“State of socio-economic research on climate change and policy implications in the Philippines” presented by Mercedita A. Sombilla, SEARCA at the ReSAKSS-Asia Conference, Nov 14-16, 2011, in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Climate models use mathematical equations and global grids to simulate and predict climate conditions based on physical principles and observational data. They show reasonable agreement with past climate trends and are used to project future climate change under different greenhouse gas emission scenarios. However, uncertainties remain regarding some processes like cloud formation. Current models estimate global warming of 0.3-1.7°C by 2100 under a low emission scenario and 2.6-4.8°C under high emissions, with greater warming over land and in polar regions. The models also predict more hot days and heat waves along with rising sea levels.
This is the 7th lesson the course - Climate Change & Global Environment taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
This lecture discusses mitigation and adaptation strategies for climate change. It defines mitigation as efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance sinks, while adaptation refers to adjusting to the unavoidable impacts of climate change. The lecture provides examples of both mitigation efforts, such as improving energy efficiency and developing renewable energy, and adaptation strategies, such as building sea walls and shifting to more drought-resistant crops. It emphasizes that adaptation and mitigation are complementary approaches needed to address climate change.
Climate Change Impact Assessment on Hydrological Regime of Kali Gandaki BasinHI-AWARE
The presentation focuses on the findings of the impact of climate change on the hydrological regime and water balance components of the Kali Gandaki basin in Nepal. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been used to predict future projections.
The document discusses vulnerability, adaptation and resilience to climate change. It notes that climate change affects all people but impacts the poorest and most vulnerable the most. These groups have contributed the least to global warming. The document presents a community-based adaptation framework and discusses how social factors like gender, asset ownership, and access to information influence people's vulnerability. It argues for understanding and empowering vulnerable communities to adapt to climate impacts through strengthening capacities and supporting adaptation efforts at all levels.
This presentation talks about the impact on global water resources caused by climate change.
Presentation prepared with the help of Neha Rathi, a volunteer at India Water Portal.
This document discusses successful adaptation to climate change. It addresses who makes adaptation decisions across different scales, from individuals to governments. There are three key dimensions to successful adaptation: reducing a system's sensitivity; altering its exposure; and increasing its resilience. However, defining success is complicated by potential externalities across spatial and temporal scales. Adaptation must be evaluated based on principles of equity, effectiveness, efficiency and legitimacy to promote sustainable action.
Climate Modeling and Future Climate Change ProjectionsJesbin Baidya
Climate models are mathematical representations of the physical processes that control the climate system. The most sophisticated climate models are called General Circulation Models (GCMs) which attempt to simulate all relevant atmospheric and oceanic processes. GCMs are based on fundamental laws of physics and solve complex equations using computers. They allow scientists to project potential future climate changes from increasing greenhouse gases by assessing how the climate system may respond to restore equilibrium. While climate models have uncertainties, they provide valuable insights when evaluated against historical climate data.
Climate models use mathematical equations and global grids to simulate and predict climate conditions based on physical principles and observational data. They show reasonable agreement with past climate trends and are used to project future climate change under different greenhouse gas emission scenarios. However, uncertainties remain regarding some processes like cloud formation. Current models estimate global warming of 0.3-1.7°C by 2100 under a low emission scenario and 2.6-4.8°C under high emissions, with greater warming over land and in polar regions. The models also predict more hot days and heat waves along with rising sea levels.
This is the 7th lesson the course - Climate Change & Global Environment taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
This lecture discusses mitigation and adaptation strategies for climate change. It defines mitigation as efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance sinks, while adaptation refers to adjusting to the unavoidable impacts of climate change. The lecture provides examples of both mitigation efforts, such as improving energy efficiency and developing renewable energy, and adaptation strategies, such as building sea walls and shifting to more drought-resistant crops. It emphasizes that adaptation and mitigation are complementary approaches needed to address climate change.
Climate Change Impact Assessment on Hydrological Regime of Kali Gandaki BasinHI-AWARE
The presentation focuses on the findings of the impact of climate change on the hydrological regime and water balance components of the Kali Gandaki basin in Nepal. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been used to predict future projections.
The document discusses vulnerability, adaptation and resilience to climate change. It notes that climate change affects all people but impacts the poorest and most vulnerable the most. These groups have contributed the least to global warming. The document presents a community-based adaptation framework and discusses how social factors like gender, asset ownership, and access to information influence people's vulnerability. It argues for understanding and empowering vulnerable communities to adapt to climate impacts through strengthening capacities and supporting adaptation efforts at all levels.
This presentation talks about the impact on global water resources caused by climate change.
Presentation prepared with the help of Neha Rathi, a volunteer at India Water Portal.
This document discusses successful adaptation to climate change. It addresses who makes adaptation decisions across different scales, from individuals to governments. There are three key dimensions to successful adaptation: reducing a system's sensitivity; altering its exposure; and increasing its resilience. However, defining success is complicated by potential externalities across spatial and temporal scales. Adaptation must be evaluated based on principles of equity, effectiveness, efficiency and legitimacy to promote sustainable action.
Climate Modeling and Future Climate Change ProjectionsJesbin Baidya
Climate models are mathematical representations of the physical processes that control the climate system. The most sophisticated climate models are called General Circulation Models (GCMs) which attempt to simulate all relevant atmospheric and oceanic processes. GCMs are based on fundamental laws of physics and solve complex equations using computers. They allow scientists to project potential future climate changes from increasing greenhouse gases by assessing how the climate system may respond to restore equilibrium. While climate models have uncertainties, they provide valuable insights when evaluated against historical climate data.
This document discusses different types of climate models and their components and uses. It begins by defining climate models as mathematical representations of the climate system based on physical principles. It then describes four main types of climate models: (1) energy balance models which use simplified equations to model global or regional energy budgets, (2) Earth system models of intermediate complexity which have more complex representations than EBMs but less than GCMs, (3) general circulation models which use 3D grids to model interactions between components at a regional scale, and (4) emulators which use statistical techniques to link climate drivers to impacts. The document also discusses key components of models, their development over time, grid size considerations, and how models are used
Climate Modelling, Predictions and Projectionsipcc-media
This document discusses climate modeling, predictions, and projections. It summarizes that global surface temperature change is likely to exceed 1.5°C by the end of the century for all scenarios. It also notes that ocean acidification is a clear signal of human-caused climate change and that global sea levels will continue rising through 2100 even with reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Initialized climate simulations can reproduce temperature trends and internal variability to provide near-term climate predictions.
Climate change will have major impacts on water resources and society. While some impacts like heavier rainfall are more visible, changes like reductions in water supply and quality will also be significant. Vulnerability to climate change is determined by exposure to risks, sensitivity of systems, and adaptive capacity. India faces widespread poverty and many policy and community efforts are needed to build resilience, though many current responses only provide temporary relief. Adaptation is key to reducing the risks of climate change impacts on water and livelihoods.
Climate Change: Causes, Impacts and Vulnerability Assessmentramtpiitb
Climate change poses serious threats to humanity and the environment. Increased greenhouse gas concentrations from human activities are causing the planet to warm beyond natural variability. This document discusses the science of climate change, its causes, impacts such as sea level rise and effects on ecosystems, food security, water supply and public health. It also covers climate change policies and conferences, as well as social and economic dimensions of the issue.
Climate refers to average weather conditions over a long period of time, usually 30 years. Weather describes short-term atmospheric conditions from minutes to weeks. The document discusses factors that affect climate such as latitude, elevation, ocean currents, and vegetation. Climate change refers to significant changes in global temperature, precipitation, and other climate measures over decades or longer that are threatening foods, rising sea levels, and increasing ocean acidification. The tips recommend thinking eco-friendly, planting more trees, and saving animals to help lessen climate change.
Lecture 7: Urban Climate Change Mitigation and AdaptationESD UNU-IAS
The document discusses Dr. Riyanti Djalante's background and expertise in areas related to climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. It includes her educational background, current role at the United Nations University, research interests, and consultancy experience working with various organizations on projects in Indonesia. The final section provides an outline for a presentation on cities and climate change mitigation and adaptation.
To aid in understanding many complex interactions, scientists often build mathematical models that represent simple climate systems. This module highlights the fundamentals of climate models.
The document summarizes strategies for climate change and sustainable development presented at a conference from March 20-22, 2012 in Hyderabad, India. It discusses concepts like vulnerability, adaptation, national climate change plans, impacts on water resources, agriculture, forests and more. Biocharculture is introduced as a process using biochar for carbon sequestration and sustainable cultivation. Adaptation benefits of biocharculture include securing crops from climate impacts, reclaiming degraded soils, water conservation and reducing impacts of chemicals.
Plenary 2 - Social Impacts of Global Climate Changerbulalakaw
The document discusses the social impacts of climate change. It notes that climate change threatens development and exacerbates existing inequalities. Developing nations and vulnerable groups like women, farmers, fisherfolk and the urban poor will be most heavily impacted. Key effects include increased extreme weather events, rising sea levels, droughts and food insecurity. This poses severe risks to livelihoods, health, and human security. Adaptation is necessary but challenging due to factors like weak institutions and limited resources. Empowering women and addressing gender inequalities are important for effective adaptation.
Climate change can be caused by both human and natural factors. Human causes include burning fossil fuels and land use changes which have increased greenhouse gas emissions since the Industrial Revolution, enhancing the natural greenhouse effect and warming the planet. Natural causes include volcanic eruptions, ocean currents, variations in Earth's orbit and axis, fluctuations in solar activity, and feedback loops within the climate system. While factors like volcanic eruptions and solar activity can cause short-term cooling, the long-term trend since the 1800s is due to human greenhouse gas emissions.
Anthropogenic greenhouse gases are the cause of climate change driven by population and economic growth. Information provided are taking from the fifth assessment report summary for policy makers. It gives beginner information on the causes, impacts, future projections and limitations strategies.
اقليم به معناي برآيند آميزش دسته جمعي عوامل هواشناسي عوامل مرتبط با ليتوسفر و فعاليتهاي زيستي و پديده ها طبيعي مجموعه زمين- اتمسفر تعريف مي شود.
به تعريف رياضي، اقليم متغيري حاصل از تحول متغيرهاي متعدد تصادفي است كه خود مشمول تغييرات زماني و مكاني تصادفي مي باشد. بدين ترتيب عبارت اقليم اصولاً به معناي وضعيت تغیير پذيری محيط بوده و خود ذاتاً متغير است.
اتمسفر، كريوسفر، لیتوسفر، هيدروسفر و بيوسفر اجزاء سيستم اقليم كره زمين را تشكيل مي دهند.
This document discusses the hydrological cycle and properties of water. It notes that water is essential for life and makes up 71% of the Earth's surface. The water cycle is driven by solar energy and involves evaporation from bodies of water into the atmosphere, condensation and precipitation on land, runoff into water bodies, and eventual return to the oceans. Water moves through this cycle in vapor, liquid and solid forms through various processes like evaporation, transpiration, infiltration, and percolation. The cycling of water through the biosphere maintains a balanced system over thousands of years through natural recycling powered by solar energy.
Land Degradation Neutrality and adaptation to climate changeNAP Events
Presentation by: Lorena Santamaria Rojas
3.4 Synergy between climate change adaptation and other issues
The session will introduce approaches for facilitating synergy and inter-linkages in the implementation of climate change adaptation actions in the context of the formulation and implementation of NAPs, and relevant actions on biodiversity and desertification/land degradation. It will discuss the existing arrangements and opportunities, including capacity-building, and how can countries build on these to explore synergy between the three issues. It will also include practical experiences from countries.
The document discusses various topics related to weather and climate, including:
1. It defines weather as atmospheric conditions in a specific place and time, while climate describes average weather conditions over many years.
2. It describes several elements that determine weather such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, and cloud formation.
3. It explains weather phenomena like air masses, fronts, precipitation types, tropical cyclones, monsoon winds, and instruments used to measure weather.
4. It briefly mentions climate change topics like El Niño and the greenhouse effect.
This document outlines key concepts related to climate and climate modelling. It discusses global climate models (GCMs) which are 3D models of the atmosphere and oceans used to simulate the climate system. It also discusses regional climate models (RCMs) which provide higher resolution outputs than GCMs to better represent regional features. The document then summarizes projected climate changes from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change including increased global temperatures, precipitation changes, and sea level rise under different emissions scenarios through 2100.
This document summarizes VicRoads' climate change risk assessment and adaptation strategies. It identifies the greatest risk as the impact of sea level rise on coastal assets in eastern Victoria, which could result in road overtopping and damage to pavements and bridges. While impacts are predicted across the Victorian coast, the effects are likely to be most significant in eastern regions. The assessment adopts a conservative climate change scenario, consistent with other Australian organizations, to project more significant climate impacts by 2030, 2070 and 2100. Adaptation strategies will need to consider asset lifespans and evolve as new climate projections and data emerge.
The document discusses the impact of climate change on water resources. It notes that climate change is decreasing water availability through factors like rising greenhouse gas emissions, melting glaciers, and changing rainfall patterns. This is affecting sectors like agriculture and increasing dependence on groundwater. The document reviews literature finding relationships between climate variables and water demand/supply. It also outlines frameworks for analyzing long term climate change impacts and presents results from a statistical model finding relationships between water resources, CO2 emissions, economic growth, and population growth in Pakistan from 1990 to 2010.
The document discusses climate change and its causes. It defines climate change as a significant change in the average weather over a long period of time, typically 30 years. It notes that key factors that can change the climate include changes in greenhouse gases, volcanic eruptions, and human activities like releasing greenhouse gases. The document summarizes evidence that global temperatures have risen about 0.6°C since 1900, glaciers have retreated, sea levels have risen, and greenhouse gas levels are higher than in the last several million years. It discusses potential effects of climate change like sea level rise and changes to ecosystems.
Asclme monitoring and indicators scott for iw learn v3Iwl Pcu
The document discusses long term monitoring and indicators for the Agulhas and Somali Currents Large Marine Ecosystem Project. It outlines the development of a Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis and Strategic Action Programme, including identifying four main areas of concern - water quality degradation, habitat modification, declines in living marine resources, and unpredictable environmental variability. It then discusses the types of indicators used to monitor progress, including process, stress reduction, and environmental/socioeconomic status indicators. Partners involved in long term monitoring of indicators are also identified.
Socio-economic assessment of marine protected areas (MPAs) - the How and the WhyMarianne Kettunen
1) The document discusses how to assess the socio-economic benefits of marine protected areas (MPAs) and how demonstrating these benefits can support conservation objectives.
2) It outlines key steps for assessing MPA benefits, including defining the purpose, understanding ecosystem services valuation, scoping the assessment, and interpreting and communicating results.
3) Examples are given showing how assessing MPA benefits has supported conservation by demonstrating links to poverty reduction, commercial food production, and job creation.
This document discusses different types of climate models and their components and uses. It begins by defining climate models as mathematical representations of the climate system based on physical principles. It then describes four main types of climate models: (1) energy balance models which use simplified equations to model global or regional energy budgets, (2) Earth system models of intermediate complexity which have more complex representations than EBMs but less than GCMs, (3) general circulation models which use 3D grids to model interactions between components at a regional scale, and (4) emulators which use statistical techniques to link climate drivers to impacts. The document also discusses key components of models, their development over time, grid size considerations, and how models are used
Climate Modelling, Predictions and Projectionsipcc-media
This document discusses climate modeling, predictions, and projections. It summarizes that global surface temperature change is likely to exceed 1.5°C by the end of the century for all scenarios. It also notes that ocean acidification is a clear signal of human-caused climate change and that global sea levels will continue rising through 2100 even with reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Initialized climate simulations can reproduce temperature trends and internal variability to provide near-term climate predictions.
Climate change will have major impacts on water resources and society. While some impacts like heavier rainfall are more visible, changes like reductions in water supply and quality will also be significant. Vulnerability to climate change is determined by exposure to risks, sensitivity of systems, and adaptive capacity. India faces widespread poverty and many policy and community efforts are needed to build resilience, though many current responses only provide temporary relief. Adaptation is key to reducing the risks of climate change impacts on water and livelihoods.
Climate Change: Causes, Impacts and Vulnerability Assessmentramtpiitb
Climate change poses serious threats to humanity and the environment. Increased greenhouse gas concentrations from human activities are causing the planet to warm beyond natural variability. This document discusses the science of climate change, its causes, impacts such as sea level rise and effects on ecosystems, food security, water supply and public health. It also covers climate change policies and conferences, as well as social and economic dimensions of the issue.
Climate refers to average weather conditions over a long period of time, usually 30 years. Weather describes short-term atmospheric conditions from minutes to weeks. The document discusses factors that affect climate such as latitude, elevation, ocean currents, and vegetation. Climate change refers to significant changes in global temperature, precipitation, and other climate measures over decades or longer that are threatening foods, rising sea levels, and increasing ocean acidification. The tips recommend thinking eco-friendly, planting more trees, and saving animals to help lessen climate change.
Lecture 7: Urban Climate Change Mitigation and AdaptationESD UNU-IAS
The document discusses Dr. Riyanti Djalante's background and expertise in areas related to climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. It includes her educational background, current role at the United Nations University, research interests, and consultancy experience working with various organizations on projects in Indonesia. The final section provides an outline for a presentation on cities and climate change mitigation and adaptation.
To aid in understanding many complex interactions, scientists often build mathematical models that represent simple climate systems. This module highlights the fundamentals of climate models.
The document summarizes strategies for climate change and sustainable development presented at a conference from March 20-22, 2012 in Hyderabad, India. It discusses concepts like vulnerability, adaptation, national climate change plans, impacts on water resources, agriculture, forests and more. Biocharculture is introduced as a process using biochar for carbon sequestration and sustainable cultivation. Adaptation benefits of biocharculture include securing crops from climate impacts, reclaiming degraded soils, water conservation and reducing impacts of chemicals.
Plenary 2 - Social Impacts of Global Climate Changerbulalakaw
The document discusses the social impacts of climate change. It notes that climate change threatens development and exacerbates existing inequalities. Developing nations and vulnerable groups like women, farmers, fisherfolk and the urban poor will be most heavily impacted. Key effects include increased extreme weather events, rising sea levels, droughts and food insecurity. This poses severe risks to livelihoods, health, and human security. Adaptation is necessary but challenging due to factors like weak institutions and limited resources. Empowering women and addressing gender inequalities are important for effective adaptation.
Climate change can be caused by both human and natural factors. Human causes include burning fossil fuels and land use changes which have increased greenhouse gas emissions since the Industrial Revolution, enhancing the natural greenhouse effect and warming the planet. Natural causes include volcanic eruptions, ocean currents, variations in Earth's orbit and axis, fluctuations in solar activity, and feedback loops within the climate system. While factors like volcanic eruptions and solar activity can cause short-term cooling, the long-term trend since the 1800s is due to human greenhouse gas emissions.
Anthropogenic greenhouse gases are the cause of climate change driven by population and economic growth. Information provided are taking from the fifth assessment report summary for policy makers. It gives beginner information on the causes, impacts, future projections and limitations strategies.
اقليم به معناي برآيند آميزش دسته جمعي عوامل هواشناسي عوامل مرتبط با ليتوسفر و فعاليتهاي زيستي و پديده ها طبيعي مجموعه زمين- اتمسفر تعريف مي شود.
به تعريف رياضي، اقليم متغيري حاصل از تحول متغيرهاي متعدد تصادفي است كه خود مشمول تغييرات زماني و مكاني تصادفي مي باشد. بدين ترتيب عبارت اقليم اصولاً به معناي وضعيت تغیير پذيری محيط بوده و خود ذاتاً متغير است.
اتمسفر، كريوسفر، لیتوسفر، هيدروسفر و بيوسفر اجزاء سيستم اقليم كره زمين را تشكيل مي دهند.
This document discusses the hydrological cycle and properties of water. It notes that water is essential for life and makes up 71% of the Earth's surface. The water cycle is driven by solar energy and involves evaporation from bodies of water into the atmosphere, condensation and precipitation on land, runoff into water bodies, and eventual return to the oceans. Water moves through this cycle in vapor, liquid and solid forms through various processes like evaporation, transpiration, infiltration, and percolation. The cycling of water through the biosphere maintains a balanced system over thousands of years through natural recycling powered by solar energy.
Land Degradation Neutrality and adaptation to climate changeNAP Events
Presentation by: Lorena Santamaria Rojas
3.4 Synergy between climate change adaptation and other issues
The session will introduce approaches for facilitating synergy and inter-linkages in the implementation of climate change adaptation actions in the context of the formulation and implementation of NAPs, and relevant actions on biodiversity and desertification/land degradation. It will discuss the existing arrangements and opportunities, including capacity-building, and how can countries build on these to explore synergy between the three issues. It will also include practical experiences from countries.
The document discusses various topics related to weather and climate, including:
1. It defines weather as atmospheric conditions in a specific place and time, while climate describes average weather conditions over many years.
2. It describes several elements that determine weather such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, and cloud formation.
3. It explains weather phenomena like air masses, fronts, precipitation types, tropical cyclones, monsoon winds, and instruments used to measure weather.
4. It briefly mentions climate change topics like El Niño and the greenhouse effect.
This document outlines key concepts related to climate and climate modelling. It discusses global climate models (GCMs) which are 3D models of the atmosphere and oceans used to simulate the climate system. It also discusses regional climate models (RCMs) which provide higher resolution outputs than GCMs to better represent regional features. The document then summarizes projected climate changes from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change including increased global temperatures, precipitation changes, and sea level rise under different emissions scenarios through 2100.
This document summarizes VicRoads' climate change risk assessment and adaptation strategies. It identifies the greatest risk as the impact of sea level rise on coastal assets in eastern Victoria, which could result in road overtopping and damage to pavements and bridges. While impacts are predicted across the Victorian coast, the effects are likely to be most significant in eastern regions. The assessment adopts a conservative climate change scenario, consistent with other Australian organizations, to project more significant climate impacts by 2030, 2070 and 2100. Adaptation strategies will need to consider asset lifespans and evolve as new climate projections and data emerge.
The document discusses the impact of climate change on water resources. It notes that climate change is decreasing water availability through factors like rising greenhouse gas emissions, melting glaciers, and changing rainfall patterns. This is affecting sectors like agriculture and increasing dependence on groundwater. The document reviews literature finding relationships between climate variables and water demand/supply. It also outlines frameworks for analyzing long term climate change impacts and presents results from a statistical model finding relationships between water resources, CO2 emissions, economic growth, and population growth in Pakistan from 1990 to 2010.
The document discusses climate change and its causes. It defines climate change as a significant change in the average weather over a long period of time, typically 30 years. It notes that key factors that can change the climate include changes in greenhouse gases, volcanic eruptions, and human activities like releasing greenhouse gases. The document summarizes evidence that global temperatures have risen about 0.6°C since 1900, glaciers have retreated, sea levels have risen, and greenhouse gas levels are higher than in the last several million years. It discusses potential effects of climate change like sea level rise and changes to ecosystems.
Asclme monitoring and indicators scott for iw learn v3Iwl Pcu
The document discusses long term monitoring and indicators for the Agulhas and Somali Currents Large Marine Ecosystem Project. It outlines the development of a Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis and Strategic Action Programme, including identifying four main areas of concern - water quality degradation, habitat modification, declines in living marine resources, and unpredictable environmental variability. It then discusses the types of indicators used to monitor progress, including process, stress reduction, and environmental/socioeconomic status indicators. Partners involved in long term monitoring of indicators are also identified.
Socio-economic assessment of marine protected areas (MPAs) - the How and the WhyMarianne Kettunen
1) The document discusses how to assess the socio-economic benefits of marine protected areas (MPAs) and how demonstrating these benefits can support conservation objectives.
2) It outlines key steps for assessing MPA benefits, including defining the purpose, understanding ecosystem services valuation, scoping the assessment, and interpreting and communicating results.
3) Examples are given showing how assessing MPA benefits has supported conservation by demonstrating links to poverty reduction, commercial food production, and job creation.
Socio-economic sustainability: Income Generation Programme, island ecotouris...ESD UNU-IAS
This document discusses sustainable island ecotourism and income generation programs in Sabah, Malaysia. It outlines key principles of ecotourism including being nature-based and generating local benefits. It then discusses islands in Sabah's Tunku Abdul Rahman Marine Park and Pulau Gaya as ecotourism destinations. The document emphasizes involving local communities, providing jobs and training, developing small businesses, and conserving nature and culture to generate income through sustainable island ecotourism. The goal is to improve livelihoods while minimizing environmental and social impacts through capacity building and participation.
socio-economic impact and its assessment in coastal zoneRaja rajan
This document discusses socio-economic impact assessment in integrated coastal zone management. It describes assessing the vulnerability of coastal areas to various human activities through tools like socio-economic analysis and geographic information systems modeling. Several key human activities that impact coastal areas are described, including residence, fisheries, aquaculture, shipping, tourism, land use, and climate change. The document outlines a four-phase approach to conducting use and conflict analysis to identify suitable sites for coastal activities and inform management.
This document presents a mathematical model to estimate land area inundation on coastal lands due to sea level rise. The model treats coastal land elevations as a matrix and compares elevations to rising sea levels over time. The model was applied to Anilao Beach Resort in the Philippines to simulate inundation under sea level rises of 0.32m, 1m, and 2m over 100 years. Results showed land area impacted increasing from 11.57% to 77% with higher sea level rise. Recommendations were made to improve the model using GPS and Google Earth data and involve students to apply it to additional coastal regions.
This document provides an alphabetical list of phobias from A to K, along with a brief definition for each phobia entry. Some examples of phobias included are: arachnophobia (fear of spiders), claustrophobia (fear of enclosed spaces), and agoraphobia (fear of open or crowded places). The document also contains navigation links and brief sponsorship and author notes at the top and bottom.
The document summarizes the socio-economic background of Sri Lanka across three eras: pre-colonial, colonial, and post-independence. In the pre-colonial era, Sri Lanka had a feudal system with Sinhala kings ruling different parts of the island. During the colonial period, Sri Lanka was ruled by the Portuguese, Dutch, and British, which introduced plantation agriculture and transformed the economy. After independence in 1948, Sri Lanka established socialism and a welfare state, though later shifted to a more open, market-based economy focused on exports like tea.
The document discusses climate change impacts and responses in the Philippines. It finds that global warming is causing rising sea levels, increased temperatures, and changes in rainfall and tropical cyclone patterns in the Philippines. These climate changes threaten key sectors like agriculture, forests, water resources, and human health. While the Philippines contributes little to global warming, local actions are needed to reduce vulnerability and promote sustainable development.
The document discusses the potato sector in Bangladesh and identifies opportunities and challenges. It summarizes findings from a study of potato farmers, traders, processors, and retailers. Key points include: 1) Small farmers have limited access to formal finance and rely on informal sources, remittances, and credit from cold stores. 2) There is potential to increase contract farming and private sector involvement in processing to help finance the value chain. 3) Export potential exists but challenges around quality, varieties, and price volatility need addressing through investments in storage, processing, and market integration.
The document summarizes the climate of the Philippines. It has a tropical maritime climate characterized by high temperatures, humidity, and rainfall. The average annual temperature across stations excluding Baguio is 26.6°C, with January being the coolest at 25.5°C and May the warmest at 28.3°C. Baguio has a cooler average of 18.3°C due to its high altitude. Humidity ranges from 71% in March to 85% in September. Rainfall also varies regionally, with some areas like Baguio City and Eastern Samar receiving over 4,000mm annually and southern Cotabato getting as little as 978mm. The climate is divided into a
There are three main types of phobias: simple phobias which involve an excessive fear of specific objects like insects or situations like flying; agoraphobia which is a fear of being in places where escape may be difficult such as crowds or tunnels; and social phobias which involve a fear of social or performance situations like public speaking. Effective treatment of phobias involves both confronting the feared situation and dealing with any frightening thoughts associated with the anxiety.
Phobias are irrational, excessive fears that can significantly impair a person's life. There are three main types of phobias: social phobias involving fear of social situations; specific phobias of objects or environments like animals or heights; and agoraphobia which is a fear of being in situations where escape may be difficult. Phobias often develop in childhood or adolescence and are influenced by genetics and traumatic experiences. Treatment through therapy can help manage phobias for most people.
A phobia is an irrational extreme fear of a specific object or situation that causes panic symptoms like a racing heart. Between 8.7-18.1% of Americans suffer from phobias, with social phobia, agoraphobia, and specific phobias being most common. Phobias can be treated through self-help strategies, therapy, or meditation to help manage excessive fears.
The document discusses climate change impacts and responses for the Philippines. It reviews the science showing human CO2 emissions are causing global warming. It then outlines many observed impacts of global warming globally and specific impacts projected for the Philippines, including sea level rise inundating large areas of land, increasing temperatures and changes to rainfall patterns affecting agriculture and more frequent/stronger typhoons. It argues the Philippines is highly vulnerable and responses must address local needs.
The document summarizes several theories of gender development, including social learning theory, cognitive developmental theory, gender schema theory, and gender script theory. It compares concepts between theorists like Freud and Horney. It also discusses problems with fully explaining gender development with any single theory and notes a goal of understanding increased gender flexibility in late adolescence.
This document provides a detailed timeline summary of the history of psychology from ancient times through the 19th century CE. Some key points include:
- Ancient Greek philosophers like Plato and Hippocrates made early contributions to the study of the mind and mental processes.
- During the Middle Ages, Muslim scholars in places like Baghdad made advances in clinical psychiatry and established early psychiatric hospitals.
- In the 16th-17th centuries, philosophers like Descartes and Spinoza debated mind-body dualism vs monism.
- The 18th-19th centuries saw the development of fields like psychometrics, experimental psychology, and psychiatry as distinct disciplines. Pioneers included Wundt
Depression is a common and serious mental disorder characterized by depressed mood, loss of interest, feelings of guilt and low self-worth, and poor concentration. It is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Depression can be reliably diagnosed and treated, although currently less than 25% of those affected have access to effective treatments. Treatment options include antidepressant medications like SSRIs and psychotherapy.
Presentation at the policy roundtable in Kenya, February 2012.
http://www.future-agricultures.org/climate-change/7664-policy-dialogue-climate-chaos-policy-dilemma-in-kenya
Issues and Solutions for SFM in a Changing Climate in the AP regionCIFOR-ICRAF
This document discusses issues and potential solutions for sustainable forest management (SFM) in the Asia-Pacific region under a changing climate. It outlines the impacts of climate change seen in the region, including increased flooding, storms, and forest disturbances. Experts were surveyed who identified water issues, forest disturbances, and flooding as top concerns. The document then presents a framework for developing adaptation strategies using tools like climate modeling, ecological modeling, and strategic planning to assess impacts and trade-offs between values like carbon, biodiversity and livelihoods. It emphasizes the need for region-specific research and international collaboration to achieve SFM goals.
Adaptation of forest management to climate change in the Asia Pacific RegionCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation was delivered at the third Asia-Pacific Forestry Week 2016, in Clark Freeport Zone, Philippines.
The five sub-thematic streams at APFW 2016 included:
Pathways to prosperity: Future trade and markets
Tackling climate change: challenges and opportunities
Serving society: forestry and people
New institutions, new governance
Our green future: green investment and growing our natural assets
This document discusses factors that determine the health of terrestrial ecosystems and ways to prevent ecosystem degradation. It identifies moisture, temperature, soil, relief, and drainage as key factors. Recommended prevention strategies include reforestation, controlling fires, implementing beneficial policies, and providing incentives. These strategies could increase food production while benefiting individual landholders and the overall ecosystem. The document also examines how climate change impacts vegetation distribution, wildfires, and species extinction risks.
Donald Wilhite, University of Lincoln: Integrated national drought managementNAPExpo 2014
This document outlines Dr. Donald Wilhite's presentation on adapting drought management strategies to increasing climate risks. It argues for shifting from reactive, crisis-based approaches to proactive risk management through national drought policies. Such policies should promote early warning systems, preparedness planning, vulnerability assessments, risk reduction measures, and coordinated emergency responses. Adopting a risk management paradigm can help build societal resilience to more frequent and severe droughts expected due to climate change. The presentation highlights the need for political will to change drought management, noting the high costs of maintaining the status quo.
Susan Sweeney_Climate change science into policy: the TREND experiment in Sou...TERN Australia
The TREND project in South Australia aims to bridge the gap between climate change science and policy. It established long-term monitoring sites to assess climate change impacts on ecosystems and agriculture. Researchers engaged with policymakers to identify priority policy questions. Questions focused on risks to agriculture, marine park management, and biodiversity conservation under climate change. The project provides a model for integrating climate science into policy but continued engagement is needed to ensure results inform on-ground natural resource management.
Climate change is altering forest ecosystems, with many changes expected by the end of the 21st century. Forests vary widely, and not all forests are equally at risk; vulnerabilities are strongly influenced by regional differences in climate impacts and adaptive capacity. Further, as an increasing amount of scientific information on forest vulnerability to climate change becomes available, natural resource managers are searching for ways to realistically use this information to meet specific management needs, ranging from landscape-level planning and coordination to on-the-ground implementation.
Forest Ecology and Management Webinar Series - August 13, 2019
Here are some potential adaptation tactics:
- Plant drought- and heat-tolerant native tree species to facilitate transitions in forest composition
- Maintain riparian buffer zones to help moderate water temperature increases and protect water quality
- Implement controlled burns or thinning to reduce wildfire risk and encourage resilience to drought
- Monitor wildlife and plant species for changes in distribution or health and adjust conservation efforts
- Protect microclimates and refugia that could support species survival under changing conditions
The tactics aim to both facilitate ecosystem adjustments to changes while also supporting existing stewardship objectives like species protection, water quality, and reduced fire risk. Monitoring is key to evaluating the effectiveness of actions over time.
This document summarizes key concepts from a presentation on integrated water resource management (IWRM) as a tool for adaptation to climate change. IWRM can help adaptation by allowing for better water management, basin planning to identify and mitigate risks, and stakeholder participation to mobilize action and assess risks. The presentation covers climate change impacts on water resources and sectors like agriculture and health. It discusses approaches to climate change impact, adaptation and vulnerability assessments, and the use of climate change scenarios and modeling to project impacts on water resource systems.
This document summarizes key concepts from a presentation on integrated water resource management (IWRM) as a tool for adaptation to climate change. IWRM can help adaptation by allowing for better water management, basin planning to identify and mitigate risks, and stakeholder participation to mobilize action and assess risks. The presentation covers climate change impacts on water resources and sectors like agriculture and health. It discusses approaches to climate change impact, adaptation and vulnerability assessments, and the use of climate change scenarios and modeling to project impacts on water resource systems.
This document discusses the effects of climate change on agriculture in semi-arid tropical regions, using examples from Ethiopia. It introduces climate and climate change concepts, and notes that rainfall variability is a major problem for Ethiopian farmers. The document then provides 5 examples of how climate change is negatively impacting agriculture in different areas of Ethiopia. It concludes by outlining possible adaptation measures, including changes to cultural practices, irrigation, and switching to more drought-tolerant crops. Appropriate scientific assessment and research are needed to design effective adaptation strategies.
Environmental Science DRRM for climate change in the philippinesRah yan Kim Rico
- The document discusses climate change impacts like loss of biodiversity and depletion of water resources. It also discusses how disasters may cost billions and increase issues like malnutrition.
- It outlines the Philippines' strategies for disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation and national plans like the Climate Change Act and Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act.
- The key government departments are working on projects like climate-resilient agriculture and infrastructure, and improving climate monitoring and community adaptation. Working together is important to address these challenges.
The document discusses community climate change adaptation concepts and applications. It aims to provide an overview of community climate change adaptation, identify resources and partnerships needed to strengthen climate programming, delineate policies to improve community participation and resilience, and acknowledge challenges and pathways. It discusses key concepts like climate change impacts, community-based adaptation, climate-smart agriculture, and the role of extension services. It outlines methodologies, background on climate impacts and adaptation, and highlights challenges like uncertainty and deficits in adaptive capacities. Overall, the document presents a framework for community climate change adaptation through approaches like integration into development planning, capacity building, knowledge sharing, and education.
This document provides an overview of a curriculum module on climate change and water resources in Bangladesh. It covers:
1. How climate change is intensifying floods, droughts and cyclones and impacting people and environments through sea level rise, impacts on water resources, food security, human health and ecosystems.
2. Responses to climate change through mitigation and adaptation, including climate-resilient forest and water resource management, vulnerability assessments, and effective communication.
3. Case studies and examples of adaptation strategies for water resources like mangrove replanting, adjusting agricultural practices through new crops, irrigation, and relocating communities threatened by flooding.
This document summarizes research on climate change adaptation in sub-Saharan Africa across three sectors: urban areas, agriculture, and health. For each sector, the summary identifies key findings from research and policy gaps. Crosscutting issues are then discussed. Research shows climate change poses major challenges for African cities, agriculture, and health. While adaptation is occurring, policies have yet to fully integrate climate change concerns. The document calls for more research-policy collaboration, measures to aid the most vulnerable, and efforts across multiple levels from technology to addressing social and economic barriers to build resilience to climate change.
This document discusses climate change impacts in India and the country's policy responses. It notes increasing surface temperatures and variable regional impacts on rainfall and drought. It outlines India's National Action Plan on Climate Change and its national missions to promote renewable energy, energy efficiency, sustainable habitats, water management, ecosystem protection, agriculture and strategic climate research. The document discusses how rural livelihoods dependent on natural resources are highly vulnerable to climate impacts. It defines concepts of vulnerability, adaptation and the UNFCCC and its role in coordinating the global response to climate change.
This document summarizes the history of cooking oil fortification with vitamin A in Indonesia, including key challenges and progress over time. It describes early feasibility studies showing the program's potential impact in reducing vitamin A deficiency. While standards were established in 2012, implementation was repeatedly postponed due to lobbying by some oil companies. By 2019, consensus was reached to fortify all packaged cooking oils by January 2020. However, leadership changes risk further delays to this effort to combat widespread nutritional problems through a low-cost fortification strategy.
Food Fortification Policies in the Asia Region by Dennis Bittisnich, Food Fortification Initiative. Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
Pakistan has a history of fortifying staple foods to address micronutrient deficiencies. In the 1960s, oil/ghee was mandated to be fortified with vitamins A and D. In the 1980s, salt iodization became voluntary. A National Fortification Alliance was established in 2003 and 2005 saw the start of a wheat flour fortification program. Current efforts focus on fortifying wheat flour and oil/ghee through legislation, industry standards, and quality control. A 2017 survey found progress but also challenges in reaching small mills. Next steps include continued education campaigns to ensure fortified foods reach those most at risk of deficiencies.
China's Food Safety regulatory system: Achievements, Challenges and Suggestions by Prof. Jiehong Zhou, Zhejiang University, China. Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
Institutional and Governance Innovation in Thailand’s Food System: The Role of the Private Sector in Food Safety by Kamphol Pantakua and Natthida Wiwatwicha, TDRI. Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
Compliance of Producers and Adoption of Consumers in the Case of Food Safety Practices: Cases from South Asia by Devesh Roy, Senior Research Fellow, IFPRI. Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
Thailand has a long history of genetically modified crop development and regulation. Key events include the first GM crop field trials in 1994 and establishment of regulatory bodies like the National Biosafety Committee in 1993. While some GM crops were approved for trials, all open field trials were banned in 2001 until biosafety laws were passed. GM food labeling is required only for certain products containing over 5% GM ingredients. Though a biosafety act has been drafted, it has not passed. Current guidelines govern GM research, but emerging technologies may require regulatory changes. Further considerations include exemptions for GM imports and revisions to labeling policies.
Creating and Implementing Biosafety Regulations: The Philippine Experience by Carlo G. Custodio Jr., Philippines Country Coordinator, Program for Biosafety Systems. Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
Making Vegetable Markets Work by Ye Htut, Grow Asia, Myanmar. Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
1. The document outlines the soybean value chain in Myanmar, which includes smallholder farmers, traders, brokers, tofu processors, oil mills, and locally processed food producers.
2. It notes that 100% of smallholder farmers grow soybeans for food products like tofu, textured soy protein, and traditional soy foods. However, farmers have limited access to new end-product development and market demand information from food processors.
3. New market opportunities have brought private sector investments in three new factories producing wet wholesale and retail packed products as well as dried packed products. This has led to market-driven changes among all stakeholders, including better prices, quality, and quantities of food.
Findings from the Study on Nutrition-Sensitive Value Chains in the Feed the Future Zone of Influence in Tajikistan by Abduaziz Kasymov, Tajikistan. Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
Farm Production, Market Access and Dietary Diversity in China’s Poor Rural Households: Evidence from a Panel Data by Kevin Chen, Senior Research Fellow, IFPRI- Beijing.
Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
The Livestock Sector in India: Progress and Challenges by Vijay Sardana, Poultry Federation of India.
Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
1) The study examined the relationship between market access, production diversity, and dietary diversity for pregnant/lactating women and children aged 6-23 months in Chin State, Myanmar.
2) It found that market access appears to play a critical role in animal-source food consumption and overall dietary diversity, particularly for areas closer to markets. Production diversity was more important for dietary outcomes in areas further from markets.
3) Nutrition education through the PACE project had a larger, more significant impact on dietary outcomes than either market access or production diversity interventions alone. Investments in nutrition education are important irrespective of how access to nutritious food is improved.
The Quiet Revolution in Myanmar’s Aquaculture Value Chain by Ben Belton, Michigan State University. Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
E-commerce has significantly increased food consumption in rural China through two channels. First, it reduces the cost of living, increasing disposable income that is partly spent on food. Second, it expands choices of food items available, especially non-perishables. Data shows rural household food expenditure grew more than other items with greater e-commerce. However, the biggest impact was on poor households and food for young children, as online access has reduced breastfeeding and increased formula purchases among the poor. While e-commerce has boosted rural consumption, the nutritional effects on children in poor areas requires further study.
Impacting at Scale: From .5% to + 40% by Grahame Dixie, Executive Director, Grow Asia.
Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
Regulatory Cooperation in ASEAN Good Agricultural Practices by Catherine Frances J. Corpuz, Senior Program Officer, ASEAN-Australia Development Cooperation Program.
Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
This document summarizes research on traditional and modern milk marketing chains in India and their implications for smallholder dairy farmers. The key points are:
1) India has a large dairy sector dominated by small farms, but milk is sold through both traditional local markets and modern cooperatives/companies.
2) Research finds smallholder dairy farmers who sell to modern markets earn higher incomes than those relying only on local traders.
3) Factors like farm size, education, and information access influence whether farmers use traditional or modern markets.
4) Policies should encourage smallholder participation in formal markets to improve farmer welfare through higher returns.
Pakistan’s Multi-Sectoral Nutrition Strategy by Amna Ejaz, Research Analyst, IFPRI-Pakistan.
Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
Mais de International Food Policy Research Institute (20)
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
State of socio-economic research on climate change and policy implications in the Philippines
1. STATE OF THE ART ON THE
SOCIO-ECONOMICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
IN THE PHILIPPINES
Dr. Asa Jose U. Sajise
Associate Professor
Department of Economics, CEM, UPLB
Dr. Mercedita A. Sombilla
Manager, Research and Development Department
SEARCA
Philippine Council for Agriculture,
Forestry and Natural resources
Research and Development (PCARRD)
Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
Technical Workshop and Conference on Knowledge Tools and Lessons for
Informing the Design and Implementation of Food Security Strategies in Asia
13-16 November 2011, Kathmandu, Nepal
2. OUTLINE
• What the literature is saying
– What are Climate Change risks the country is facing
– Impacts of these risks on selected AFNR sectors
– What is being done: Mitigation Literature
– What is being done: Adaptation Literature
• Analysis of the Literature: Trends and Other
Observations
• Recommendations for Future Research Areas
4. EVIDENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE
IN THE PHILIPPINES
Documented/Observed
● Temperature Increase (observed increase in mean, minimum, and
maximum temperatures; increased frequency of hot and cold days)
● Increased precipitation and rainfall since 1960 with pronounced
geographical differences in precipitation: Luzon and Mindanao is
getting drier while Eastern and Western Visayas is getting wetter
● Extreme weather events particularly typhoons are also increasing in
frequency (?) and strength.
● Sea level rise observed in certain areas such as Manila Bay, Northern
Luzon (La Union), and Cebu
Hazards are hydrometeorological in nature
5. Simulated Studies
•Simulated Studies mostly on temperature, precipitation
and sea level rise: Patterned from IPCC simulations and
scenarios
•Most studies done during the mid and late 1990’s by
PAGASA (Atmospheric and Geological Center in
thePhilippines) researchers: Results/predictions usually at
the national and region levels
•A lot of cross referencing and citation of these studies in
later years
EVIDENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE
IN THE PHILIPPINES
7. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON MAJOR CC
LITERATURE IN THE PHILIPPINES
• 1990-2000
– Evidence (Science) of Changing Climate as environmental awareness
was heightened due to issues on the country’s accelerated natural
resource degradation
– Impacts and Adaptation Options as they relate to farming practices,
natural resource protection (mostly centered on rice)
– Mostly done by PAG-ASA scientists
– Physical Vulnerability (hazard/ risk identification)
• Early to mid-2000
– Impact and Adaptation Option Studies: in the form of simulations and
modeling; economic valuation studies; vulnerability and risk
assessments; adaptation studies, etc
– Mitigation studies (Forestry and Carbon Stocks)
• Late 2000
– Impact, Vulnerability, and Adaptation Options
– Economic Vulnerability (Physical Vulnerability + Adaptive Capacity)
– Adaptation Behavior (Autonomous Adaptation) Studies (Micro level)
8. Summary of Literature Review
• Literature reviewed categorized into the
following NRE sectors (adapted from the ADB
study):
– Water stress
– Decline in agricultural production
– Effects on forests
– Effects on Coastal and Marine Areas
● Studies are either observed or simulated
9. WATER STRESS: IMPACTS
Observed
•Observed or documented impacts are related to extreme events like
typhoons, massive flooding, and El Niño.
•Studies have little by way of physical quantification of impacts but often
end with some estimate of total damages
“... from 1975 to 2002, intensified tropical cyclones caused an annual
average of 593 deaths and annual damage to property worth $83 million,
including damage to agriculture of around $55 million” (Amadore, 2005)
“... Historical data for Ormoc flash flood showed that the estimated damage
cost was about PhP620 million plus other non-quantified damages” (Predo,
2010)
Simulated
• Increased precipitation results to more impacts than temperature
– Decreased run-off from modest increase in temperature and decrease in
precipitation
– Increased run-off from modest increase in temperature and increase in
precipitation
• Unlike observed impacts, simulation studies end in physical
quantification of impacts and no monetary valuation of these impacts
10. DECLINE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION:
IMPACTS
Observed impacts: on agriculture in general but could be
linked to particular crop based on location.
•Decline in agricultural production is associated with extreme
events in particular typhoons and El Niño
•Impacts in terms of quantity and value.
Simulation studies: uses a combination of IPCC story lines
linked with crop yield model (ORYZA, CERES models)
• Impacts mostly on yield decilnes in rice and corn at the
national level. One study (Lansigan and Salvacion, 2007)
contextualized simulations for some provinces (e.g. Ilagan,
Isabela; Los Baños, Laguna; and Malaybalay, Bukidnon)
• No monetary valuation of impacts
11. EFFECTS ON FOREST AREAS
• Impacts mostly observed
• Linked to typhoons: flashfloods, landslides, loss of forest
covers;
• Linked with El Niño events: forest fires
• Casual mention of changing species composition, e.g.
endemic trees like the Philippine teak (Tectona
philippinensis), has been threatened by increasing
temperatures and shifting precipitation patterns (ADB,
2008)
• Very little information on quantification both in physical and
monetary terms
12. EFFECTS ON COASTAL AND MARINE AREAS:
IMPACTS
Observed and simulation studies focused on impacts of:
•temperature increase that have resulted to coral
bleaching;
• sea level rise (for simulated studies) that is projected
to affect vast areas in the Philippines
– By 2045, 2,000 ha and about 500,000 people along
the coast of Manila Bay ( 30 cm rise under B2-mid
and A1-mid scenarios)
– By 2080, inundate over 5,000 ha of the Manila Bay
coastal area and will affect over 2.5 million people
(A2-high scenario, which shows a 100-cm)
– Coast of Manila Bay could succumb to a 1 m sea level
rise by 2100
• Note again physical quantification and very little
monetary estimates with studies based on simulation
13. WHAT IS BEING DONE
TO ADDRESS CC AND
IT’S IMPACTS
Adaptation Literature
14. ADAPTATION
• Adaptation has been classified either as:
– “Autonomous” adaptation - autonomous reaction to actual or
expected climate change (without policy interventions)
– “Planned” or “policy-driven” adaptation - result of deliberate
policy decisions/have local public good characteristics provided
by the state
– Adaptation can also be “reactive” or “proactive”, the former in
response to actual climate change impact and the latter to
anticipated climate change
15. ADAPTATION STUDIES: WHAT WE FOUND OUT
• The type of shocks matter. Households may adapt/react
differently to different shocks (e.g. permanent temperature
increases versus temporary extreme weather events).
• Household heterogeneity matters and adaptation
behavior is a product of constrained choice. Different
adaptation strategies are employed by different income and
occupational groups.
• Households tend to cope more rather than adapt to
extreme weather - thus the need for efficient social, economic
institutions and strong rural organizations.
• Household Maladaptation can have social (and economic)
consequences.
16. RECOMMENDED ADAPTATION MEASURES:
A SUMMARY
• Sustainable development/ natural resource conservation
and management policies
• Economic Policies: mostly related to correct pricing of natural
resources and insurance
• Public Investment in Infrastructure: mostly related to
engineering solutions
• Production of Knowledge and Information
17. ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATION FOR
RESEARCH AREAS IN CC & THE AFNR SECTOR
A Proposed Platform for
Socio-Economic Research in the
Philippines
18. TWO KEY WORDS
• Downscaling
– Many important and significant studies on CC
are mostly global or regional in nature
– May not be useful for local level CC planning
– Action in CC would most likely be at the local
level
• Mainstreaming
– need to integrate policies and measures that
address climate change into development
planning and ongoing sectoral decision
making, so as to ensure the long term
sustainability of investments
19. SECTOR SPECIFIC STUDIES: FORESTRY
• Carbon Sequestration Studies
– Finding biomass equations to project tree growth; more accurate
carbon sequestration projections, etc.
• Vulnerability of Forest Ecosystems
– Assessing Vulnerability of different forest types and different
forest species to CC related threats
– Valuation of CC impacts/ damage on forest types and different
forest species from CC related threats
• Improving and Expanding Mitigation Options in
Forestry
– Exploring potential for participation in REDD programs through
PES schemes
– Valuation of Forest Ecosystem Services under CC
– Analysis/ Identification of effective provisions/ rules in CDM/
REDD contracts that would address leakage in forestry related
mitigation activities
20. SECTOR SPECIFIC STUDIES: AGRICULTURE
• Vulnerability Assessment of Agriculture
– Agricultural Vulnerability (Economic) Mapping
• Exploring Mitigation Options for Agriculture
– Assessing the mitigation potential of agricultural projects
and explore/identify “CDMable” agricultural projects
– Evaluating the net impact of agriculture or assessing the
carbon footprint of agriculture
– Explore PES for agricultural sequestration of carbon.
– Identifying negative tradeoffs bio-fuels
• Implementing Adaptation Options in Agriculture
– Use of weather indexed insurance for agriculture.
21. SECTOR SPECIFIC STUDIES: COASTAL
With CC, the problem or view is “seaward in” or from the
coast towards inland (as with typhoons and sea level rise).
Coastal areas are “sandwiched” by hazards but very little
information on impacts of CC related risks to coastal
fisheries, inland fishery, and aquaculture.
• Vulnerability Assessment
– Impact of Climate Change on Coastal and Inland
Fisheries Productivity.
• Implementing Adaptation Options for Coastal and
Inland Fisheries
– Evaluating and valuing the protective functions of
mangroves against sea level rise and storm surges
and creating a PES type scheme to encourage
mangrove conservation
• Exploring Mitigation Options for Coastal Areas
– Opportunities for Mangrove Conservation in REDD
program
22. CROSS CUTTING STUDIES
• Vulnerability Assessment
– Identify and develop community based vulnerability
assessment methodologies. Includes coming up with
Economic vulnerability measures/ indicators for the
different sectors
• Implementing Adaptation Options in the AFNR
– BCA of Adaptation Strategies/ Options in Agriculture,
Fisheries, and Forestry.
– Analyzing adaptation behavior (i.e. choice of adaptation
strategies) and adaptive capacity of natural resource
dependent households/ communities
– Analysis of coping mechanisms of natural resource
dependent households/ agrarian reform communities
– Increasing adaptive capacity through diversified and
sustainable livelihoods
– Assessing levels of adaptation deficit for AFNR at the
household and local government unit level.
23. CONCLUDING REMARKS
• In sum, the goal of any research initiative
related to climate change is to be
relevant. Relevance entails that these
studies either lead, aid, or permit local
level action that can contribute to solving
the global problem of Climate Change...
24. Thank you!
Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and
Natural resources Research and Development
(PCARRD)
Department of Science and Technology (DOST)