This document discusses somaclonal variation, which refers to genetic and phenotypic variations that can arise in plants produced through plant tissue culture. It notes that variations can be observed in karyotype, isozymes, and morphology in plants produced this way. Variations can be heritable genetic mutations caused by changes in DNA, chromosomes, and other factors during tissue culture, or non-heritable epigenetic changes. Methods described for detecting somaclonal variants include analyzing morphological traits, cytological studies, DNA content analysis, and gel electrophoresis to detect changes in proteins or other biochemical compounds.
Genetic variations can occur in plants produced through plant tissue culture and be detected as changes in genetic characteristics or phenotypes. Variations commonly include changes in chromosome number and structure. Regenerated plants with chromosomal changes often show alterations in traits like leaf shape and color, growth rate, and fertility. These heritable mutations can persist when plants are transplanted to fields. Somaclonal variations are caused by genetic factors like pre-existing variations in explant cells or mutations during tissue culture, and can result in changes in plant characteristics that are useful for crop improvement.
Genetic variations can occur in plants produced through plant tissue culture and be detected as changes in genetic characteristics or phenotypes. Variations commonly include changes in chromosome number and structure. Regenerated plants with chromosomal changes often show alterations in traits like leaf shape and color, growth rate, and fertility. These heritable mutations can persist when plants are transplanted to fields. Somaclonal variations are caused by genetic factors like pre-existing variations in explant cells or mutations during tissue culture, and can result in changes in plant characteristics that are useful for crop improvement.
SOMA CLONAL VARIATION IN PERENNIAL HORTICULTURE CROP,.pptxPradeepti Sharma
1) Somaclonal variation refers to genetic variations that arise in plants regenerated from tissue culture. It can produce useful traits for plant breeding as well as undesirable variations.
2) Mechanisms of somaclonal variation include pre-existing genetic variations in somatic cells as well as new mutations generated during tissue culture due to stress conditions.
3) Somaclonal variation has been induced in many perennial horticulture crops, producing variants with traits like disease resistance and stress tolerance, though undesirable variations can also arise. Selection techniques can help recover useful variants.
SOMACLONAL VARIATION AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE.pptxVandana Yadav03
Somaclonal variation arises from genetic changes in plants regenerated from tissue culture. The document discusses the history, types, causes and applications of somaclonal variation. It notes that somaclonal variants first observed in 1969 have since led to disease resistant crops. Variations can be genetic, epigenetic or chromosomal and result from tissue culture conditions. Both desirable variants like stress tolerance and random variants are obtained. Selection methods are used to isolate variants with desired traits for crop improvement.
This document discusses somaclonal variation, which refers to genetic and phenotypic variations that can arise in plants produced through plant tissue culture. It notes that variations can be observed in karyotype, isozymes, and morphology in plants produced this way. Variations can be heritable genetic mutations caused by changes in DNA, chromosomes, and other factors during tissue culture, or non-heritable epigenetic changes. Methods described for detecting somaclonal variants include analyzing morphological traits, cytological studies, DNA content analysis, and gel electrophoresis to detect changes in proteins or other biochemical compounds.
Genetic variations can occur in plants produced through plant tissue culture and be detected as changes in genetic characteristics or phenotypes. Variations commonly include changes in chromosome number and structure. Regenerated plants with chromosomal changes often show alterations in traits like leaf shape and color, growth rate, and fertility. These heritable mutations can persist when plants are transplanted to fields. Somaclonal variations are caused by genetic factors like pre-existing variations in explant cells or mutations during tissue culture, and can result in changes in plant characteristics that are useful for crop improvement.
Genetic variations can occur in plants produced through plant tissue culture and be detected as changes in genetic characteristics or phenotypes. Variations commonly include changes in chromosome number and structure. Regenerated plants with chromosomal changes often show alterations in traits like leaf shape and color, growth rate, and fertility. These heritable mutations can persist when plants are transplanted to fields. Somaclonal variations are caused by genetic factors like pre-existing variations in explant cells or mutations during tissue culture, and can result in changes in plant characteristics that are useful for crop improvement.
SOMA CLONAL VARIATION IN PERENNIAL HORTICULTURE CROP,.pptxPradeepti Sharma
1) Somaclonal variation refers to genetic variations that arise in plants regenerated from tissue culture. It can produce useful traits for plant breeding as well as undesirable variations.
2) Mechanisms of somaclonal variation include pre-existing genetic variations in somatic cells as well as new mutations generated during tissue culture due to stress conditions.
3) Somaclonal variation has been induced in many perennial horticulture crops, producing variants with traits like disease resistance and stress tolerance, though undesirable variations can also arise. Selection techniques can help recover useful variants.
SOMACLONAL VARIATION AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE.pptxVandana Yadav03
Somaclonal variation arises from genetic changes in plants regenerated from tissue culture. The document discusses the history, types, causes and applications of somaclonal variation. It notes that somaclonal variants first observed in 1969 have since led to disease resistant crops. Variations can be genetic, epigenetic or chromosomal and result from tissue culture conditions. Both desirable variants like stress tolerance and random variants are obtained. Selection methods are used to isolate variants with desired traits for crop improvement.
Somaclonal and gametoclonal variation refer to genetic variations that arise in plants regenerated from cell and tissue cultures. There are two main types - somaclonal variation originating from somatic cells, and gametoclonal variation from gametic cells like pollen. Variations can be induced through long term culture, exposure to mutagens, or selection in media containing inhibitors or toxins. Somaclonal variants are isolated and screened using cytological, biochemical, and molecular markers to identify desirable heritable traits for commercial use in plant breeding programs.
Somaclonal variation refers to genetic variations that can arise during plant tissue culture and regeneration. When plant cells or tissues are cultured in vitro, genetic and epigenetic changes can occur, resulting in phenotypically different regenerated plants (somaclones) compared to the original plant. Somaclonal variation is caused by factors like culture conditions, genotype, explant source, and selection method used. It can generate variations in chromosome structure, number, and gene mutations. Somaclonal variation has been used to develop novel variants with improved traits like disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and altered plant morphology. However, extensive field testing is required to evaluate variants due to possible genetic instability and undesirable effects.
This document discusses somaclonal variation, which refers to genetic or phenotypic variations that arise in plants produced through tissue culture. Somaclonal variations can result from changes in chromosome number or structure and other mutations during tissue culture. They may be heritable or non-heritable. Detection methods include analyzing morphological traits, cytological studies, and gel electrophoresis to detect changes in proteins or DNA. Somaclonal variations have been applied to crop improvement by selecting for traits like increased yield, disease resistance, or stress tolerance. However, the variations can also have disadvantages like genetic instability or undesirable traits.
Somaclonal Variation in Plant tissue culture - Variation in somaclones (somatic cells of plants)
Somaclonal variation # Basis of somaclonal variation # General feature of Somaclonal variations # Types and causes of somaclonal variation # Isolation procedure of somaclones via without in-vitro method and with in-vitro method with their limitations and advantages # Detection of isolated somaclonal variation # Application (with examples respectively related to crop improvement) # Advantages and disadvantages of somaclonal variations.
Also watch, Gametoclonal variation slides to understand, how to changes occur in gametoclones of plants.
https://www.slideshare.net/SharmasClasses/gametoclonal-variation
This document discusses somaclonal variation, which refers to genetic variation that arises during tissue culture or plant regeneration from cell cultures. It provides definitions and history of the term as coined by Larkin and Scowcroft in 1981. The document outlines the various causes and types of somaclonal variation including physiological, genetic, and biochemical causes. It also describes methods for generating somaclonal variation both with and without in vitro selection. Finally, it discusses applications for detecting and isolating somaclonal variants, particularly for developing disease resistance in various crop species.
The genetic variations found in the in vitro cultured cells are collectively referred to as somaclonal variations.
The plants derived from such cells are referred to somaclones. Some authors use the terms calliclones and proto-clones to represent cultures obtained from callus and protoplasts respectively.
The growth of plant cells in vitro is an asexual process involving only mitotic division of cells. Thus, culturing of cells is the method to clone a particular genotype. It is therefore expected that plants arising from a given tissue culture should be the exact copies of the parental plant.
The occurrence of phenotypic variants among the regenerated plants (from tissue cultures) has been known for several years. These variations were earlier dismissed as tissue culture artefacts. The term somaclonal variations was first used by Larkin and Scowcraft (1981) for variations arising due to culture of cells, i.e., variability generated by a tissue culture. This term is now universally accepted.
As described elsewhere the explant used in tissue culture may come from any part of the plant organs or cells. These include leaves, roots, protoplasts, microspores and embryos. Somaclonal variations are reported in all types of plant tissue cultures.
In recent years, the term gametoclonal variations is used for the variations observed in the regenerated plants from gametic cells (e.g., anther cultures). For the plants obtained from protoplast cultures, proto-clonal variations is used.
Somaclonal variation is a process that produces genetic and phenotypic variation in plants regenerated from tissue culture. It occurs due to genetic changes in somatic plant cells during tissue culture. Some key points:
- Somaclonal variation can generate variants with useful traits like disease resistance, drought tolerance, and herbicide resistance. It provides opportunities for crop improvement.
- Genetic changes include changes in chromosome number, structure, and gene mutations. Environmental factors like plant growth regulators also influence variation.
- Variants are detected through morphological, cytological, biochemical, and molecular analyses and screened under selective pressures.
- Successfully developed somaclonal variants include disease resistant sugarcane, salt tolerant rice, and herbicide resistant
Somaclones are genetically identical plants produced through tissue culture. Somaclonal variation refers to genetic or phenotypic traits that arise in somaclones due to tissue culture. Variations can occur in karyotype, isozymes, and morphology. Variations can be heritable and persist in subsequent generations. Somaclonal variations are caused by pre-existing mutations in explant cells or new mutations induced during tissue culture. They can be detected by analyzing morphological, cytological, biochemical, and molecular characteristics of regenerate plants. Somaclonal variation is useful for crop improvement but selected variants require extensive field testing due to genetic instability.
This document discusses somaclonal variation, which is genetic variation seen in plants produced through plant tissue culture. Chromosomal rearrangements cause this variation. Somaclonal variation can be used by plant breeders to generate genetic diversity and develop plants with useful traits like stress tolerance or herbicide resistance. However, selected variants may be unstable or have undesirable side effects. The document provides examples of applying somaclonal variation to improve rice, wheat, maize, potato, tomato and sugarcane by selecting variants with traits like increased yield, disease resistance, or altered plant properties.
Tissue culture techniques play an important role in agriculture through various applications like plant breeding, wide hybridization, embryo culture, protoplast fusion, haploid production, somaclonal variation, micropropagation, synthetic seeds, pathogen eradication, and germplasm preservation. Tissue culture allows for the manipulation of plant genetic material to introduce new traits, overcome breeding barriers, accelerate the breeding cycle, produce true-breeding lines, and preserve plant varieties. It is a central tool in modern plant modification and improvement efforts.
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is one of the most successful biological methods of gene transfer in plants that is used for crop improvement and the production of GMOs it is a revolutionary method that allows scientists to introduce foreign DNA into plant cells, enabling the modification of plant genomes for various purposes, including crop improvement, pharmaceutical production, and basic research.
Whether you're a student, researcher, educator, or simply curious about the fascinating world of plant biotechnology, our session on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation offers valuable insights and information to help you understand this powerful technique and its implications for plant science and beyond.
Unit 2 plant tissue culture applications, advantages and limitationsDr. Mafatlal Kher
This presentation is related to the application of plant tissue culture techniques in various sectors, and it also highlights the advantages and limitations of plant tissue culture
Ornamental horticulture is a very important economic aspect of horticulture, and floriculture is in turn a dominant sector of ornamental horticulture. One feature of floriculture, which covers both cut flowers and pot plants, is that certain crops dominate sales. This is obviously an important consideration in any program aimed towards the development of genetically modified ornamental products. A second feature is that the cut flower industry is a global industry.Ornamental horticulture, and particularly floriculture, is well suited to the application of genetic engineering technology. One reason is that the end product is not a food and thus reduces the need to undergo food safety studies, thereby reducing the cost of commercialization. Genetic engineering allows the introduction of genes from outside the gene pool, and is precise, because a gene or genes targeted for a specific trait can be introduced. Biotechnology also shortens the time frame for new variety development.
The document discusses mutation breeding techniques for developing new crop varieties. It begins by explaining the importance of creating new varieties that can feed a growing population on less land and in changing climatic conditions. It then outlines the steps in a mutation breeding program, including selecting a crop variety and plant part for mutagen treatment, determining the optimal mutagen dose, treating the plant material, and handling the resulting mutant population through multiple generations of selection and testing. Key points covered include the objectives of mutation breeding, various mutagens used like radiation and chemicals, screening mutants for traits like yield, disease resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. The document emphasizes that mutation breeding can generate variations to select from more quickly than conventional breeding methods.
Polyploidy refers to organisms that have more than two complete sets of chromosomes. It commonly occurs through mechanisms like non-disjunction during cell division and hybridization between species. Polyploids are classified as euploids, which are multiples of the normal chromosome number, and aneuploids, which have extra or missing chromosomes. Polyploidy provides benefits like increased vigor, seedlessness, and stress tolerance, and has applications in breeding crops, inducing mutations, and producing secondary metabolites. However, newly formed polyploids can experience issues like gene silencing, sterility, and unpredictable inheritance patterns.
1. The document discusses biotechnology applications for horticultural crops including genetically modified organisms. It describes techniques like genetic engineering, tissue culture, embryo culture and haploid breeding that can be used to develop new crop varieties.
2. Examples of traits that can be improved through biotechnology include increased yield, pest and disease resistance, and improved postharvest qualities. The document lists some GM crops that have been approved or are undergoing field tests.
3. The challenges of tropical fruit export and postharvest storage are discussed. Controlling ethylene production and perception genes could help extend shelf life of fruits like mango to increase export potential. Precision genome editing techniques may allow targeting of genes with more specificity.
selection in clonally propagated crops assumtions and realitiesDivyaKarapati
- Clonally propagated crops reproduce asexually, preserving genotypes indefinitely but lacking genetic variation.
- A clone is a group of plants produced from a single plant through asexual reproduction. Clones are identical in genotype but can vary phenotypically due to environment.
- Genetic variation within clones can arise from somatic mutation, mechanical mixtures, or sexual reproduction. Selection of superior clones is used to breed new clonal crop varieties.
Somaclonal and gametoclonal variation refer to genetic variations that arise in plants regenerated from cell and tissue cultures. There are two main types - somaclonal variation originating from somatic cells, and gametoclonal variation from gametic cells like pollen. Variations can be induced through long term culture, exposure to mutagens, or selection in media containing inhibitors or toxins. Somaclonal variants are isolated and screened using cytological, biochemical, and molecular markers to identify desirable heritable traits for commercial use in plant breeding programs.
Somaclonal variation refers to genetic variations that can arise during plant tissue culture and regeneration. When plant cells or tissues are cultured in vitro, genetic and epigenetic changes can occur, resulting in phenotypically different regenerated plants (somaclones) compared to the original plant. Somaclonal variation is caused by factors like culture conditions, genotype, explant source, and selection method used. It can generate variations in chromosome structure, number, and gene mutations. Somaclonal variation has been used to develop novel variants with improved traits like disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and altered plant morphology. However, extensive field testing is required to evaluate variants due to possible genetic instability and undesirable effects.
This document discusses somaclonal variation, which refers to genetic or phenotypic variations that arise in plants produced through tissue culture. Somaclonal variations can result from changes in chromosome number or structure and other mutations during tissue culture. They may be heritable or non-heritable. Detection methods include analyzing morphological traits, cytological studies, and gel electrophoresis to detect changes in proteins or DNA. Somaclonal variations have been applied to crop improvement by selecting for traits like increased yield, disease resistance, or stress tolerance. However, the variations can also have disadvantages like genetic instability or undesirable traits.
Somaclonal Variation in Plant tissue culture - Variation in somaclones (somatic cells of plants)
Somaclonal variation # Basis of somaclonal variation # General feature of Somaclonal variations # Types and causes of somaclonal variation # Isolation procedure of somaclones via without in-vitro method and with in-vitro method with their limitations and advantages # Detection of isolated somaclonal variation # Application (with examples respectively related to crop improvement) # Advantages and disadvantages of somaclonal variations.
Also watch, Gametoclonal variation slides to understand, how to changes occur in gametoclones of plants.
https://www.slideshare.net/SharmasClasses/gametoclonal-variation
This document discusses somaclonal variation, which refers to genetic variation that arises during tissue culture or plant regeneration from cell cultures. It provides definitions and history of the term as coined by Larkin and Scowcroft in 1981. The document outlines the various causes and types of somaclonal variation including physiological, genetic, and biochemical causes. It also describes methods for generating somaclonal variation both with and without in vitro selection. Finally, it discusses applications for detecting and isolating somaclonal variants, particularly for developing disease resistance in various crop species.
The genetic variations found in the in vitro cultured cells are collectively referred to as somaclonal variations.
The plants derived from such cells are referred to somaclones. Some authors use the terms calliclones and proto-clones to represent cultures obtained from callus and protoplasts respectively.
The growth of plant cells in vitro is an asexual process involving only mitotic division of cells. Thus, culturing of cells is the method to clone a particular genotype. It is therefore expected that plants arising from a given tissue culture should be the exact copies of the parental plant.
The occurrence of phenotypic variants among the regenerated plants (from tissue cultures) has been known for several years. These variations were earlier dismissed as tissue culture artefacts. The term somaclonal variations was first used by Larkin and Scowcraft (1981) for variations arising due to culture of cells, i.e., variability generated by a tissue culture. This term is now universally accepted.
As described elsewhere the explant used in tissue culture may come from any part of the plant organs or cells. These include leaves, roots, protoplasts, microspores and embryos. Somaclonal variations are reported in all types of plant tissue cultures.
In recent years, the term gametoclonal variations is used for the variations observed in the regenerated plants from gametic cells (e.g., anther cultures). For the plants obtained from protoplast cultures, proto-clonal variations is used.
Somaclonal variation is a process that produces genetic and phenotypic variation in plants regenerated from tissue culture. It occurs due to genetic changes in somatic plant cells during tissue culture. Some key points:
- Somaclonal variation can generate variants with useful traits like disease resistance, drought tolerance, and herbicide resistance. It provides opportunities for crop improvement.
- Genetic changes include changes in chromosome number, structure, and gene mutations. Environmental factors like plant growth regulators also influence variation.
- Variants are detected through morphological, cytological, biochemical, and molecular analyses and screened under selective pressures.
- Successfully developed somaclonal variants include disease resistant sugarcane, salt tolerant rice, and herbicide resistant
Somaclones are genetically identical plants produced through tissue culture. Somaclonal variation refers to genetic or phenotypic traits that arise in somaclones due to tissue culture. Variations can occur in karyotype, isozymes, and morphology. Variations can be heritable and persist in subsequent generations. Somaclonal variations are caused by pre-existing mutations in explant cells or new mutations induced during tissue culture. They can be detected by analyzing morphological, cytological, biochemical, and molecular characteristics of regenerate plants. Somaclonal variation is useful for crop improvement but selected variants require extensive field testing due to genetic instability.
This document discusses somaclonal variation, which is genetic variation seen in plants produced through plant tissue culture. Chromosomal rearrangements cause this variation. Somaclonal variation can be used by plant breeders to generate genetic diversity and develop plants with useful traits like stress tolerance or herbicide resistance. However, selected variants may be unstable or have undesirable side effects. The document provides examples of applying somaclonal variation to improve rice, wheat, maize, potato, tomato and sugarcane by selecting variants with traits like increased yield, disease resistance, or altered plant properties.
Tissue culture techniques play an important role in agriculture through various applications like plant breeding, wide hybridization, embryo culture, protoplast fusion, haploid production, somaclonal variation, micropropagation, synthetic seeds, pathogen eradication, and germplasm preservation. Tissue culture allows for the manipulation of plant genetic material to introduce new traits, overcome breeding barriers, accelerate the breeding cycle, produce true-breeding lines, and preserve plant varieties. It is a central tool in modern plant modification and improvement efforts.
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is one of the most successful biological methods of gene transfer in plants that is used for crop improvement and the production of GMOs it is a revolutionary method that allows scientists to introduce foreign DNA into plant cells, enabling the modification of plant genomes for various purposes, including crop improvement, pharmaceutical production, and basic research.
Whether you're a student, researcher, educator, or simply curious about the fascinating world of plant biotechnology, our session on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation offers valuable insights and information to help you understand this powerful technique and its implications for plant science and beyond.
Unit 2 plant tissue culture applications, advantages and limitationsDr. Mafatlal Kher
This presentation is related to the application of plant tissue culture techniques in various sectors, and it also highlights the advantages and limitations of plant tissue culture
Ornamental horticulture is a very important economic aspect of horticulture, and floriculture is in turn a dominant sector of ornamental horticulture. One feature of floriculture, which covers both cut flowers and pot plants, is that certain crops dominate sales. This is obviously an important consideration in any program aimed towards the development of genetically modified ornamental products. A second feature is that the cut flower industry is a global industry.Ornamental horticulture, and particularly floriculture, is well suited to the application of genetic engineering technology. One reason is that the end product is not a food and thus reduces the need to undergo food safety studies, thereby reducing the cost of commercialization. Genetic engineering allows the introduction of genes from outside the gene pool, and is precise, because a gene or genes targeted for a specific trait can be introduced. Biotechnology also shortens the time frame for new variety development.
The document discusses mutation breeding techniques for developing new crop varieties. It begins by explaining the importance of creating new varieties that can feed a growing population on less land and in changing climatic conditions. It then outlines the steps in a mutation breeding program, including selecting a crop variety and plant part for mutagen treatment, determining the optimal mutagen dose, treating the plant material, and handling the resulting mutant population through multiple generations of selection and testing. Key points covered include the objectives of mutation breeding, various mutagens used like radiation and chemicals, screening mutants for traits like yield, disease resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. The document emphasizes that mutation breeding can generate variations to select from more quickly than conventional breeding methods.
Polyploidy refers to organisms that have more than two complete sets of chromosomes. It commonly occurs through mechanisms like non-disjunction during cell division and hybridization between species. Polyploids are classified as euploids, which are multiples of the normal chromosome number, and aneuploids, which have extra or missing chromosomes. Polyploidy provides benefits like increased vigor, seedlessness, and stress tolerance, and has applications in breeding crops, inducing mutations, and producing secondary metabolites. However, newly formed polyploids can experience issues like gene silencing, sterility, and unpredictable inheritance patterns.
1. The document discusses biotechnology applications for horticultural crops including genetically modified organisms. It describes techniques like genetic engineering, tissue culture, embryo culture and haploid breeding that can be used to develop new crop varieties.
2. Examples of traits that can be improved through biotechnology include increased yield, pest and disease resistance, and improved postharvest qualities. The document lists some GM crops that have been approved or are undergoing field tests.
3. The challenges of tropical fruit export and postharvest storage are discussed. Controlling ethylene production and perception genes could help extend shelf life of fruits like mango to increase export potential. Precision genome editing techniques may allow targeting of genes with more specificity.
selection in clonally propagated crops assumtions and realitiesDivyaKarapati
- Clonally propagated crops reproduce asexually, preserving genotypes indefinitely but lacking genetic variation.
- A clone is a group of plants produced from a single plant through asexual reproduction. Clones are identical in genotype but can vary phenotypically due to environment.
- Genetic variation within clones can arise from somatic mutation, mechanical mixtures, or sexual reproduction. Selection of superior clones is used to breed new clonal crop varieties.
Semelhante a somaclonal_variation it,s crop improvment (20)
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
3. Somaclonal Variation
Somaclonal variation refers to genetic variation that arises
in plants regenerated from tissue culture. Tissue culture
involves taking small pieces of plant tissue, such as leaf or
stem, and growing them on a nutrient medium under
controlled conditions to generate whole plants.
Term given by :- Larkin & Scowkraft in 1981
4. Basic Features of Somaclonal Variations
i. Variations in number and structure of chromosomes are
commonly observed.
ii. Regenerated plants with altered chromosomal changes often show
changes in leaf shape and colour, growth rate and habit, and sexual
fertility.
iii. It is generally heritable mutations and persist in plant population
even after plantation into the field.
5. Steps involved in induction and selection of
somaclonal variation
Callus Tissue
Organogenesis
Regenerated Plant
Hardening and Selfing
Somaclonal Variation
10. Biochemical Cause
•Lack of photosynthetic ability due to
alteration in carbon metabolism
•Biosynthesis of starch via carotenoid
pathway
•Nitrogen metabolism
•Antibiotic resistance.
11. 1. Analysis of morphological characters
2. Variant detection by cytological Studies
3. Detection of disease resistance variant.
4. Detection of herbicide resistance
variant.
5. Variant detection by DNA contents
6. Variant detection by gel electrophoresis
7. Detection of environmental stress
tolerant variant
12. Wheat Varieties:'Cham1' (Cham1al): Developed
in Australia
Rice Varieties: 'IR64‘BRRI dhan29'
Maize (Corn) Varieties: Pioneer® Brand Hybrid
Corn Varieties
Tomato Varieties:'UC82B'
The release variety of somaclonal variation
14. Help in crop improvement
Creation of additional genetic variations
Increased and improved production of
secondary metabolites
Selection of plants resistant to various toxins,
herbicides, high salt concentration and mineral
toxicity
Suitable for breeding of tree species
15. • A serious disadvantage occurs in operations which require
clonal uniformity, as in the horticulture and forestry industries
where tissue culture is employed for rapid propagation of elite
genotypes
•Sometime leads to undesirable results
•Selected variants are random and genetically unstable
•Require extensive and extended field trials
•Not suitable for complex agronomic traits like yield, quality etc.
•May develop variants with pleiotropic effects which are not true