Unit01 - Software Development Process
SDLC Models
Software Engineering
Diploma in Computer/IT Engineering,
Gujarat Technological University, Gujarat, India
The document discusses key concepts and principles of software engineering practice. It covers the software development lifecycle including requirements analysis, planning, modeling, construction, testing, and deployment. It provides guidance on best practices for communication, modeling, design, coding, testing, and project management. The overall aim of software engineering is to develop reliable, maintainable and usable software that meets customer requirements.
Visual Studio is an integrated development environment from Microsoft used to develop applications for Windows, as well as web, Android, and iOS applications. It supports many programming languages and includes features like a code editor, debugger, and visual designers. Visual Studio editions include free Express editions suitable for smaller projects, and paid Professional, Premium, and Ultimate editions that offer additional tools and functionality for individual and professional developers.
C# is a component-oriented programming language that builds on the .NET framework. It has a familiar C-like syntax that is easy for developers familiar with C, C++, Java, and Visual Basic to adopt. C# is fully object-oriented and optimized for building .NET applications. Everything in C# belongs to a class, with basic data types including integers, floats, booleans, characters, and strings. C# supports common programming constructs like variables, conditional statements, loops, methods, and classes. C# can be easily combined with ASP.NET for building web applications in a powerful, fast, and high-level way.
This document outlines a software requirement specification (SRS) for a software system. It defines what an SRS is, including that it provides a complete description of the system's behavior and documents interactions between users and the software. The document also describes the key components of an SRS, including functionality, objectives, requirements, and constraints. It explains that an SRS is important as the official contract between developers and users, and serves as the basis for further system development. Finally, it provides an outline for the structure and contents of a full SRS document.
This lecture provide a review of requirement engineering process. The slides have been prepared after reading Ian Summerville and Roger Pressman work. This lecture is helpful to understand user, and user requirements.
This document discusses exception handling in programming. It defines an exception as a problem that occurs during program execution, such as dividing by zero. It describes two types of exception handling: unstructured and structured. Unstructured handling uses if/else statements or On Error GoTo. Structured handling uses Try/Catch blocks with keywords like Try, Catch, Finally, and Throw to control program flow. It also shows exception class hierarchies and provides a code example using Try/Catch.
Unit01 - Software Development Process
SDLC Models
Software Engineering
Diploma in Computer/IT Engineering,
Gujarat Technological University, Gujarat, India
The document discusses key concepts and principles of software engineering practice. It covers the software development lifecycle including requirements analysis, planning, modeling, construction, testing, and deployment. It provides guidance on best practices for communication, modeling, design, coding, testing, and project management. The overall aim of software engineering is to develop reliable, maintainable and usable software that meets customer requirements.
Visual Studio is an integrated development environment from Microsoft used to develop applications for Windows, as well as web, Android, and iOS applications. It supports many programming languages and includes features like a code editor, debugger, and visual designers. Visual Studio editions include free Express editions suitable for smaller projects, and paid Professional, Premium, and Ultimate editions that offer additional tools and functionality for individual and professional developers.
C# is a component-oriented programming language that builds on the .NET framework. It has a familiar C-like syntax that is easy for developers familiar with C, C++, Java, and Visual Basic to adopt. C# is fully object-oriented and optimized for building .NET applications. Everything in C# belongs to a class, with basic data types including integers, floats, booleans, characters, and strings. C# supports common programming constructs like variables, conditional statements, loops, methods, and classes. C# can be easily combined with ASP.NET for building web applications in a powerful, fast, and high-level way.
This document outlines a software requirement specification (SRS) for a software system. It defines what an SRS is, including that it provides a complete description of the system's behavior and documents interactions between users and the software. The document also describes the key components of an SRS, including functionality, objectives, requirements, and constraints. It explains that an SRS is important as the official contract between developers and users, and serves as the basis for further system development. Finally, it provides an outline for the structure and contents of a full SRS document.
This lecture provide a review of requirement engineering process. The slides have been prepared after reading Ian Summerville and Roger Pressman work. This lecture is helpful to understand user, and user requirements.
This document discusses exception handling in programming. It defines an exception as a problem that occurs during program execution, such as dividing by zero. It describes two types of exception handling: unstructured and structured. Unstructured handling uses if/else statements or On Error GoTo. Structured handling uses Try/Catch blocks with keywords like Try, Catch, Finally, and Throw to control program flow. It also shows exception class hierarchies and provides a code example using Try/Catch.
This document introduces Eclipse, an integrated development environment (IDE). It discusses what an IDE is and provides examples. Eclipse is presented as a cross-platform IDE that provides features to ease Java programming like an editor, debugger, and source control. The document guides how to download, install, and run Eclipse. It demonstrates creating a Java project in Eclipse, adding packages and classes, and importing and running code.
Visual Studio is an integrated development environment from Microsoft used to develop software applications for Windows, web, and mobile. It includes features like a code editor, debugger, and various designers to aid in building graphical user interfaces, web pages, databases and more. Visual Studio supports many programming languages and has different versions released since 1995 with continuous updates and new features.
This document provides an overview of a requirements specification (SRS) for a software engineering project. It defines what an SRS is, its purpose, types of requirements it should include, its typical structure, characteristics of a good SRS, and benefits of developing an SRS. The SRS is intended to clearly define the requirements for a software product to guide its design and development.
The document provides an introduction to Java programming language. It discusses that Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems in 1991 and was named Oak. It was later renamed to Java in 1995. The document also describes Java features such as it is a purely object-oriented language, platform independent, secure, robust, portable, and supports multithreading.
The document discusses software requirements analysis and engineering. It describes the requirement engineering process, which includes feasibility study, requirement gathering, software requirement specification, and validation. It discusses analyzing requirements, modeling them, and documenting them in a specification. The analysis process aims to understand customer needs and translate them into a requirements specification. Various analysis techniques are covered like use case diagrams, classes, behaviors, and flows.
This document discusses Microsoft's .NET framework and its confrontation with Sun Microsystems' Java platform. It provides an overview of key aspects of .NET such as the Common Language Runtime (CLR), Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL), and support for multiple programming languages. It also compares .NET's approach of targeting a virtual machine to traditional compiled languages that target specific operating systems and hardware configurations.
This document introduces Flask, a Python framework for building web applications. It explains that Flask uses Python decorators to define routes for the web server. Before writing a Flask application, the reader is instructed to install Python, pip, virtualenv, and Flask within a new project directory. The basics of writing a Flask application are then covered, including running the application and defining routes to return responses. The document ends with quiz questions and resources for learning more about Flask.
The document outlines the phases of the software development life cycle (SDLC) including requirements and analysis, design, development, testing, deployment, and maintenance. Requirements and analysis involves creating a software requirements specification document. Design has high-level and low-level phases to design logical and detailed views. Development is the coding phase based on functional specifications. Testing verifies programs against requirements through unit, integration, and system testing. Deployment involves acceptance testing and moving to the customer's production environment. Maintenance supports regular upgrades after deployment.
Threads allow multiple tasks to run concurrently within a single Java program. A thread represents a separate path of execution and threads can be used to improve performance. There are two main ways to create threads: by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface. Threads transition between different states like new, runnable, running, blocked, and terminated. Synchronization is needed to prevent race conditions when multiple threads access shared resources simultaneously. Deadlocks can occur when threads wait for each other in a circular manner.
This document provides an overview of scripting languages. It defines a script as a program or sequence of instructions interpreted by another program rather than the processor. Scripting languages are programming languages that support scripts and can interpret and automate tasks. The document discusses server-side scripting, which connects to databases on the web server and can access the file system. It also covers client-side scripting, which executes in the browser, and compares the advantages of server-side and client-side scripting. Popular scripting languages for each are also listed.
This document provides an overview of Java applets, including:
- Applets are small Java programs that can be transported over the network and embedded in HTML pages.
- The main types of Java programs are standalone programs and web-based programs like applets.
- Applets differ from applications in that they have a predefined lifecycle and are embedded in web pages rather than running independently.
- The Applet class is the superclass for all applets and defines methods corresponding to the applet lifecycle stages like init(), start(), paint(), stop(), and destroy().
- Common methods for applets include drawString() for output, setBackground()/getBackground() for colors, and showStatus() to display in
The document discusses the process of requirement engineering which involves identifying stakeholders, eliciting requirements, building use cases, negotiating requirements, and validating them. It explains the various steps in requirement engineering like understanding needs, analyzing and defining requirements, and establishing groundwork through stakeholder identification and viewpoints. The overall goal of requirement engineering is to help software engineers better understand problems by involving various participants like managers, customers and users.
The document provides an overview of the basics of C# 2008 .NET 3.0/3.5, including the basic structure of a C# program, namespaces, classes, methods, variables, data types, operators, flow control, arrays, namespaces, console input/output, and comments. It discusses key concepts such as object-oriented programming fundamentals, console applications in Visual Studio 2008, and more advanced topics such as checked and unchecked operators.
This document provides an overview and instructions for creating a Windows Form Application using C# and Microsoft Visual Studio. It discusses concepts related to Windows Forms and how to add items like forms, controls, properties and events. Code examples are provided for handling events, linking between forms, and accessing the code behind a form. The speaker information and a table of contents are also included.
This document provides an overview of basic object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts including objects, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and data abstraction. It defines objects as entities with both data (characteristics) and behavior (operations). Classes are blueprints that are used to create objects. Inheritance allows objects to inherit properties from parent classes. Polymorphism allows code to take different forms. Encapsulation wraps data and functions into classes, hiding information. Data abstraction focuses on important descriptions without details.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the C# programming language. It discusses prerequisites, learning objectives, and the agenda. It covers Hello World examples, design goals of C#, types including value types and reference types, program structure, statements, operators, and using Visual Studio and the .NET framework. Key topics are the unified type system in C#, value types vs reference types, boxing and unboxing, predefined types like integers and strings, and object being the root type.
Software Engineering (Software Process: A Generic View)ShudipPal
This document provides an overview of software processes and engineering. It defines a software process as a series of predictable steps that lead to a timely, high-quality product. The document then discusses the generic process framework activities of communication, planning, modeling, construction, and deployment. It also covers umbrella activities like project management, reviews, and quality assurance that span the entire software process. Finally, it introduces the Capability Maturity Model Integration for assessing software processes and describes its five maturity levels from initial to optimized.
Chapter 10 Testing and Quality Assurance1Unders.docxketurahhazelhurst
Chapter 10:
Testing and Quality
Assurance
1
Understand quality & basic techniques for software verification and validation.
Analyze basics of software testing and testing techniques.
Discuss the concept of “inspection” process.
Objectives
2
Quality assurance (QA): activities designed
to measure and improve quality in a product— and process.
Quality control (QC): activities designed to validate and verify the quality of the product through detecting faults and “fixing” the defects.
Need good techniques, process, tools,
and team.
Testing Introduction
similar
3
Two traditional definitions:
Conforms to requirements.
Fit to use.
Verification: checking software conforms to
its requirements (did the software evolve
from the requirements properly; does the software “work”?)
Is the system correct?
Validation: checking software meets user requirements (fit to use)
Are we building the correct system?
What Is “Quality”?
4
Testing: executing program in a controlled environment and “verifying/validating” output.
Inspections and reviews.
Formal methods (proving software correct).
Static analysis detects “error-prone conditions.”
Some “Error-Detection” Techniques (finding errors)
5
Error: a mistake made by a programmer or software engineer that caused the fault, which in turn may cause a failure
Fault (defect, bug): condition that may cause a failure in the system
Failure (problem): inability of system to perform a function according to its spec due to some fault
Fault or failure/problem severity (based on consequences)
Fault or failure/problem priority (based on importance of developing a fix, which is in turn based
on severity)
Faults and Failures
6
Activity performed for:
Evaluating product quality
Improving products by identifying defects and having them fixed prior to software release
Dynamic (running-program) verification of program’s behavior on a finite set of test cases selected from execution domain.
Testing can NOT prove product works 100%—even though we use testing to demonstrate that parts of the software works.
Testing
Not always
done!
7
Who tests?
Programmers
Testers/Req. Analyst
Users
What is tested?
Unit code testing
Functional code testing
Integration/system testing
User interface testing
Testing (cont.)
Why test?
Acceptance (customer)
Conformance (std, laws, etc.)
Configuration (user vs. dev.)
Performance, stress, security, etc.
How (test cases designed)?
Intuition
Specification based (black box)
Code based (white box)
Existing cases (regression)
8
Progression of Testing
Equivalence Class Partitioning
Divide the input into several groups, deemed “equivalent” for purposes of finding errors.
Pick one “representative” for each class used for testing.
Equivalence classes determined by req./design specifications and some intuition
Example: pick “larger” of
two integers and . . .
Lessen duplication.
Complete coverage.
10
Suppose we have n distinct functional requirements.
Su ...
This document introduces Eclipse, an integrated development environment (IDE). It discusses what an IDE is and provides examples. Eclipse is presented as a cross-platform IDE that provides features to ease Java programming like an editor, debugger, and source control. The document guides how to download, install, and run Eclipse. It demonstrates creating a Java project in Eclipse, adding packages and classes, and importing and running code.
Visual Studio is an integrated development environment from Microsoft used to develop software applications for Windows, web, and mobile. It includes features like a code editor, debugger, and various designers to aid in building graphical user interfaces, web pages, databases and more. Visual Studio supports many programming languages and has different versions released since 1995 with continuous updates and new features.
This document provides an overview of a requirements specification (SRS) for a software engineering project. It defines what an SRS is, its purpose, types of requirements it should include, its typical structure, characteristics of a good SRS, and benefits of developing an SRS. The SRS is intended to clearly define the requirements for a software product to guide its design and development.
The document provides an introduction to Java programming language. It discusses that Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems in 1991 and was named Oak. It was later renamed to Java in 1995. The document also describes Java features such as it is a purely object-oriented language, platform independent, secure, robust, portable, and supports multithreading.
The document discusses software requirements analysis and engineering. It describes the requirement engineering process, which includes feasibility study, requirement gathering, software requirement specification, and validation. It discusses analyzing requirements, modeling them, and documenting them in a specification. The analysis process aims to understand customer needs and translate them into a requirements specification. Various analysis techniques are covered like use case diagrams, classes, behaviors, and flows.
This document discusses Microsoft's .NET framework and its confrontation with Sun Microsystems' Java platform. It provides an overview of key aspects of .NET such as the Common Language Runtime (CLR), Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL), and support for multiple programming languages. It also compares .NET's approach of targeting a virtual machine to traditional compiled languages that target specific operating systems and hardware configurations.
This document introduces Flask, a Python framework for building web applications. It explains that Flask uses Python decorators to define routes for the web server. Before writing a Flask application, the reader is instructed to install Python, pip, virtualenv, and Flask within a new project directory. The basics of writing a Flask application are then covered, including running the application and defining routes to return responses. The document ends with quiz questions and resources for learning more about Flask.
The document outlines the phases of the software development life cycle (SDLC) including requirements and analysis, design, development, testing, deployment, and maintenance. Requirements and analysis involves creating a software requirements specification document. Design has high-level and low-level phases to design logical and detailed views. Development is the coding phase based on functional specifications. Testing verifies programs against requirements through unit, integration, and system testing. Deployment involves acceptance testing and moving to the customer's production environment. Maintenance supports regular upgrades after deployment.
Threads allow multiple tasks to run concurrently within a single Java program. A thread represents a separate path of execution and threads can be used to improve performance. There are two main ways to create threads: by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface. Threads transition between different states like new, runnable, running, blocked, and terminated. Synchronization is needed to prevent race conditions when multiple threads access shared resources simultaneously. Deadlocks can occur when threads wait for each other in a circular manner.
This document provides an overview of scripting languages. It defines a script as a program or sequence of instructions interpreted by another program rather than the processor. Scripting languages are programming languages that support scripts and can interpret and automate tasks. The document discusses server-side scripting, which connects to databases on the web server and can access the file system. It also covers client-side scripting, which executes in the browser, and compares the advantages of server-side and client-side scripting. Popular scripting languages for each are also listed.
This document provides an overview of Java applets, including:
- Applets are small Java programs that can be transported over the network and embedded in HTML pages.
- The main types of Java programs are standalone programs and web-based programs like applets.
- Applets differ from applications in that they have a predefined lifecycle and are embedded in web pages rather than running independently.
- The Applet class is the superclass for all applets and defines methods corresponding to the applet lifecycle stages like init(), start(), paint(), stop(), and destroy().
- Common methods for applets include drawString() for output, setBackground()/getBackground() for colors, and showStatus() to display in
The document discusses the process of requirement engineering which involves identifying stakeholders, eliciting requirements, building use cases, negotiating requirements, and validating them. It explains the various steps in requirement engineering like understanding needs, analyzing and defining requirements, and establishing groundwork through stakeholder identification and viewpoints. The overall goal of requirement engineering is to help software engineers better understand problems by involving various participants like managers, customers and users.
The document provides an overview of the basics of C# 2008 .NET 3.0/3.5, including the basic structure of a C# program, namespaces, classes, methods, variables, data types, operators, flow control, arrays, namespaces, console input/output, and comments. It discusses key concepts such as object-oriented programming fundamentals, console applications in Visual Studio 2008, and more advanced topics such as checked and unchecked operators.
This document provides an overview and instructions for creating a Windows Form Application using C# and Microsoft Visual Studio. It discusses concepts related to Windows Forms and how to add items like forms, controls, properties and events. Code examples are provided for handling events, linking between forms, and accessing the code behind a form. The speaker information and a table of contents are also included.
This document provides an overview of basic object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts including objects, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and data abstraction. It defines objects as entities with both data (characteristics) and behavior (operations). Classes are blueprints that are used to create objects. Inheritance allows objects to inherit properties from parent classes. Polymorphism allows code to take different forms. Encapsulation wraps data and functions into classes, hiding information. Data abstraction focuses on important descriptions without details.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the C# programming language. It discusses prerequisites, learning objectives, and the agenda. It covers Hello World examples, design goals of C#, types including value types and reference types, program structure, statements, operators, and using Visual Studio and the .NET framework. Key topics are the unified type system in C#, value types vs reference types, boxing and unboxing, predefined types like integers and strings, and object being the root type.
Software Engineering (Software Process: A Generic View)ShudipPal
This document provides an overview of software processes and engineering. It defines a software process as a series of predictable steps that lead to a timely, high-quality product. The document then discusses the generic process framework activities of communication, planning, modeling, construction, and deployment. It also covers umbrella activities like project management, reviews, and quality assurance that span the entire software process. Finally, it introduces the Capability Maturity Model Integration for assessing software processes and describes its five maturity levels from initial to optimized.
Chapter 10 Testing and Quality Assurance1Unders.docxketurahhazelhurst
Chapter 10:
Testing and Quality
Assurance
1
Understand quality & basic techniques for software verification and validation.
Analyze basics of software testing and testing techniques.
Discuss the concept of “inspection” process.
Objectives
2
Quality assurance (QA): activities designed
to measure and improve quality in a product— and process.
Quality control (QC): activities designed to validate and verify the quality of the product through detecting faults and “fixing” the defects.
Need good techniques, process, tools,
and team.
Testing Introduction
similar
3
Two traditional definitions:
Conforms to requirements.
Fit to use.
Verification: checking software conforms to
its requirements (did the software evolve
from the requirements properly; does the software “work”?)
Is the system correct?
Validation: checking software meets user requirements (fit to use)
Are we building the correct system?
What Is “Quality”?
4
Testing: executing program in a controlled environment and “verifying/validating” output.
Inspections and reviews.
Formal methods (proving software correct).
Static analysis detects “error-prone conditions.”
Some “Error-Detection” Techniques (finding errors)
5
Error: a mistake made by a programmer or software engineer that caused the fault, which in turn may cause a failure
Fault (defect, bug): condition that may cause a failure in the system
Failure (problem): inability of system to perform a function according to its spec due to some fault
Fault or failure/problem severity (based on consequences)
Fault or failure/problem priority (based on importance of developing a fix, which is in turn based
on severity)
Faults and Failures
6
Activity performed for:
Evaluating product quality
Improving products by identifying defects and having them fixed prior to software release
Dynamic (running-program) verification of program’s behavior on a finite set of test cases selected from execution domain.
Testing can NOT prove product works 100%—even though we use testing to demonstrate that parts of the software works.
Testing
Not always
done!
7
Who tests?
Programmers
Testers/Req. Analyst
Users
What is tested?
Unit code testing
Functional code testing
Integration/system testing
User interface testing
Testing (cont.)
Why test?
Acceptance (customer)
Conformance (std, laws, etc.)
Configuration (user vs. dev.)
Performance, stress, security, etc.
How (test cases designed)?
Intuition
Specification based (black box)
Code based (white box)
Existing cases (regression)
8
Progression of Testing
Equivalence Class Partitioning
Divide the input into several groups, deemed “equivalent” for purposes of finding errors.
Pick one “representative” for each class used for testing.
Equivalence classes determined by req./design specifications and some intuition
Example: pick “larger” of
two integers and . . .
Lessen duplication.
Complete coverage.
10
Suppose we have n distinct functional requirements.
Su ...
Coding and testing in Software EngineeringAbhay Vijay
The document discusses various aspects of software engineering coding practices. It describes the coding phase where design is transformed into code and tested. It emphasizes the importance of coding standards and guidelines to ensure uniform and understandable code. It also discusses code review, documentation, testing approaches like black box and white box testing, and the objectives of testing.
Data flow analysis is a type of static code analysis that examines how values are propagated through a program. It is more effective than pattern matching or regular static analysis at finding defects related to interactions between methods and classes that may be difficult to uncover through testing alone. Static analysis tools using data flow analysis can simulate execution paths to detect potential issues without requiring the code to be compiled and run. Developers are encouraged to use static testing tools to catch defects early in development, as prevention of bugs is more efficient than finding and fixing them later.
The document provides an overview of software testing, including why it is important, common terminology, and different testing techniques. It discusses black box testing, which focuses on testing functional requirements without knowledge of internal structure. White box testing uses knowledge of internal structure to detect errors. Gray box testing combines aspects of both black box and white box testing. The document also covers test design targets and techniques like equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis for black box testing, and code coverage analysis, data flow testing and error handling for white box testing.
The document discusses software testing techniques. It notes that often only final code is tested and there are many testing techniques. It then provides an overview of testing preliminaries, different test techniques, comparing techniques, and software reliability. Key points include that errors made early in development are often discovered late and are costly to fix, and it is beneficial to start testing early. The document discusses various manual and automated testing techniques like inspections, coverage-based testing, and requirements-based testing.
The document discusses the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC). It describes the various phases of SDLC like requirements gathering, analysis, design, coding, testing, and deployment. It then explains the stages of STLC in more detail - requirements analysis, test planning, test case development, environment setup, test execution, and test closure. Finally, it provides definitions related to the bug life cycle and its flow chart.
Exploratory testing is a hands-on approach where testers are involved in minimal planning and maximum test execution. The planning involves creating a test charter and objectives, while test design and execution are done in parallel without formally documenting test conditions, cases, or scripts. Some notes are taken during testing to produce a report afterwards. Use case testing identifies and executes the functional requirements of an application from start to finish using use cases. SDLC deals with software development/coding while STLC deals with validation and verification of software. A traceability matrix shows the relationship between test cases and requirements.
The document discusses various software testing strategies and concepts. It covers the goals of testing as verification (building the software right) and validation (building the right software). It also discusses different types of testing such as black box testing (based on inputs and outputs) and white box testing (based on code). Other topics covered include levels of testing (unit, integration, system), test measures, and a software testing plan.
This document discusses various software testing methodologies. It begins by defining software testing and its objectives. It then covers topics like verification and validation, unit testing, integration testing strategies, validation testing, system testing types, and software testing strategies. The remainder of the document focuses on different types of testing like white-box testing, black-box testing, and grey-box testing along with techniques like structural testing, code coverage, equivalence partitioning, and boundary value analysis.
This document provides an overview of topics related to implementing a software system design and ensuring it works properly. It discusses documentation of the system and code, testing approaches like unit testing, integration testing, and validation testing. It also covers related tasks like installation, training users, and ongoing maintenance. The goal is to translate the design into a working software system that meets requirements and can be effectively used.
This document discusses various tools and procedures for ensuring high code quality in Java development, including:
- Enforcing coding standards through code reviews and unit testing as part of the software development lifecycle.
- Measuring software quality through metrics like ease of testing and number of defects.
- Using static code analysis tools like FindBugs to identify issues and ensure compliance with best practices.
- Monitoring runtime performance with tools like JConsole and VisualVM.
This document discusses various techniques for testing software programs, including:
- Black-box testing that generates tests without knowledge of program internals based on specifications.
- Clear-box or white-box testing that generates tests from examining the program structure and flow.
- Path-based testing that aims to exercise different paths through a program to test conditions and branches.
- Data flow testing that matches variable definitions and uses to ensure values are propagated correctly.
Anders Claesson - Test Strategies in Agile Projects - EuroSTAR 2010TEST Huddle
EuroSTAR Software Testing Conference 2010 presentation onTest Strategies in Agile Projects by Anders Claesson . See more at: http://conference.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/past-presentations/
TDD involves first writing an automated test that fails, then writing just enough code to pass that test, and refactoring the code. The red-green-refactor process ensures code is tested and well-designed. Studies found TDD reduced pre-release defects by 40-90% and increased initial development time by 15-35%, but allowed for faster development long-term by eliminating bugs early. The document demonstrates TDD with a temperature converter in Xcode, starting with failing tests for -40C=-40F and 30C=86F then coding to pass them.
The document discusses the programming process and various concepts involved, including:
- Developing a program involves defining requirements, designing algorithms and pseudocode, coding, testing, documenting, and deploying the program.
- The program development cycle (software development life cycle) outlines stages like requirements gathering, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance.
- An algorithm is a set of steps to solve a problem, with characteristics like being well-defined, finite, deterministic, and producing the correct output. Pseudocode and flowcharts can be used to describe algorithms.
- A flowchart uses graphical symbols to represent a process through steps and decisions, helping communicate logic visually. Pseudocode describes algorithms
Control flow testing is a white box testing technique that uses the program's control flow graph to design test cases that execute different paths through the code. It involves creating a control flow graph from the source code, defining a coverage target like branches or paths, generating test cases to cover the target, and executing the test cases to analyze results. It is useful for finding bugs in program logic but does not test for missing or extra requirements.
The document provides an overview of a 5-week IT testing course. It discusses the aims of testing including understanding what testing is, why it is needed, and common testing methodologies. It also describes testing documentation like test plans, test cases, and traceability matrices. Finally, it covers topics like test scenarios, test case templates, levels of testing, and the bug life cycle.
Software testing is the act of examining the artifacts and the behavior of the software under test by validation and verification. Software testing can also provide an objective, independent view of the software to allow the business to appreciate and understand the risks of software implementation
Semelhante a SE2023 0401 Software Coding and Testing.pptx (20)
Unit02 - Software Analysis And Design
Use Case Diagram
Software Engineering
Diploma in Computer/IT Engineering,
Gujarat Technological University, Gujarat, India
Unit02 - Software Analysis And Design
Data Modeling
Software Engineering
Diploma in Computer/IT Engineering,
Gujarat Technological University, Gujarat, India
SE2023 0201 Software Analysis and Design.pptxBharat Chawda
This document provides an overview of software analysis and design. It discusses requirements gathering and analysis, the software requirements specification document, the design process, concepts of cohesion and coupling, data modeling, data flow diagrams, scenario based modeling, and architectural design decisions. The document is intended as a curriculum for diploma students in computer/IT engineering based on textbooks on software engineering. It covers topics such as the system analyst role, requirements elicitation techniques, requirements analysis to identify anomalies, characteristics of a good requirements specification, classification of customer requirements, the design process, design methodologies, and classifications of cohesion and coupling.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
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Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
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Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
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5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
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6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
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7. What is Prometheus?
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8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
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9. What is Camel K?
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10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
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11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
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12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
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See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
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The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
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5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
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Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
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Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
2. Overview
Introduction
Code Review
Software Documentation
Testing
Test Documentation
(As per GTU Curriculum – Diploma in Computer/IT Engineering)
Based on Books:
1. Fundamentals of Software Engineering – by Rajib Mall
2. Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach – by Roger Pressman
2
3. Introduction: Coding
When?
After:
Design phase is complete, and
Design docs are successfully reviewed
Objective
Design of System Code in high-level lang
Unit test this code
Coding Standards
Coding Guidelines
3
4. Code Review
When?
After: Module successfully compiles
All the syntax errors have been eliminated
Code review v/s Testing
CR: Cost-effective strategy for error elimination
CR: Direct detects errors
T: Detects failures only: diff i/p, circumstances
Testing: Requires efforts: Debugging – locate
errors; Error Correction – fix the bug
CR: Two Types
Code Walkthrough, Code Inspection
4
5. Code Walkthrough
Informal code analysis technique
When to review?
After: Module is Coded, Compiled, and Syntax Errors
are eliminated
How?
Few members of dev team are assigned this task
Each member selects some test cases
Simulate execution of code by hand
(Trace execution through different Statements and
Instructions of the code)
Note down findings; Discuss with coder in WT meeting
5
6. Code Walkthrough (cont)
Objective
Discover the algorithmic and logical errors in
the code
Guidelines
Team size: Not too big, not too small: 3-7
member
Focus on discovery of errors, not on how to fix
them
Managers should not attend WT meeting – To
avoid feeling: engineers are being evaluated
6
7. Code Inspection
Code is examined for the presence of some
common/classical programming
errors
Use of uninitialized variables
Incompatible assignments
Non terminating loops; Jumps into loops;
Improper modification of loop variables
Mismatch in arguments in procedure (fun) calls
Array indices out of bounds
Improper storage allocation and de-allocation
Use of incorrect logical operators; Precedence
Comparison of equality of floating point values 7
8. Code Inspection (cont)
Objective:
Check for the common types of errors
Check whether coding standard have been
adhered to
SW companies can maintain list of
commonly committed error check list for
code inspection
8
9. Software Documentation
SW Product
Executable files + Source Code + Documents
Documents: Users’ manual, SRS doc, Design
doc, Test doc, Installation manual, etc
Why required?
Enhances understandability of SW product;
Reduces effort & time required 4 maintenance
Help users to und & effectively use the system
Help in effectively tackling manpower turnover
Help manager to effectively track progress
9
10. SW: Internal Documentation
Code comprehension features: provided in
the source code itself
Comments embedded in the source code
Use of meaningful variable names
Module and function headers
Code indentation
Code structuring (modules + functions)
Use of constant identifiers
Use of enumerated types
Use of user-defined data types
10
11. SW: External Documentation
Contains various types of supportive docs
Users’ manual
SRS doc
Design doc
Test doc
Installation manual…
Features: Good external documentation
Consistency
Understandability
11
12. Gunning’s Fog Index
Metric to measure the readability of a document
Fog(D) = [0.4 * words/sentences] +
[% of words having >=3 syllables]
Example: “The Gunning’s fog index is based on
the premise that use of short sentences and
simple words makes a document easy to
understand”
Fog(D) = [0.4 * 23 / 1] + [4 / 23 * 100]
= 26
Indicates the no. of years of formal education
required to comfortably understand document
12
13. Testing: Introduction
Testing:
Aim: Identify all defects in a program
Error / Defect / Bug / Fault:
Mistake committed by development team
during any of the development phases.
Failure:
Manifestation of an error
Symptom of an error
Test case: Triplet [I, S, O]: I/P, State, O/P
Test suite: Set of all test cases…
13
15. Unit Testing
When?
After: Module has been coded and reviewed
How?
Design test cases
Develop Environment
Do testing
Environment
Driver + Module + Stub
(Stub: Dummy procedures with simplified behavior)
(Driver: Non-local data str + Code to call fun of module)
15
Driver
Stub
Module under Test
Global
Data
16. Black Box Testing
16
int find_max(int x, int y)
{
int max;
if (x>y)
max = x;
else
max = y;
return max;
}
x
y
max
find_max
17. Black Box Testing
Concept
Based on functional specification of SW
Based on functional behavior: Inputs/Outputs
Also known as: Functional Testing
No knowledge of design & code is required
Two main approaches
Equivalence Class Partitioning
Boundary Value Analysis
17
18. Black Box Testing: Example
SW: Computes square root of integer
values in the range of 0 and 5000.
Test Cases: Equivalence Class Partitioning
{-5, 500, 6000}
Test Cases: Boundary Value Analysis
{-1, 0, 5000, 5001}
18
19. White Box Testing
19
int find_max(int x, int y)
{
int max;
if (x>y)
max = x;
else
max = y;
return max;
}
x
y
max
find_max
20. White Box Testing
Concept
Based on analysis of code
Based on structure of the implementation
Also known as: Structural Testing
Knowledge of design & code is required
Two Types
Fault based: Targets: detect certain types of F
Coverage based: Targets: execute (cover)
certain elements of a program
20
21. White Box T: Coverage based
Strategies
Statement Coverage
Each statement should be executed at least once
Branch Coverage
Each branch : traversed at least once
Condition Coverage
Each condition : True at least once and false at least
once
Path Coverage
Each linearly independent path : executed at least
once
21
22. White Box T: Example
int test (int x, int y)
{ int z;
z = -1;
if (x>0 && y>0)
z = x;
return z;
}
22
Statement Coverage:
{(x=1,y=1)}
Branch Coverage:
{(1,1), (0,0)}
Condition Coverage:
{(0,0), (0,1), (1,0), (1,1)}
23. White Box T: Path Coverage
Concept
All linearly independent paths in the program
are executed at least once
CFG: Control Flow Graph
Directed graph – consisting of a set of Nodes
(N) and Edges (E) where
Nodes (N): corresponds to a unique program
statement
Edges (E): Transfer of control From one node
to another node
23
24. White Box T: Path Coverage
Example:
int gcd (int x, int y)
{
while (x!=y)
{
if (x>y)
x=x-y;
else
y=y-x;
}
return x;
}
24
25. White Box T: Path Coverage
Example:
int gcd (int x, int y)
{
1. while (x!=y)
{
2. if (x>y)
3. x=x-y;
else
4. y=y-x;
5. }
6. return x;
}
25
1
2
3 4
5
6
CFG:
26. Cyclomatic Complexity Metric
V(G) = E – N + 2
V(G) = Total number of Non-overlapping
Bounded Areas + 1
V(G) = Total number of Non-overlapping
Areas
V(G) = Decision Points + 1
V(G) = Predicate Nodes + 1
26
Cyclomatic Complexity of previous example of GCD: 3
27. Test Documentation
When: Towards end of testing
Represents: Test summary report
Specifies:
Total number of tests: applied to a sub-system
How many tests were successful
How many tests were unsuccessful; and at
which extent (degree): totally or partially
27