information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
Definition,
functions,
types of foundations,
foundation loads,
selection criteria for foundations based on soil conditions,
bearing capacity of soil,
methods of testing,
method of improving bearing capacity of soil,
settlement of foundations,
precautions against settlement,
shallow and deep foundations,
different types of foundations – wall footing (strip footing), isolated footing, combined footing, raft foundation, pile foundation etc.
This presentation will give the brief introduction to the specifications, its different types along with link to example of detailed specifications. Specifications of buildings and roads are discussed.
Definition,
functions,
types of foundations,
foundation loads,
selection criteria for foundations based on soil conditions,
bearing capacity of soil,
methods of testing,
method of improving bearing capacity of soil,
settlement of foundations,
precautions against settlement,
shallow and deep foundations,
different types of foundations – wall footing (strip footing), isolated footing, combined footing, raft foundation, pile foundation etc.
This presentation will give the brief introduction to the specifications, its different types along with link to example of detailed specifications. Specifications of buildings and roads are discussed.
Young's modulus by single cantilever methodPraveen Vaidya
Young's modulus is a method to find the elasticity of a given solid material. The present article gives the explanation how to perform the experiment to determine the young's modulus by the use of material in the form of cantilever. The single cantilever method is used here.
1. In this module we will determine the stress in a
beam caused by bending.
2. How to find the variation of the shear and
moment in these members.
3. Then once the internal moment is determined,
the maximum bending stress can be calculated.
This document gives the class notes of Unit 6: Bending and shear Stresses in beams. Subject: Mechanics of materials.
Syllabus contest is as per VTU, Belagavi, India.
Notes Compiled By: Hareesha N Gowda, Assistant Professor, DSCE, Bengaluru-78.
India is a rapidly urbanizing country with more than 30% of its population living in cities. This has led to a significant increase in demand for housing, infrastructure, and services. As a result, urban planning has become a critical aspect of India's economic and social development.
Contemporary urban planning in India aims to create sustainable, inclusive, and livable cities that can accommodate the needs of all citizens. It involves the integration of various disciplines, such as architecture, engineering, economics, and social sciences, to develop comprehensive plans that address the complex challenges of urbanization.
The Smart Cities Mission is a flagship program launched by the Indian government in 2015 to promote sustainable urban development. The mission aims to develop 100 smart cities across the country by leveraging technology and innovation.
Under this mission, cities are selected through a competitive process and provided with funding to implement projects related to infrastructure, mobility, energy, and governance. The goal is to create cities that are efficient, responsive, and citizen-friendly.
Mixed-use development is a key aspect of contemporary urban planning in India. It refers to the integration of different land uses, such as residential, commercial, and recreational, within the same area. This approach promotes walkability, reduces traffic congestion, and enhances social interaction.
Mixed-use development also supports the concept of transit-oriented development, which encourages the use of public transportation and reduces reliance on private vehicles. This approach can help to reduce air pollution and improve the overall quality of life in cities.
Green urbanism is an emerging concept in contemporary urban planning in India. It refers to the integration of green spaces, such as parks, gardens, and urban forests, within the urban fabric. This approach promotes biodiversity, improves air quality, and provides opportunities for recreation and relaxation.
Green urbanism also supports sustainable transportation modes, such as cycling and walking, and promotes the use of renewable energy sources. This approach can help to mitigate the impacts of climate change and create more resilient cities.
Green urbanism is an emerging concept in contemporary urban planning in India. It refers to the integration of green spaces, such as parks, gardens, and urban forests, within the urban fabric. This approach promotes biodiversity, improves air quality, and provides opportunities for recreation and relaxation.
Green urbanism also supports sustainable transportation modes, such as cycling and walking, and promotes the use of renewable energy sources. This approach can help to mitigate the impacts of climate change and create more resilient cities.
Green urbanism is an emerging concept in contemporary urban planning in India. It refers to the integration of green spaces, such as parks, gardens, and urban forests, within the urban fabric.
From Single Function to Integrated: The Evolution of Computer Integrated Buil...Simran Vats
Intelligent design and construction refer to the process of designing and building structures using advanced technology and innovative techniques. This approach involves a combination of engineering, architecture, and technology to create buildings that are not only aesthetically pleasing but also functional and sustainable.
The goal of intelligent design and construction is to optimize the use of resources and minimize waste. This approach involves the use of smart materials, energy-efficient systems, and innovative construction methods that reduce the carbon footprint of buildings.
As technology continues to advance, the demands placed on buildings and services are also increasing. There is a growing need for buildings to be equipped with advanced IT systems that can monitor and control various functions such as lighting, heating, ventilation, and security.
This has led to the development of intelligent building management systems that can integrate these functions into a single platform, making it easier for users to manage and control them.
User IT systems are becoming increasingly important in our daily lives, with the rise of smartphones, tablets, and other mobile devices. These systems allow us to access information and services on the go, making our lives more convenient and efficient.
In the context of building and services, user IT systems can be used to control and monitor various functions such as lighting, temperature, and security. This can lead to improved energy efficiency, cost savings, and increased comfort for users.
The Art of Intelligent Design and ConstructionSimran Vats
Intelligent design and construction refer to the process of designing and building structures using advanced technology and innovative techniques. This approach involves a combination of engineering, architecture, and technology to create buildings that are not only aesthetically pleasing but also functional and sustainable.
The goal of intelligent design and construction is to optimize the use of resources and minimize waste. This approach involves the use of smart materials, energy-efficient systems, and innovative construction methods that reduce the carbon footprint of buildings.
Smart materials are an essential component of intelligent design and construction. These materials have unique properties that allow them to respond to external stimuli such as temperature, humidity, and light. They can change their shape, color, or texture in response to these stimuli, making them ideal for use in building facades, roofs, and interior walls.
Examples of smart materials used in intelligent design and construction include shape-memory alloys, self-healing concrete, and electrochromic glass. These materials offer numerous benefits, including improved energy efficiency, reduced maintenance costs, and enhanced durability.
Energy-efficient systems are another critical aspect of intelligent design and construction. These systems include HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning), lighting, and renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. By using these systems, buildings can reduce their energy consumption and carbon emissions.
Intelligent design and construction also involve the use of smart controls and sensors that monitor energy usage and adjust systems accordingly. For example, lighting systems can be programmed to turn off when no one is in the room, and HVAC systems can adjust the temperature based on occupancy levels.
Intelligent design and construction represent the future of building design and construction. As society becomes increasingly aware of the need for sustainable and environmentally friendly buildings, this approach will become more prevalent.
Advances in technology and materials science will continue to drive innovation in intelligent design and construction, leading to even more efficient and sustainable buildings. As we move towards a greener and more sustainable future, intelligent design and construction will play a crucial role in shaping our built environment.
Building with the Earth: The Role of Technology in Vernacular ArchitectureSimran Vats
Vernacular architecture is a style of building that uses local materials and traditional construction techniques. It is an approach that has been used for centuries in various parts of the world, and it continues to be relevant today.
The use of vernacular materials and construction technology is an essential aspect of vernacular architecture. This presentation will explore the role of construction technology in vernacular architecture and highlight the importance of using local materials in building design.
Vernacular Materials
Vernacular materials are those that are locally available and commonly used in building construction. These materials include mud, stone, timber, thatch, and bamboo, among others.
The use of vernacular materials is important because they are readily available and affordable, making them accessible to local communities. Additionally, they have proven durability and can withstand harsh weather conditions, which is essential in areas prone to natural disasters.
Construction Technology
Construction technology refers to the tools, methods, and techniques used in building construction. In vernacular architecture, construction technology is often simple and relies on manual labor rather than machinery.
The use of construction technology in vernacular architecture is essential because it allows for the efficient and effective use of local materials. For example, traditional techniques such as adobe brickmaking and rammed earth construction allow for the creation of sturdy structures using only mud and other locally available materials.
Cultural Significance
Vernacular architecture is not only practical but also culturally significant. It reflects the traditions, beliefs, and values of local communities and serves as a reminder of their heritage.
By using local materials and construction technology, vernacular architecture also promotes sustainability and reduces the environmental impact of building construction. It is a way of building that is rooted in the local context and respects the natural environment.
Contemporary Applications
While vernacular architecture has deep roots in history, it is still relevant in contemporary building design. Architects and designers continue to draw inspiration from vernacular architecture and incorporate local materials and construction techniques into their projects.
In addition to promoting sustainability and cultural preservation, the use of vernacular materials and construction technology can also create unique and visually striking buildings that stand out in their surroundings.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the use of vernacular materials and construction technology is an essential aspect of vernacular architecture. It promotes sustainability, cultural preservation, and creates unique and visually striking buildings.
As architects and designers continue to explore new ways of incorporating local materials and construction techniques into their projects, vernacular architecture will remain a
Building Resilience: Vernacular Strategies for Disaster-resistant Structures ...Simran Vats
India is a country that is prone to various disasters such as earthquakes, floods, cyclones, and landslides. These disasters have caused immense damage to life and property in the past.
One of the ways to mitigate the impact of these disasters is by constructing disaster-resistant structures using vernacular strategies.
Vernacular Strategies for Flood-Resistant Structures
In flood-prone areas, houses are constructed on raised platforms or stilts to prevent water from entering the house. The walls of the houses are made of materials that can withstand water damage such as bamboo, mud, and bricks.
Additionally, the roofs of the houses are sloped to allow rainwater to run off easily, and windows are placed at a higher level to prevent water from entering the house during floods.
Vernacular Strategies for Cyclone-Resistant Structures
In cyclone-prone areas, houses are constructed using materials that can withstand high winds such as bamboo, thatch, and mud. The roofs of the houses are sloped and reinforced to prevent them from being blown away.
Additionally, the windows of the houses are fitted with shutters to protect them from flying debris and the doors are made of strong materials to prevent them from being blown open.
Vernacular Strategies for Landslide-Resistant Structures
In landslide-prone areas, houses are constructed on stable ground and away from steep slopes. The houses are also designed to be lightweight and flexible to absorb the impact of landslides.
Furthermore, the houses are constructed using materials that can withstand the force of landslides such as bamboo, wood, and steel. The roofs of the houses are also sloped to allow rainwater to run off easily and prevent soil erosion.
Conclusion
Vernacular strategies for disaster-resistant structures have been developed over centuries by communities living in disaster-prone areas. These strategies not only help in mitigating the impact of disasters but also provide sustainable solutions that are cost-effective and environmentally friendly.
By incorporating these strategies into modern construction practices, we can create disaster-resistant structures that are resilient and can withstand the challenges posed by natural disasters.
Poverty is scarcity, dearth, or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material
possessions or money. It includes low incomes and the inability to acquire the basic
goods and services necessary for survival with dignity
According to Mobile Orshansky who developed the poverty measurements used
by the U.S. government, “Poor is to be deprived of those goods, services and
pleasures which others around us take for granted.”
According to David Kurten, Poverty also involves social disintegration and
environmental degradation which he describes as forming the threefold human
crisis in the world today
Detailed specification of an item of work specifies the quantities of materials, proportion of mortar, workmanship, method of preparation & execution and method of measurement.
Detailed specifications of different items of works are prepared separately and describe what the work should be and these shall be executed and constructed.
paneled and glazed with iron fittings.
Each project has so many components.
It is not possible to give details to every item of work regarding quality of material and workmanship on the working drawing.
Therefore, a document containing description of materials, method of completing the work , quality of workmanship and precautions is attached with the estimate.
Before starting any work one must know detailed specification for the following reasons:
These describe the nature, class of the work and method of construction.
These give the idea for materials to be used in the work.
Total cost of project depends upon specifications adopted, strength & availability of materials.
Green architecture, or green design, is an approach to building that minimizes harmful effects on human health and the environment.
The "green" architect or designer attempts to safeguard air, water, and earth by choosing eco-friendly building materials and construction practices.
A SETTLEMENT IS A PLACE WHERE PEOPLE LIVE.
A SETTLEMENT MAY BE AS SMALL AS A SINGLE HOUSE IN A REMOTE AREA OR AS LARGE AS A MEGA CITY.
A SETTLEMENT MAY ALSO BE PERMANENT OR TEMPORARY (REFUGEE CAMP). AND A TEMPORARY SETTLEMENT MAY BECOME PERMANENT OVER TIME.
Forms of human settlements, Urban and Rural forms, settelments, cities, Linear city , radial city,villages, hamlets, dwelings, ec.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
3. The cantilever cut at XX
shows a couple in which
the upper part of the
cantilever gets a tension
force of T and the lower
part gets a compressive
force of C with ‘a’ as the
arm.
This couple has to be
resisted by the material
of the cantilever. The
moment of the resisting
couple is called the
“moment of resistance”.
4. At every beam section subjected to bending moment, the
moment of resistance will equal the bending moment, when
the beam has deflected to its position of equilibrium.
The general problem of beam design is to determine a
suitable size and shape for the beam section so that the
beam particles/fibers are not excessively stressed and that
the material of the beam is used economically.
Definition of Moment of Resistance (MR):
The moment of resistance of a beam section is the moment
of the couple which is set up at the section by the
longitudinal forces created in the beam by its deflection.
5. The diagram shows the elevation of a simple beam. The lower diagram shows
the
beam bent under the action of bending moment. In every bent beam there is a
layer of material which gets neither longer nor shorter when the when the
beam deflects.
This is termed as the ‘neutral layer’ of the beam.
Neutral Axis
The ‘neutral axis’ of a beam section is the straight line in which the neutral
layer of the beam cuts that particular section. It represents the position in the
beam section where there is no stress or strain.
6.
7. Variation of Stress and Strain in a Beam Section
The diagram clearly shows that beam layers above the neutral axis will be
shortened and those below the neutral layer will b lengthened. Therefore all the
material/fibers above the neutral axis will be in compressive strain and hence
compressive stress and Those below the neutral axis will be in tensile strain and
hence tensile stress.
In case of negative bending as in a cantilever the upper fibers will be in tension
and the lower in compression. It must be appreciated that a vertical plane cross
section of a beam before bending remains plane (i.e. flat) after bending.
Concave upward Convex upward
Positive bending
caused by a positive
BM
Negative bending
caused by negative
BM
8. In the diagram above ‘AB’ and ‘CD’ represent two cross sections of the beam .
These are assumed to be very close together so that the beam layers between
them may be assumed to deflect to the arcs of concentric circles. In the latter
figure ‘NA’ and ‘LC’ are straight lines The beam layers are subjected to a
shortening in length from length ‘NL to ‘AC’ in a proportionate manner as we
proceed upward from ‘NL’. The amount of shortening is directly proportionate
to the distance of the particular layer from the neutral layer.
9. As all the beam layers between section ‘AB’ and ‘CD’ were the same
length in the unbent beam, it will be clear the ‘strain’ will be proportional
to the distance from ‘NL’.
The ‘strain variation’ diagram will therefore be linear in character as
shown in the diagram.
Applying Hooks Law that the stress is proportional to strain the the ‘stress
variation diagram’ will also be linear.
This must be clearly understood.
The stress in any fiber in a beam cross section is proportional to its
distance from the neutral axis of the section.
10. The rectangular beam has breadth ‘b’ and depth ‘d’ cm. The applied bending
moment at section AB of the beam induces a maximum stress – in the extreme
upper and lower fibers of the section – of ‘f’ N/cm².
N A
b cm
d/2 cm
d cm
bd/2 cm²
bd/2 cm²
fN/cm²
2d/3
T
C
fN/cm²
11. N A
b cm
d/2 cm
d cm
bd/2 cm²
bd/2 cm²
fN/cm²
2d/3
T
C
fN/cm²
We may consider the beam section to be composed of very large number of thin
horizontal of equal width and depth. The stress acting on each strip will depend on the
position of the strip with reference to the Neutral Axis of the section. The load carried
by a strip will be stress x area. The load variation diagram will be the same as the
‘stress variation diagram’ as the elemental strips are of equal area. The system of loads
acting on the top half –section of the beam will have a resultant ‘C’ N and a resultant
pull ‘T’ N will act upon the bottom half-section. ‘C’ and ‘T’ are equal forces and they
form a couple of moment ‘C’ or ‘T’ x ‘arm of the couple’. The moment of this couple is
the moment of resistance of the beam section.
12. Value of C (or T)
The stress on the top half-section of the beam section varies uniformly
from ‘f’ N/mm² to ‘zero’. The total load ‘C’ can be calculated as the
average x area of half-section = f/2 N/mm² x bd/2 mm² = fbd/4 N = T.
Value of ‘arm of couple’ ‘C’ will act through the center of gravity of the
stress triangle which is 1/3 distance From the edge. Similarly ,T, will be
acting at d/6 from the bottom edge. Hence the distance between ‘C’ and
‘T’ will be 2d/3 = arm of the couple
Moment of couple
Moment = force x arm
= fbd/4 x 2d/3 = fbd²/6 Nmm
This moment is balanced by the moment of resistance for equilibrium
Or BM or MR = fbd²/6 in any units
This is generally stated as M= fbd²/6
13. Allowance for self weight of beams
The self weight of the beam needs to be always considered.
It is a UDL producing a bending moment of Wl/8at the
center of the span in the case of simply supported beams.
However, in problems it is sometimes overlooked as
it is very small compared to the superimposed loads and
also in the safety factors applied this can be covered by the
loading factors.
In the preliminary analysis the weight of the beam can only
be estimated as the size is not known but is to be
calculated. Nevertheless after the design the self weight of
the beam must be added and the calculations done once
again to check that the beam is safe.
14. A simply supported timber beam 5cm wide and 15 cm deep carries a
UDL of total value of 1kN. The effective span of the beam is 2.4m.
Calculate the maximum stress induced in the beam.
Max. stress will be at the mid span
M = fbd²/6 M= Wl/8
We have to find f
M= Wl/8 = (1000 x240) / 8 = 30000Ncm
30000 = (fx5x15x15)/6
f = 160N/cm²
15. Calculate the safe central point load for a simply supported timber beam of 10
cm by 30 cm and an effective span of 3m if the maximum permissible stress
Is 200N/cm²
Let the safe central point load be W
M = fbd²/6
= (200x10x30x30)/6 = 300000Ncm or 300kNcm
MR = BMMAX = Wl/4
= (W x 300)/4kNcm
W = (300x4) / 300 = 4kN
16. A concrete beam 15cm wide and 30 cm deep has an effective span
of 2m.
Assuming the density of concrete to be 2400N/m³ calculate the
central point load the beam can carry in addition to its own weight.
The maximum tensile stress in the concrete is to be limited to
20N/cm²
Here f = 20N/cm²
Self weight of beam = .15 x .30 x 2 x 2400 = 216N
Max BM by self weight = Wl/8 = (216 x 200) / 8 = 5400 Ncm
MR = fbd²/6 = (20 x 15 x 30 x 30) / 6 = 45000Ncm
BM that can be carried by the additional load = 45000 – 5400 Ncm
= 39600Ncm
BM by point load = Wl/4 or W = (BM x 4) / l = (39600 x4) / 200 = 792N