Tree plantation

1. TENDING OPERATION
By
Saravanan K

2. TENDING OPERATION
Operation carried out for the benefits of forest crop at any
stage of its life .It is essentially covers operation on the crop
itself and competing for vegetation and include types;
• Weeding
• Cleaning
• Thinning
• Pruning
 Purpose of tending is producing higher quality timber and
thus maximising income.

3. WEEDING
• Weeding is defined as a tending operation done in the seedling stage
in the nursery or in a forest crop, that involves the removal or cutting
back of all weeds.
• Weeds are controlled by
 Mechanical methods
Biological methods
 Chemical methods

4. MECHANICAL METHODS
• Mechanical weed control generally uses some type of mechanical
implement pulled by a tractor to physically slice, chop, or uproot
small weeds. Mechanical weed control can also include mowing, hand
hoeing, or hand removal.

5. BIOLOGICAL METHODS
• Bioagent like insects, pathogen etc., and other animals are used to
control weeds. Insect and pathogens infest weeds and they either
reduce growth or kill weeds. Biological control method can reduce
weeds but it is not possible to eradicate weeds.

6. CHEMICAL METHODS
Chemicals that are used to kill
plants or weeds are called
herbicides. Soil surface
application: Herbicides are
usually applied to soil surface
to form a uniform herbicide
layer. The applied herbicides,
due to their low solubility
may penetrate only few
centimeters into the soil.

7. CLEANING
Used correctly, the term "cleaning" refers to the removal or killing of over topping
competitors that are significantly taller than the desired trees, and is usually done in the
sapling stage.

8. THINNING
• Thinning is an effective and powerful forest management tool that
promotes tree growth and restores forest health. When thinning,
forest operators remove slower-growing or defective trees to provide
more space for the remaining trees to grow.

9. PRUNING
• Pruning is the removal, close to the branch collar, of side branches
and multiple leaders from a standing tree (see
PLANTATION SILVICULTURE | High Pruning). It is widely practiced to
simulate natural branch mortality and increase the timber quality of
selected trees.