Sc2218 lecture 2 (2010) ivle
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This document discusses the origins and development of modern anthropology. It focuses on the work of early anthropologists like Franz Boas who pioneered the concept of cultural relativism. Boas rejected the idea that cultures evolve in linear stages, arguing instead that each culture must be understood on its own terms rather than in comparison to others. He established anthropology as a scientific, professional field of study based on long-term fieldwork and helped shape the discipline's anti-racist, humanistic traditions. The document also examines how anthropology has changed since colonial times, with the rise of national anthropologies and a more globalized approach.
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This document discusses the origins and development of anthropology as an academic discipline. It begins by introducing early travelers like Ibn Battuta and Ma Huan, and how their writings relate to modern anthropology. It then covers the work of early anthropologists like Franz Boas, who pioneered long-term fieldwork and the idea of cultural relativism. Boas rejected the notion that cultures evolve in a linear progression, instead arguing that each culture must be understood on its own terms. The document also discusses how anthropology has changed from a colonial pursuit focused on "primitive" peoples, to a more global and self-reflective field in the post-colonial era.
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This document provides an overview and outline of a lecture on culture and the human condition. It discusses definitions of culture, comparing Tylor, Boas and Geertz's definitions. It also distinguishes between culture as a general process and cultures as patterned outcomes. Urban systems are used as an example of social systems emerging from exchange relationships, while countries are used as an example of cultural systems emerging from shared symbols and representations.
Sc2220 lecture 5 2012
The document discusses how advertising reinforces gender stereotypes by portraying women as sex objects and men as success objects. It notes that while some aspects of beauty are consistent across cultures, such as symmetry and waist-to-hip ratio, standards of beauty vary widely between societies and are influenced by factors like available resources, technology, and racism. The document concludes that gender systems are shaped by multiple cultural, social, and biological factors rather than having a single cause.
Sc2218 lecture 9 (2011)
The document discusses the concepts of community, ethnicity, race, and nation from an anthropological perspective. It explains how early anthropology viewed "community" as a taken-for-granted concept but now anthropologists study how communities are formed and imagined. Communities are imagined and defined by shared beliefs and identities rather than physical co-location. Race, ethnicity, and nationality are also socially constructed concepts with shifting and arbitrary definitions over time. Census categories in Singapore from 1871 to 2000 demonstrate how racial and ethnic classifications have changed.
Sc2220 lecture 4 2012
Gender systems are complex and change through the interaction of beliefs and practices at multiple levels over time. Both changing beliefs and changing practices can drive gender system change, and the relationship between the two is dynamic and bidirectional.
Sc2218 Lecture 5 (2008a)
The document discusses kinship systems among different cultures. It begins by defining kinship and explaining how kinship structures social relationships through cultural interpretations of biological reproduction. It then provides examples of kinship systems among the Ju/'hoansi people, including their complex rules around naming, marriage, residence and joking/avoidance relationships between relatives. The document contrasts patrilineal and patrilocal systems, which tend to be patriarchal, with matrilineal and matrilocal systems, which tend to be more egalitarian. It discusses how kinship systems influence gender roles, inheritance, and power dynamics within families and societies.
Sc2220 lecture 12 2011
This document provides an overview and outline of a university lecture on gender studies. It discusses:
1) The history and development of gender studies from a sociology of women to a sociology of gender.
2) Key concepts in gender studies including the distinction between sex and gender, and how gender roles are learned through socialization.
3) How gender is performed and constructed through cultural influences like media, advertising, and popular culture.
4) Common exam questions and tips for writing a good essay exam response.
Sc2218 Lecture 6 (2008a)
The document discusses gender and sexuality from an anthropological perspective. It begins by defining key concepts like sex, gender and sexuality, and how they differ. It then examines how gender and sexuality are cultural constructs that vary widely across societies, rather than being innate or biologically determined. Specific examples are provided of varying concepts of gender, as well as the naturalization of gender norms.
Sc2220 lecture 3 2011
This document summarizes three models of gender socialization in children from ages 2 to 10:
1) Direct teaching/rewards and punishment model where adults directly teach gender roles through encouragement or discipline.
2) Indirect teaching/identification and modeling behavior model where children learn by imitating same-sex parents and adults.
3) Peer-to-peer socialization model where children primarily learn gender roles from interacting with same-sex peers.
As children age, their social worlds become more segregated by gender, with most interactions by age 6-10 being with same-sex peers who reinforce gender stereotypes. Multiple complex influences shape socialization, including parents, peers, media and general cultural norms.
Sc2220 lecture 4 2011
This document provides a summary of a lecture on masculinity and femininity. It discusses:
1) Where gender studies has been, from the study of women to theories of gender. It also discusses the sex/gender distinction and gender socialization.
2) The content of the current lecture, including where gender systems come from, unpacking gender systems through examining beliefs and practices, and examples of gender systems and their changing nature over time.
3) Examples of how gender beliefs can affect evaluations of people's skills and products, and an example of how economic crisis in Russia marginalized men both in and out of the home.
Sc2220 lecture 6 2011
This lecture discusses gender in popular culture, focusing on representations of masculinity and femininity. It analyzes the pop group Pussycat Dolls, noting their themes of asserting female sexuality and independence while portraying men as useless or overly aggressive. The implications for gender and power relationships are complex, as leveraging sexuality can empower women by contesting the male gaze, but may also lead to objectification over time. The appropriateness and impact of various popular culture portrayals remains open to debate.
Sc2220 lecture 1 2011
This document provides an overview of a Gender Studies course, including expectations and assignments. It introduces key topics like feminism, waves of feminism in America and Singapore, and changing gender relations over time. The final exam will consist of three comprehensive essay questions testing knowledge from lectures, readings, films and tutorials. Participation is required on the course Wiki to discuss and analyze assigned materials.
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Semelhante a Sc2218 lecture 2 (2010) ivle
01anth103 intro kirwin_f19a
Introduction to Anthropology, the four subfields of anthropology, and the definition of culture for this Cultural Anthropology course.
Anthropological Theories and Theoretical Orientations
The document discusses the evolution of theories in anthropology from the 16th century encounters between Europeans and indigenous peoples, leading to the emergence of the field of anthropology. Early approaches included evolutionism, which viewed culture as progressing through universal stages from simple to complex. Race theory emerged which attributed behavioral and cultural differences to separate human subspecies. Diffusionism explained cultural traits and changes through spread from core areas. Modern anthropology developed historical particularism and functionalism to understand cultures through their unique histories and as systems that fulfill social needs. Later approaches included cultural ecology, sociobiology, structuralism, political economy, feminist perspectives and more recently postmodernism.
anthropology- Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences.pptx
Anthropology is the systematic study of humans, their societies, and cultures across time and place. It is divided into five main subfields: social/cultural anthropology which studies social patterns and cultural variation; linguistic anthropology which examines how language shapes culture and society; biological/physical anthropology which studies human evolution and biology; archaeology which analyzes prehistoric human artifacts and environments; and the most interdisciplinary is social anthropology which integrates elements from other fields to comprehensively understand humanity. Some renowned anthropologists who made significant contributions include Margaret Mead, Bronislaw Malinowski, Alfred Kroeber, Clifford Geertz, and Edward Tylor.
Anthropological Theory class presentation
This document summarizes the history and development of anthropology in the Philippines from the Spanish colonial period through the American colonial period to the present. It discusses how early anthropological studies focused on racial classification of Filipinos and treating them as "objects" of study. It then outlines how anthropology at the University of the Philippines evolved under scholars like H.O. Beyer to focus on areas like archaeology, ethnography, and social engineering. The document argues that anthropology needs to move towards a more socially engaged and public form to address its colonial past of defining the self through the other.
Chapter 1: Introduction to Anthropology
I have compiled these notes from different resources. I am hopeful that these notes will help students who are willing to grab information on this subject for civil services exams or university exams. Good Luck
Post colonialist theories
This document provides an overview of post-colonial theories. It discusses how post-colonialism emerged in response to the loss of colonial possessions by European powers in the late 20th century. Post-colonialism examines the cultural impacts and ongoing effects of colonialism, including on literature. Key post-colonial theorists discussed include Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, Frantz Fanon, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o and Chinua Achebe. Central concepts of post-colonial theory addressed in the document include Orientalism, hybridity, and mimicry.
Development of anthropological thought
Modern anthropological thought focuses on understanding cultural diversity from both scientific and humanistic perspectives. Scientific anthropologists aim to identify general principles and collect data to study how cultures change and develop over time. They view culture as influenced by evolutionary processes. In contrast, humanistic anthropologists see each culture as unique and treat it as a product of its history. Early anthropological theories proposed stages of cultural evolution, but this unilineal approach was later rejected in favor of historicism, which sees each culture as shaped by its own unique past. Functionalism also emerged, viewing culture as serving biological and social needs. Today, anthropology remains divided between humanistic and scientific approaches such as evolutionary psychology.
Jane Johnston Schoolcraft Writing Within The Middle Ground
Jane Johnston Schoolcraft was a mixed Ojibwe-Irish writer in the early 19th century. She served as an informant for her husband Henry Rowe Schoolcraft's ethnographic work, though her own contributions were often not credited. Her writing represented Ojibwe culture to Euroamerican audiences using the literary forms of Romantic poetry and folktales. Her work engaged with colonial representations of indigenous peoples on their own terms, presenting her experiences of Ojibwe culture from her own perspective as a native speaker.
03anth103 fieldethnokirwinf19
Ethnographic fieldwork involves living with and observing a community over an extended period to understand their lives from an emic perspective. It developed from early travelers' accounts, through colonialism-era armchair anthropology, to the professional fieldworkers who established key methods. Franz Boas conducted salvage ethnography of Indigenous groups, establishing participant observation. Bronislaw Malinowski's work in Papua New Guinea developed this method and structural functionalism. Their work established ethnography as the primary research method in cultural anthropology.
Major contribution to postcolonial theory and their work.pptx
The primary concern of Postcolonial theory is European colonial rule and its political, economic, historical, and social impact on the world.
It examine the ways in which colonizers subjugate people and deny them power to define themselves.
Spivak describes herself as a “para-disciplinary, ethical philosopher”
The Island of Dr. Moreau
Historical background
Theory of evolution - Darwin
Victorian Society
Analysis of the story:
Elements, style, tone, symbolism
INT-450 Cultural Anthropology Topic 4c Cultural Artifacts
This document discusses cultural artifacts and provides examples of different types of cultural artifacts, including myths, cultural texts, food, cultural/religious objects, and rituals/traditions. It focuses specifically on myths, providing definitions of myths, grand myths/meta-narratives, and examining the Christian worldview story as an example of a meta-narrative. It also discusses analyzing myths by looking at elements like characters, plot, themes, and how the myth shapes a culture's identity and worldview. National and religious myths are also examined. Finally, the document discusses cultural texts and provides guidance on analyzing cultural texts like literature, songs, art, and films.
POST COLONIAL chapter: Imagining the world
This document discusses concepts related to Orientalism. It describes how imagined geographies in historical texts portrayed other parts of the world, like Ethiopia, as inhabited by imagined others who were strangely different from Europeans. These imagined others were described as having transformations in their bodies, lives, needs, and more. The document also discusses how Orientalism shaped European views of the world and defined spaces like the Orient through the texts and perspectives of Europeans rather than people from those regions. Several discourses and themes are also outlined, like how Orientalism viewed concepts like development, morality, rationality, religion, and race in contrasting the Orient with Europe.
Introduction to Anthropology
Anthropology is the study of humanity that dates back to ancient Greece. It began to take shape as a distinct discipline in the 19th century as Europeans explored other parts of the world and kept detailed records of other cultures. Early anthropologists studied concepts like evolution, race, and culture. They sought to understand human physical and cultural diversity. Today, anthropology has four main fields - physical anthropology, archaeology, anthropological linguistics, and cultural anthropology. Researchers integrate scientific techniques with humanistic approaches to gain holistic understanding of human diversity and cultural practices around the world.
The Palestinian QuestionWeek 9 Ideology & Science - Consolida.docx
The Palestinian Question
Week 9: Ideology & Science - Consolidating Zionism
Professor: Abeer Shaheen
1
Main Discussion Topics:
How science has been deployed to consolidate the Zionist myth/narrative/claims?
Biology/Race/Zionism
Archaeology/Zionism
The Debate
2
Biology & Social Science:
What is the relationship between biology and social science?
Biology: As a science that provided empirical foundations to the philosophy of human social relations.
Race: Humans with common biological roots can constitute a race – i.e. one of the basic justifications for a national group.
End Results: Biological rationalization of sociocultural discrimination:
European Racism: The physical features of Jews and their sociocultural traits are functions of their biological distinctiveness.
3
Biology & Race:
What is the relationship between biology and social science?
Racial science in the 19th & 20th centuries was one of the chief weapons used against European Jews – exemplified by the scientific practices of Nazi Germany.
Unleashed forces of antisemitism and European nationalism in the forms of “racial difference” and racial discrimination against the Jews.
Race Theory’s main assumption: Jews are not white.
Jews were often cast as the embodiment or incarnation of the negative, the dangerous, and the degenerate.
4
Biology & Race:
What is the relationship between biology and Zionism?
Zionist intellectual leaders embraced the language and science of race to preserve the “Jewish existence”:
In Europe: As a way to assert their Jewish difference through developing a secular conception of Jewishness.
In the US: As a way to assert their Jewish difference in the face of a large assimilation project into a Christian society.
5
Biology & Social Science:
In Europe: Biology as a Nation-Making Project
Zionism: A late event of the European biologically based national project.
Embraced biology as a tool to prove the existence of a Jewish race – through their distinctive biological identity.
Rejected projects of integration & assimilation.
Adopted the concept of Volk (Nation) in terms of a nation-race as molded by the European notion of Blood and Soil.
6
Biology & Social Science:
In Israel: Biology as a Nation-Building Project
The State’s Political Apparatus: Motivated by the statement: “I too, like Hitler, believe in the power of blood” (Chaim Nachman Bialik, The Hebrew University,1934).
The State’s Scientific Apparatus: Played a central role in the:
Development of genomics and the applications of biological technological innovations, including DNA sequencing and analyses to prove the Jewish genes/DNA.
Establishment of the first research project: The Genetics of Migrant and Isolate Populations.
7
Biology & Race:
Biological/Molecular Genomic Research: A National Political Project
In the first half of the 20th century, the project’s central theme was to emphasize the existence of Jews as a biological identity.
In the second half of the 20th century, th ...
Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Week 1
This document provides an overview of the origins of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It begins by outlining the conflicting worldviews between the post-colonial perspective and the Jewish and Palestinian narratives. It then discusses the origins of European Jewry, tracing their historical connection to the land of Israel through archaeological evidence, literary evidence, and their continuous presence in the land for over 2000 years. It also examines the origins of the Palestinian people, noting that the local Arab population increased in the 19th century as the region developed and others were displaced from neighboring lands. Finally, it discusses the origins of the Palestinian refugee crisis, with the Israeli perspective being that Arab leaders told inhabitants to flee in 1948 but promised citizenship to those who remained, while
Social Anth. Module 1 Topics 1&2 (1) (1).pptx
Bridging global and local perspectives, anthropologists decode universal human truths in diverse cultures. Their expertise aids politicians in addressing community challenges, guides multinationals in local adaptation, and supports educators in fostering intercultural understanding. Anthropologists, breaking down cultural barriers, amplify marginalized voices, offering crucial insights for catalyzing positive societal change.
Sc2218 lecture 3 (2010)
This lecture discusses human diversity and challenges the idea that biological race exists or is a valid way to categorize humans. It explains that while people can be classified based on biological traits like skin color or blood type, these traits do not "cohere" enough between or within populations to define distinct races. The lecture discusses evidence that humans migrated out of Africa along multiple routes starting over 50,000 years ago, and that biological changes in humans have been minor for the past 50,000 years while cultural changes have diversified human groups. The key point is that all living humans have the same innate capacity for developing culture, so human differences are best understood as cultural rather than racial.
03begin
Plato argued that societies require a "noble lie" to maintain social control and stability. In his work The Republic, he describes an ideal city divided into categories of rulers, auxiliaries, and farmers, with each person's place determined by the metal found in their soul - gold, silver, or iron. The rulers would tell the noble lie that this categorization was due to God's will rather than circumstances. The lie was meant to keep the lower classes content with their place in the social structure.
Volume 23, No. 1 Bulletin of the General Anthropology.docx
Volume 23, No. 1 Bulletin of the General Anthropology Division Spring, 2016
Tales of the ex-Apes
By Jonathan Marks
UNC-Charlotte
The GAD Distinguished Lecture, given
November 20, 2015, is based on a book
of the same title, recently published by
the University of California Press.
This will be an exploration of meaning
in human evolution without paleoanthro-
pology. I’m not talking about the foot of
Australopithecus sediba or the supraor-
bital torus of Homo erectus; I want to
talk about who we are and where we
came from. I am talking about origin
myths; I am talking about kinship. I am
not talking about human evolution; I’m
talking about how we talk about human
evolution.
Human evolution as bio-politics
Let me start off, then, with a sort of epi-
graph by Carleton Coon. Coon is not
remembered fondly today, because in the
early 1960s, as President of the Ameri-
can Association of Physical Anthropolo-
gists, he was secretly colluding with the
segregationists, giving them preprints of
his book which purported to demonstrate
that the reason that Africans were eco-
nomically and politically subjugated by
Europeans is that they hadn’t been mem-
bers of our species for very long, be-
cause whites had evolved into Homo
sapiens 200,000 years before blacks did.
And I’m happy to say that most of his
contemporaries smacked him down, and
in particular he got into a heated ex-
change with the great fruit fly geneticist
Theodosius Dobzhansky, who, I might
add, was a member of the American An-
(See Marks, page 2)
When the Mines Closed:
Heritage Building in North-
eastern Pennsylvania
By Paul A. Shackel and V. Camille
Westmont
University of Maryland
Introduction
Since 2009, the Anthracite Heritage Pro-
ject has focused on social issues in
Northeastern Pennsylvania (NEPA).
NEPA is a resource rich, economically
poor area located in the northernmost
reaches of the Appalachian Region.
While anthracite coal was discovered in
this region in the late eighteenth century,
large scale extraction of this carbon fos-
sil fuel did not occur until the middle of
the nineteenth century with the develop-
ment of railroads and canal systems. It is
the fuel that helped propel American
industry to become an international
leader in manufacturing. Our goal in this
project is to study the rise and fall of the
anthracite coal industry, and to address
inequities in the community, past and
present, related to work, labor, gender,
race, and immigration.
The NEPA communities, including
the city of Hazleton, the focus of our
study, developed in the mid-nineteenth
century with a massive influx of newly
arrived foreign immigrants who were
necessary for the extraction of coal. This
migration also created a ready workforce
with more available workers than jobs.
Surplus labor allowed the coal operators
to keep wages relatively low with the
threat that there were always willin.
Semelhante a Sc2218 lecture 2 (2010) ivle (20)
Anthropological Theories and Theoretical Orientations
Anthropological Theories and Theoretical Orientations
anthropology- Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences.pptx
anthropology- Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences.pptx
Jane Johnston Schoolcraft Writing Within The Middle Ground
Jane Johnston Schoolcraft Writing Within The Middle Ground
Major contribution to postcolonial theory and their work.pptx
Major contribution to postcolonial theory and their work.pptx
INT-450 Cultural Anthropology Topic 4c Cultural Artifacts
INT-450 Cultural Anthropology Topic 4c Cultural Artifacts
The Palestinian QuestionWeek 9 Ideology & Science - Consolida.docx
The Palestinian QuestionWeek 9 Ideology & Science - Consolida.docx
Volume 23, No. 1 Bulletin of the General Anthropology.docx
Volume 23, No. 1 Bulletin of the General Anthropology.docx
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Sc2220 lecture 10 2012
This document discusses gender issues in Singapore, including the "flight from marriage" phenomenon where many educated Singaporean women are choosing not to marry. It has led to a skewed gender ratio in the marriage market. The document also examines how Singapore imports foreign female labor as domestic workers and brides to compensate for the marriage gap. This has contributed to the rise of "transnational patriarchy" where Singaporean men leverage their citizenship to marry foreign women from countries like Thailand in order to maintain patriarchal privileges of having a traditional wife and family. However, this often results in cultural conflicts between the expectations of Singaporean men and their families and the backgrounds of their foreign brides.
Sc2220 lecture 9 2012
This document summarizes key concepts from a lecture on gender studies, including: the history of gender studies; gender socialization and systems; explanations for the gender wage gap such as choices women make, gendered organizations, and discrimination; the "double shift" worked by women; and the marginalization of men in domestic work. It also discusses cultural bias against stay-at-home fathers and the concept of gendered institutions.
Sc2220 lecture 8 2012
The document discusses explanations for the development of patriarchal societies. It argues that three interrelated factors contributed: 1) the greater biological investment required of women in child rearing due to pregnancy and lactation, 2) the potential for male cuckoldry creating disincentives for paternal investment, and 3) how these first two factors influenced the development of sexual and resource exchange systems between men and women that gave men influence over female sexuality and children.
Sc2220 lecture 6 2012
The document provides information about various topics for an upcoming gender studies course. It begins by reminding students of upcoming deadlines to submit wiki contributions and complete a midterm feedback survey. It then announces an event called "The Hijab Challenge" and provides a link for more information. The rest of the document outlines topics that have already been covered in the course and topics that will be covered going forward, including gender in popular culture, social relations, and contemporary Singapore. It addresses some student feedback and questions about applying the knowledge from the course.
Sc2220 lecture 3 2012
1. The document discusses three models of gender socialization: direct teaching through rewards/punishment; indirect teaching through identification and modeling of same-sex parents; and peer-to-peer socialization.
2. As children age, their interactions become increasingly segregated by gender, with more same-sex interactions compared to cross-sex interactions.
3. Multiple complex influences shape children's socialization, including direct teaching, modeling behavior, peer socialization, and general cultural influences from television and society.
Sc2220 lecture 2 2012
This document discusses a lecture on human sex and sexuality. It begins by covering key facts about sexual reproduction, including how it creates more variety than asexual reproduction and allows for faster evolution. It then discusses different types of sexual reproduction in species, including sequential hermaphrodites and simultaneous hermaphrodites. The document emphasizes that biology does not determine gender, as gender is a social and cultural construct, and different cultures interpret human biology in various ways. It also notes that biological sex exists on multiple levels and is not strictly binary, as some individuals are intersex.
Sc2220 Lecture 1 2012
The document outlines the syllabus for a gender studies course, including warnings about course content involving sex and sexuality, assignments such as participating in discussion groups and contributing to a course wiki, and a final exam that will be comprehensive and involve writing two essays to answer questions about all material covered in the course.
Sc2218 lecture 12 (2011)
The document discusses recent trends in anthropology, focusing on three main challenges: who anthropologists are, evolving theoretical frameworks, and understanding a changing world. It analyzes trends in American anthropology, noting influential scholars and shifting influences from other disciplines. Key areas of study include globalization, identity, politics, and local experiences. Overall, anthropology is moving from describing isolated cultures to understanding dynamic cultural processes and local perspectives on global issues.
Sc2218 lecture 11 (2011)
This document is a lecture outline on poststructuralism and discourse analysis in anthropology. It discusses moving beyond structuralism to understand how meaning emerges through ongoing cultural exchange and interpretation, rather than being fixed by analytical structures. Examples are provided of poststructuralist analyses of Bedouin poetry, Malaysian rock music, Ju/hoansi complaints, and debates around authenticity and change in Singaporean culture. The key ideas are that culture and meaning are dynamic processes, not static structures, and that humans play an active role in shaping cultures through discourse and practice over time.
Sc2218 lecture 10 (2011)
This lecture discusses the "crisis of representation" in anthropology and ethnography. It explores how anthropologists have traditionally represented other cultures and the critiques of these representations as being androcentric, eurocentric, or supportive of colonial ideologies. It examines ongoing debates around who has the power to represent whom and the effects of different representations. The lecture argues anthropology must be practiced more reflexively and considers how representation issues relate to gender, ethnicity, and power dynamics.
Sc2218 lecture 8 (2011)
The document discusses the cultural aspects of economics and exchange. It examines how value is created through branding and consumption in modern capitalist societies. Commodification of human relationships through money and commodity fetishism is also analyzed, where social relationships become abstracted and mediated by monetary exchange rather than direct interaction. Finally, the cultural differences between patron-client networks and bureaucratic rational systems of organizing social relationships are compared.
Sc2218 lecture 7 (2011)
The document discusses the concept of economics and exchange from an anthropological perspective. It provides examples of exchange systems from different cultures around the world, including the Hxaro exchange of the Ju/'hoansi people, Potlatch ceremonies of Native North Americans, and the Kula ring of Trobriand Islanders. These examples show that economic systems are cultural phenomena that serve social and relationship purposes beyond just meeting basic needs. The document also examines the cultural aspects of economics through a case study of the Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo.
Sc2218 lecture 6 (2011)
This document provides an overview and summary of key concepts from a lecture on gender and sexuality in anthropology. It defines and distinguishes among sex, gender, and sexuality. It discusses how gender is a social and cultural elaboration of biological sex. Examples of gender systems like marriage, inheritance, and residence patterns are presented to show how they vary across cultures. The influence of sexual bonding and reproduction on the development of gender is also discussed.
Sc2218 lecture 5 (2011)
The document discusses the concept of kinship in anthropology. It defines kinship as the social and cultural interpretations of biological reproduction, including concepts like marriage and paternity. Kinship is a primary organizing principle in most societies. The document then discusses kinship structures among the Ju/'hoansi people and how kinship becomes less complex and important an organizing factor in industrial societies, with new institutions taking kinship's place. It ends by discussing new horizons for kinship with technological developments like surrogacy and sperm donation.
Sc2218 lecture 4 (2011)
This document provides an outline and summary of a lecture on culture and the human condition. It discusses definitions of culture, how human cultures have evolved significantly in the past 50,000 years through processes like the agricultural and industrial revolutions. It also distinguishes between culture as systems of meaning and society as systems of interaction and exchange. Specific examples are provided to illustrate how urban systems and nation-states arise from social and cultural dynamics.
Sc2218 lecture 3 (2011)
1. The document discusses the concept of human diversity and challenges the idea that diversity can be explained by biological races. It argues that race is a social construct not supported by genetic evidence.
2. All humans share a common ancestry in Africa within the last 200,000 years. While biological traits have diversified slightly over time, this diversity is minor and primarily driven by genetic drift rather than natural selection.
3. Cultural evolution, not biological evolution, has been the main driver of increasing human diversity in the last 50,000 years as modern humans spread across the globe.
Sc2218 lecture 1 (2011) ivle
This document provides an overview of the introductory lecture for the course "Anthropology and the Human Condition". It defines anthropology as the study of human societies and cultures and explains how anthropologists take a holistic perspective. It outlines the course materials, assignments and evaluation methods. Students will complete a group project comparing cultures and are encouraged to actively engage with course readings, films and discussions.
Sc2220 lecture 11 2011
This document summarizes key topics from a lecture on gender issues in Singapore, including whether Singapore is a patriarchal or matriarchal society, the role of national service, gender norms around marriage and family, and the importation of foreign female labor through practices like transnational marriage. Gender roles and state policies around areas like parenting obligations, housing, and education are analyzed through both conforming and non-conforming citizen behaviors.
Sc2220 lecture 9 2011
This document summarizes a lecture on gender, work, and the division of labor. It discusses 3 key explanations for the gender wage gap: 1) Choice theory, which argues that women choose lower-paying jobs for flexibility, 2) Gendered organization theory, which argues that organizations are structured in ways that unintentionally discriminate, and 3) Overt discrimination. It also examines the "double shift" where women work a paid job and unpaid second job doing domestic work, while men do not share equally in domestic responsibilities. The summary concludes that all 3 factors likely contribute to the gender wage gap.
Sc2220 lecture 8 2011
This document summarizes explanations for the development of patriarchal societies. It discusses three interrelated conditions that help explain patriarchy:
1. The reproductive "baby burden" - Human offspring require substantial care that is primarily provided by mothers due to biological factors like breastfeeding. This limits mothers' activities and creates dependency.
2. Sexual exchange - With hidden ovulation and higher male sex drives, women can use sex as a commodity to exchange for resources to help with childcare. This motivates men to acquire resources.
3. Socioeconomic conditions - Men's acquired extrinsic resources like meat and money provide more power in societies than women's intrinsic attractiveness. Additional factors like the "grandmother hypothesis
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Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Event Link:- https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-mule-event-processing-models/
Agenda
● What is event processing in MuleSoft?
● Types of event processing models in Mule 4
● Distinction between the reactive, parallel, blocking & non-blocking processing
For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
Speaker:-
Shivani Yasaswi - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shivaniyasaswi/
Organizers:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
Lifelines of National Economy chapter for Class 10 STUDY MATERIAL PDF
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
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advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation results
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
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