. The document emphasizes that testing aims to find defects, but it's impossible to test all possibilities. It stresses the importance of test planning, test cases, defect reports, and regression testing with new versions.
This document discusses using agile acceptance tests (AAT) to improve communication between business, development, and testing teams by moving business rules and requirements into automated tests. AAT involve collaboratively building examples during specification workshops that serve as both requirements and tests. This ensures the software meets customer expectations and focuses development. AAT provide benefits like early detection of gaps, improved understanding across roles, and living documentation of the project.
The document provides an introduction to software testing. It discusses that software testing verifies and validates that software meets requirements and works as expected. The main purposes of testing are verification, validation, and defect finding. Examples of why software testing is important are provided. The document outlines what is tested, who does the testing, and strategies for unit testing, integration testing, regression testing, validation testing, system testing, stress testing, and performance testing.
E-Invoicing Implementation: A Step-by-Step Guide for Saudi Arabian CompaniesQuickdice ERP
Explore the seamless transition to e-invoicing with this comprehensive guide tailored for Saudi Arabian businesses. Navigate the process effortlessly with step-by-step instructions designed to streamline implementation and enhance efficiency.
Unit testing is a method where developers write code to test individual units or components of an application to determine if they are working as intended. The document discusses various aspects of unit testing including:
- What unit testing is and why it is important for finding defects early in development.
- Common unit testing techniques like statement coverage, branch coverage, and path coverage which aim to test all possible paths through the code.
- How unit testing fits into the software development lifecycle and is typically done by developers before handing code over for formal testing.
- Popular unit testing frameworks for different programming languages like JUnit for Java and NUnit for .NET.
The document provides examples to illustrate white box testing techniques
This document provides 5 insights to revolutionize software testing: 1) There are two types of code (experience and infrastructure) that require different testing approaches; 2) Testing should focus on capabilities rather than features; 3) Focus on testing techniques rather than individual test cases; 4) Testing should improve development rather than just find bugs; 5) Testing needs innovation to engage talent and avoid repetitive work. The author advocates shifting testing strategy to higher levels of abstraction and partnering with development to build quality in from the start.
This document discusses testing practices for PL/SQL code. It begins with a scenario showing inadequate testing approaches and then advocates for more rigorous unit testing. Specifically, it recommends writing unit tests before coding, with the goals of improving code design, interfaces, and modularity. Automated, repeatable unit tests are preferable to ad-hoc testing. Writing tests first helps ensure requirements are fully met and allows developers to know when a program is complete. While initially time-consuming, formal unit testing saves time by reducing bugs and catching errors earlier.
The document discusses object-oriented testing strategies and techniques. It covers unit testing of individual classes, integration testing of groups of classes, validation testing against requirements, and system testing. Interclass testing focuses on testing collaborations between classes during integration. Test cases should uniquely identify the class under test, state the test purpose and steps, and list expected states, messages, exceptions, and external dependencies.
This document provides an overview of test-driven development (TDD) and the use of mock objects. It defines key TDD concepts like unit tests, test fixtures, test methods, and test suites. It explains that the goal of unit tests is to test individual classes and methods in isolation. The document discusses different types of testing like functionality testing, integration testing, and system testing. It emphasizes that unit tests using mock objects are the smallest and most focused type of testing. The document outlines the TDD process of writing a test, making it fail, writing code to pass the test, refactoring code, and repeating. It explains benefits of TDD like reducing bugs and enabling safe refactoring. It also discusses principles
This document provides an overview of topics related to implementing a software system design and ensuring it works properly. It discusses documentation of the system and code, testing approaches like unit testing, integration testing, and validation testing. It also covers related tasks like installation, training users, and ongoing maintenance. The goal is to translate the design into a working software system that meets requirements and can be effectively used.
Software Testing
Different Types of Software Testing
Verification
Validation
Unit Testing
Beta Testing
Alpha Testing
Black Box Testing
White Box testing
Error
Bug
Testing is the process of identifying errors, completeness and quality of software. It involves executing programs under different conditions to check if they meet specifications and functionality. The objectives of testing are to uncover errors, demonstrate a software product matches requirements, and validate quality with minimum cost. Testing follows a life cycle including test planning, case design, execution, and reporting defects. Different methodologies include black box which tests external functionality without code knowledge, and white box which tests internal code coverage. Testing levels are unit, integration and system.
The document provides an overview of software testing techniques and strategies. It discusses unit testing, integration testing, validation testing, system testing, and debugging. The key points covered include:
- Unit testing involves testing individual software modules or components in isolation from the rest of the system. This includes testing module interfaces, data structures, boundary conditions, and error handling paths.
- Integration testing combines software components into clusters or builds to test their interactions before full system integration. Approaches include top-down and bottom-up integration.
- Validation testing verifies that the software meets the intended requirements and customer expectations defined in validation criteria.
- System testing evaluates the fully integrated software system, including recovery, security, stress,
Now to answer, “What is Testing?” we can go by the famous definition of Myers, which says, “Testing is the process of executing a program with the intent of finding errors”
The document discusses various aspects of software testing such as the definitions of testing, different testing methodologies like black box and white box testing, testing levels from unit to acceptance testing, and performance testing types including stress, recovery, and compatibility testing. It also covers testing tools, test plans, test cases, and the software development life cycle.
The document discusses various topics related to software testing including:
1. The goals of testing are to prevent bugs through early testing and reduce perceived risk of software not working through testing.
2. There are different phases of testing including unit, integration, and system testing with different objectives at each level.
3. Effective testing requires models of the software, environment, potential bugs, and tests themselves which are refined based on unexpected results.
4. Oracles or specifications of expected test outcomes are needed to conduct rigorous testing and reduce the effort of predicting outcomes for each test. Prior test suites and commercial oracles can provide expected outcomes.
Ever tried doing Test First Test Driven Development? Ever failed? TDD is not easy to get right. Here's some practical advice on doing BDD and TDD correctly. This presentation attempts to explain to you why, what, and how you should test, tell you about the FIRST principles of tests, the connections of unit testing and the SOLID principles, writing testable code, test doubles, the AAA of unit testing, and some practical ideas about structuring tests.
Integration testing is the phase in software testing in which individual software modules are combined and tested as a group. Read complete guide of integration testing types and tools here.
Testing software is important to uncover errors before delivery to customers. There are various techniques for systematically designing test cases, including white box and black box testing. White box testing involves examining the internal logic and paths of a program, while black box testing focuses on inputs and outputs without viewing internal logic. The goal of testing is to find the maximum number of errors with minimum effort.
This document provides an overview of software testing concepts and best practices. It defines key terms like errors, defects, and failures. It describes different testing approaches like black box and white box testing. It also outlines different testing levels from unit to system testing. The document emphasizes that testing aims to find defects, but it's impossible to test all possibilities. It stresses the importance of test planning, test cases, defect reports, and regression testing with new versions.
This document discusses using agile acceptance tests (AAT) to improve communication between business, development, and testing teams by moving business rules and requirements into automated tests. AAT involve collaboratively building examples during specification workshops that serve as both requirements and tests. This ensures the software meets customer expectations and focuses development. AAT provide benefits like early detection of gaps, improved understanding across roles, and living documentation of the project.
The document provides an introduction to software testing. It discusses that software testing verifies and validates that software meets requirements and works as expected. The main purposes of testing are verification, validation, and defect finding. Examples of why software testing is important are provided. The document outlines what is tested, who does the testing, and strategies for unit testing, integration testing, regression testing, validation testing, system testing, stress testing, and performance testing.
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Explore the seamless transition to e-invoicing with this comprehensive guide tailored for Saudi Arabian businesses. Navigate the process effortlessly with step-by-step instructions designed to streamline implementation and enhance efficiency.
Unveiling the Advantages of Agile Software Development.pdfbrainerhub1
Learn about Agile Software Development's advantages. Simplify your workflow to spur quicker innovation. Jump right in! We have also discussed the advantages.
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UI5con 2024 - Boost Your Development Experience with UI5 Tooling ExtensionsPeter Muessig
The UI5 tooling is the development and build tooling of UI5. It is built in a modular and extensible way so that it can be easily extended by your needs. This session will showcase various tooling extensions which can boost your development experience by far so that you can really work offline, transpile your code in your project to use even newer versions of EcmaScript (than 2022 which is supported right now by the UI5 tooling), consume any npm package of your choice in your project, using different kind of proxies, and even stitching UI5 projects during development together to mimic your target environment.
What to do when you have a perfect model for your software but you are constrained by an imperfect business model?
This talk explores the challenges of bringing modelling rigour to the business and strategy levels, and talking to your non-technical counterparts in the process.
Transform Your Communication with Cloud-Based IVR SolutionsTheSMSPoint
Discover the power of Cloud-Based IVR Solutions to streamline communication processes. Embrace scalability and cost-efficiency while enhancing customer experiences with features like automated call routing and voice recognition. Accessible from anywhere, these solutions integrate seamlessly with existing systems, providing real-time analytics for continuous improvement. Revolutionize your communication strategy today with Cloud-Based IVR Solutions. Learn more at: https://thesmspoint.com/channel/cloud-telephony
SOCRadar's Aviation Industry Q1 Incident Report is out now!
The aviation industry has always been a prime target for cybercriminals due to its critical infrastructure and high stakes. In the first quarter of 2024, the sector faced an alarming surge in cybersecurity threats, revealing its vulnerabilities and the relentless sophistication of cyber attackers.
SOCRadar’s Aviation Industry, Quarterly Incident Report, provides an in-depth analysis of these threats, detected and examined through our extensive monitoring of hacker forums, Telegram channels, and dark web platforms.
Artificia Intellicence and XPath Extension FunctionsOctavian Nadolu
The purpose of this presentation is to provide an overview of how you can use AI from XSLT, XQuery, Schematron, or XML Refactoring operations, the potential benefits of using AI, and some of the challenges we face.
Hand Rolled Applicative User ValidationCode KataPhilip Schwarz
Could you use a simple piece of Scala validation code (granted, a very simplistic one too!) that you can rewrite, now and again, to refresh your basic understanding of Applicative operators <*>, <*, *>?
The goal is not to write perfect code showcasing validation, but rather, to provide a small, rough-and ready exercise to reinforce your muscle-memory.
Despite its grandiose-sounding title, this deck consists of just three slides showing the Scala 3 code to be rewritten whenever the details of the operators begin to fade away.
The code is my rough and ready translation of a Haskell user-validation program found in a book called Finding Success (and Failure) in Haskell - Fall in love with applicative functors.
UI5con 2024 - Keynote: Latest News about UI5 and it’s EcosystemPeter Muessig
Learn about the latest innovations in and around OpenUI5/SAPUI5: UI5 Tooling, UI5 linter, UI5 Web Components, Web Components Integration, UI5 2.x, UI5 GenAI.
Recording:
https://www.youtube.com/live/MSdGLG2zLy8?si=INxBHTqkwHhxV5Ta&t=0
Measures in SQL (SIGMOD 2024, Santiago, Chile)Julian Hyde
SQL has attained widespread adoption, but Business Intelligence tools still use their own higher level languages based upon a multidimensional paradigm. Composable calculations are what is missing from SQL, and we propose a new kind of column, called a measure, that attaches a calculation to a table. Like regular tables, tables with measures are composable and closed when used in queries.
SQL-with-measures has the power, conciseness and reusability of multidimensional languages but retains SQL semantics. Measure invocations can be expanded in place to simple, clear SQL.
To define the evaluation semantics for measures, we introduce context-sensitive expressions (a way to evaluate multidimensional expressions that is consistent with existing SQL semantics), a concept called evaluation context, and several operations for setting and modifying the evaluation context.
A talk at SIGMOD, June 9–15, 2024, Santiago, Chile
Authors: Julian Hyde (Google) and John Fremlin (Google)
https://doi.org/10.1145/3626246.3653374
Flutter is a popular open source, cross-platform framework developed by Google. In this webinar we'll explore Flutter and its architecture, delve into the Flutter Embedder and Flutter’s Dart language, discover how to leverage Flutter for embedded device development, learn about Automotive Grade Linux (AGL) and its consortium and understand the rationale behind AGL's choice of Flutter for next-gen IVI systems. Don’t miss this opportunity to discover whether Flutter is right for your project.
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Microsoft has added an excellent new extension in PostgreSQL on their Azure Platform. This session, presented at Posette 2024, covers what Query Store is and the types of information you can get out of it.
Using Query Store in Azure PostgreSQL to Understand Query Performance
Testing In Software Engineering
1. Testing In Software Engineering
Kian Saha
f
i - Spring 2023
Testing Software - TDD
2. "Professional developers test their code. But testing is not simply a matter of writing a few unit tests or a few acceptance tests.
Writing these tests is a good thing, but it is far from suf
fi
cient. What every professional development team needs is a good
testing strategy. “
-Robert C. Martin
3. Testing Strategies
The Test Automation Pyramid
Professional developers employ the discipline of Test Driven Development
to create unit tests. Professional development teams use acceptance tests
to specify their system, and continuous integration to prevent regression.
4. The Test Automation Pyramid
Or Junit (For Java)
This Figure shows the Test Automation Pyramid,2 a graphical depiction of the kinds of tests
that a professional development organization needs.
5. Unit Test
• At the bottom of the pyramid are the unit tests. These tests are written by
programmers, for programmers, in the programming language of the
system. The intent of these tests is to specify the system at the lowest
level. Developers write these tests before writing production code as a
way to specify what they are about to write. They are executed as part of
Continuous Integration to ensure that the intent of the programmers’ is
upheld.
• Unit tests provide as close to 100% coverage as is practical. Generally this
number should be somewhere in the 90s. And it should be true coverage
as opposed to false tests that execute code without asserting its behavior.
6. Component Tests
• Generally they are written against individual components of the system. The components of
the system encapsulate the business rules, so the tests for those components are the
acceptance tests for those business rules.
• As depicted in this Figure a component test wraps a component. It passes input data into
the component and gathers output data from it. It tests that the output matches the input.
Any other system components are decoupled from the test using appropriate mocking and
test-doubling techniques.
• Component tests are written by QA and Business with assistance from development. They are
composed in a component-testing environment such as FITNESSE, JBehave, or Cucumber.
(GUI components are tested with GUI testing environments such as Selenium or Watir.) The
intent is that the business should be able to read and interpret these tests, if not author them.
• Component tests cover roughly half the system. They are directed more towards happy-path
situations and very obvious corner, boundary, and alternate-path cases. The vast majority of
unhappy-path cases are covered by unit tests and are meaningless at the level of component
tests.
7. Integration Tests
• These tests only have meaning for larger systems that have many components. As
shown in the Figure, these tests assemble groups of components and test how well
they communicate with each other. The other components of the system are
decoupled as usual with appropriate mocks and test-doubles.
• Integration tests are choreography tests. They do not test business rules. Rather, they
test how well the assembly of components dances together. They are plumbing tests
that make sure that the components are properly connected and can clearly
communicate with each other.
• Integration tests are typically written by the system architects, or lead designers, of
the system. The tests ensure that the architectural structure of the system is sound. It
is at this level that we might see performance and throughput tests.
• Integration tests are typically written in the same language and environment as
component tests. They are typically not executed as part of the Continuous
Integration suite, because they often have longer runtimes. Instead, these tests are
run periodically (nightly, weekly, etc.) as deemed necessary by their authors.
8. System Tests
• These are automated tests that execute against the entire integrated system. They are
the ultimate integration tests. They do not test business rules directly. Rather, they test
that the system has been wired together correctly and its parts interoperate according
to plan. We would expect to see throughput and performance tests in this suite.
• These tests are written by the system architects and technical leads. Typically they are
written in the same language and environment as integration tests for the UI. They are
executed relatively infrequently depending on their duration, but the more frequently
the better.
• System tests cover perhaps 10% of the system. This is because their intent is not to
ensure correct system behavior, but correct system construction. The correct behavior
of the underlying code and components have already been ascertained by the lower
layers of the pyramid.
9. Manual Exploratory Tests
• This is where humans put their hands on the keyboards and their eyes on the screens.
These tests are not automated, nor are they scripted. The intent of these tests is to explore
the system for unexpected behaviors while con
f
irming expected behaviors. Toward that
end we need human brains, with human creativity, working to investigate and explore the
system. Creating a written test plan for this kind of testing defeats the purpose.
• Some teams will have specialists do this work. Other teams will simply declare a day or two
of “bug hunting” in which as many people as possible, including managers, secretaries,
programmers, testers, and tech writers, “bang” on the system to see if they can make it
break.
• The goal is not coverage. We are not going to prove out every business rule and every
execution pathway with these tests. Rather, the goal is to ensure that the system behaves
well under human operation and to creatively
f
ind as many “peculiarities” as possible.
10. What the Heck is TDD?
And why am I hearing this much about it?
• It has been over ten years since Test Driven Development (TDD) made its
debut in the industry. It came in as part of the Extreme Programming (XP)
wave, but has since been adopted by Scrum, and virtually all of the other
Agile methods. Even non-Agile teams practice TDD.
11. The Three Laws of TDD
1. You are not allowed to write any production code until you have
f
irst
written a failing unit test.
2. You are not allowed to write more of a unit test than is su
ff
icient to fail —
and not compiling is failing.
3. You are not allowed to write more production code that is su
ff
icient to
pass the currently failing unit test.
12. The Litany Of Bene
f
its
Is TDD any good?
Certainty
Defect Injection Rate
Courage
Documentation
Design
What if I write my tests later?
How certain? Certain enough to ship!
FITNESSE has 64,000 lines of code,
With 2,200 individual unit tests
With 90% coverage!
mission-critical application?
teams have experienced defect reductions
of 2X, 5X, and even 10X
Why don’t you
fi
x bad code when you see it?
what if you could be sure that your cleaning
did not break anything? When programmers lose the fear of cleaning, they clean!
third-party framework
Each of the unit tests you write is an example,
written in code, describing how the system should be used
The problem with testing code
is that you have to isolate that code
But the tests you write after the fact are defense.
The tests you write
fi
rst are o
ff
ense.
forces you to think about good design
13. What TDD is Not!
• For all its good points, TDD is not a religion or a magic formula. Following
the three laws does not guarantee any of these bene
f
its. You can still write
bad code even if you write your tests
f
irst. Indeed, you can write bad
tests.
• By the same token, there are times when following the three laws is simply
impractical or inappropriate. These situations are rare, but they exist.
•
14. Let’s code…
Didn’t Get any of it?
No problem. ;-)
Reference: Clean Coder - Robert C. Martin