Prepared by: U. Aravind, Lect/Mech, Lakshmi Ammal Polytechnic College, K.R. Nagar, Kovilpatti, Tuticorin. Email: aravindulaganathanmech@gmail.com W.No:9943244068

3. UNIT – 2
RECIPROCATING MACHINES &
BROACHING MACHINES

4. PLANER MACHINE
• Table reciprocates
• Tool fixed
• Feed is given to cutting tool
• Cutting stroke takes lower speed and return
stroke has higher speed.
• Metal is cut during forward or cutting stroke
• The quick return of the table is obtained by
quick return mechanism

5. TYPES OF PLANER
1. Double housing planer.
2. Open side planer.
3. Pit planer
4. Edge or plate planer.
5. Divided table planer.

6. DOUBLE HOUSING PLANER
• It is used to machine large table beds,
table key ways, dove tails and sliding
surfaces.
• It is used to machine work piece in
both horizontal and vertical directions
at the same time.

7. Parts of Double Housing
Planer
• Bed
• Table
• Columns
• Cross Rail
• Tool Heads

10. Specifications of a planer:
• 1. Distance between the two columns
• 2. Dimensions of the table
• 3. Maximum stroke length of table
• 4. Height from the top of the table of cross rail
in its upper position.
• 5. Net weight of the machine
• 6. Type of drive
• 7. Floor area
• 8. Power of the motor

11. Planer Quick Return Mechanisms
Open & Cross Belt drive
Electric drive
Hydraulic drive

12. Open & Cross Belt Drive

15. Electric Drive

16. Hydraulic Drive

17. Feed
mechanism
Hand feed
Cross feed
Down Feed
Automatic
feed
Automatic
Cross Feed
Automatic
Down Feed
Feed Mechanism

18. Planer Work Holding Devices
1. Angle Plate.
2. Stop block.
3. Planer jacks & adjustable screw stop.
4. T bolt & strap clamps for long work
pieces.
5. V blocks for cylindrical work pieces.
6. Fixtures.

19. Types of Planer Tools

20. Types of Planer Operations
• Machining Horizontal Surface
• Machining Vertical Surface
• Machining Angular Surface
• Machining ‘T’ Slots

21. SHAPER
• Tool Reciprocates
• Work table fixed
• Metal is removed on forward
stroke. Feed is given at end of
cutting stroke.
• Metal is cut and removed by tool
when ram reciprocates against
work piece.

23. Standard Shaper
Parts
• Base
• Table
• Column
• Cross rail
• Tool head
• Ram

26. Horizontal Shaper

28. Vertical Shaper

29. Shaper specifications:
• 1. Maximum length of stroke
• 2. Maximum crosswise movement of the table
• 3. Maximum vertical movement of the table
• 4. Power of the motor
• 5. Type of driving mechanism
• 6. Ratio of cutting stroke time to return stroke
time
• 7. Type of shaper – plain or universal
• 8. Net weight of the shaper
• 9. Floor space

30. Shaper Quick Return Mechanism
1. Crank and slotted link
mechanism
2. Whitworth mechanism
3. Hydraulic mechanism

31. Crank and slotted link mechanism

33. Hydraulic shaper

36. Feed Mechanism
Hand Feed

37. Automatic Feed

38. Shaper Work Holding Devices
• 1. Clamping in a vice
• 2. Clamping directly on the table
• 3. Clamping on an angle plate
• 4. Clamping over a V-block
• 5. Fixture

39. 1. Clamping in a vice

40. 2. Clamping directly on the table

41. 3. Clamping on an angle plate

42. 4. Clamping over a V-block

43. 5. Fixture

44. Shaper Operations
Machining Horizontal
Surface
Machining Vertical Surface
Machining keyways,
grooves & slots

45. Machining Horizontal Surface

47. Machining Vertical Surface

48. Machining keyways, grooves & slots

49. SHAPER PLANER
1. Tool reciprocates 1.Work piece reciprocates
2. Work piece is stationary 2.Tool is stationary
3. Cross feed is given by moving
the table.
3. Cross feed is given by moving
the tool head.
4. Suitable for small work pieces 4. Suitable for large work pieces.
5. accuracy is less 5. accuracy is high
6. Only one work piece can be
machined at a time.
6. Number of work piece can be
machined at a time.
7. Heavy tool is not required. 7. Heavy tool is required

50. SHAPER PLANER
8. cost of the machine is less. 8. cost of the machine is high
9. Low floor area required 9.High floor area required
10. Heavy cut cannot be given.
.
10. Heavy cut can be given.

51. SLOTTER
• Tool Reciprocates Vertically
• Work table fixed
• Metal is removed on downward
movement (cutting stroke). Cross
Feed is given at beginning of
cutting stroke.
• Metal is cut and removed by tool
when ram reciprocates vertically
against work piece.

52. Standard Slotter
• Parts:
1.Base
2.Saddle
3.Column
4.Rotary table
5.Ram & Tool head

54. Specification of a Slotter:
• 1. Maximum length of stroke
• 2. Diameter of circular table
• 3. The maximum crosswise and
longitudinal movement of the table.
• 4. Type of drive.
• 5. Net weight of slotter
• 6. Power of the motor
• 7. Floor area

55. Slotter Quick Return Mechanism
1. Whitworth Quick return mechanism
2. Variable Speed Reversible Electric
Motor
3. Hydraulic mechanism

56. Whitworth Quick return mechanism

57. Feed Mechanism
Longitudinal
Feed
Given by moving
the Saddle
Cross Feed Given by moving
the Cross Slide
Circular Feed Obtained by
rotating the Table

58. Automatic Feed

59. Slotter Work Holding Devices

61. Slotter Operations
Machining Flat Surface
Machining Curved Surface
Machining keyways,
grooves

62. BROACHING MACHINES
• Process of removing metal from
a work piece using broach tool
has multiple cutting edges
arranged along its length.
• The work piece is completed in
one stroke of the machine.
• Suitable for machining external
and internal surfaces

63. SPECIFICATION OF A BROACHIN MACHINE
• 1. Maximum stroke length
• 2. Maximum force developed by the
slide in Tons.
• 3. Type of drive for the straight line
motion
• 4. Power of the motor
• 5. Weight of the machine
• 6. Floor space required

64. ADVANTAGES OF BROACHING:
• Roughing, Semi finishing and finishing cuts
are completed in one pass of the broach.
• External and internal surface can be
machined
• Suitable for mass production
• Semi-skilled operator can operate this
machine
• Loading and unloading can be done very
fast

65. LIMITATION OF BRIACHING:
• Initial cost if the tool is high.
• Broach tool is not suitable for
removing large amount of metal.
• Not suitable for producing blind
holes.
• Fixture is required for holding the
work pieces.
• Not suitable for batch production.

67. Parts:
•Bed
•Adopter
•Pulling head
•Ram