The paper presents a study assessing the accuracy of determining the Qibla direction, which indicates the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca, in mosques in Indonesia. The methodology involves using Google Earth to measure the Qibla direction in four mosques and analyzing deviations. Results found deviations in three mosques' directions, indicating Google Earth provides an accurate, easy alternative to traditional methods. The study highlights the tool's applicability for calibrating Qibla directions without extensive astronomy knowledge.
Research Data Infrastructure for Geochemistry (DFG Roundtable)Kerstin Lehnert
This presentation provides an overview of different aspects of data management for geochemistry and resources available at the EarthChem@IEDA data facility.
A presentation given by Manjula Patel (UKOLN) at the Repository Curation Environments (RECURSE) Workshop held at the 4th International Digital Curation Conference, Edinburgh, 1st December 2008,
http://www.dcc.ac.uk/events/dcc-2008/programme/
Cyberinfrastructure to Support Ocean ObservatoriesLarry Smarr
05.03.18
Invited Talk to the Ocean Studies Board
National Research Council
Title: Cyberinfrastructure to Support Ocean Observatories
University of California San Diego
Research Data Infrastructure for Geochemistry (DFG Roundtable)Kerstin Lehnert
This presentation provides an overview of different aspects of data management for geochemistry and resources available at the EarthChem@IEDA data facility.
A presentation given by Manjula Patel (UKOLN) at the Repository Curation Environments (RECURSE) Workshop held at the 4th International Digital Curation Conference, Edinburgh, 1st December 2008,
http://www.dcc.ac.uk/events/dcc-2008/programme/
Cyberinfrastructure to Support Ocean ObservatoriesLarry Smarr
05.03.18
Invited Talk to the Ocean Studies Board
National Research Council
Title: Cyberinfrastructure to Support Ocean Observatories
University of California San Diego
EarthCube's OceanLink - Project Overview and Presentation Updates (March 2014)EarthCube
EAGER: Collaborative Research: EarthCube Building Blocks, Leveraging Semantics and Linked Data for Geoscience Data Sharing and Discovery or "OceanLink" is one of 15 EarthCube-funded components.
This presentation includes an OceanLink Project Overview (slides 1-12), followed by several presentations highlighting separate project efforts and updates to different audiences:
Slide 13: "Ontologies in a data-driven world." Montana State University Computer Science Department, March 3, 2014.
Slide 44: "Towards ontology patterns for ocean science repository integration", Ontology Summit 2014, Ontolog online session January 2014.
Slide 82: OceanLink: Using Patterns for Discovery in EarthCube, GeoVoCampSB2014, Santa Barbara, March, 2014
Slide 118: "Ontologies in a data driven world," IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, January 2014.
Understanding the Big Picture of e-ScienceAndrew Sallans
A. Sallans. "Understanding the Big Picture of e-Science." Presented at the 2011 eScience Bootcamp at the University of Virginia's Claude Moore Health Sciences Library. 4 March 2011
Supporting the research lifecycle of geo-GSNL initiative through HPC and Rese...Raul Palma
Volcanic eruptions are among the most spectacular and dangerous phenomena on Earth, capable of generating disasters at various scales. The Geohazard Supersites and Natural Laboratories initiatives (GSNL) today is a network of 11 Supersites, including volcanoes and seismic areas. Complex algorithms are used to analyse these data and important information on the volcano activity. In addition to computing power and resources, researchers from the geo-gnsl community, as many other data-intensive science communities, are calling for innovative ways to manage their data, methods and other resources, which can enhance the visibility of scientific breakthroughs, encourage reuse, and foster a broader research accessibility. In this contribution we present the results of EVER-EST project (H2020-EINFRA-2015-1), in which we created in collaboration with different partners a virtual research environment (VRE) for Earth Science (https://vre.ever-est.eu/), embracing the research object concept and technologies at its core.
The Department of Energy's Integrated Research Infrastructure (IRI)Globus
We will provide an overview of DOE’s IRI initiative as it moves into early implementation, what drives the IRI vision, and the role of DOE in the larger national research ecosystem.
Toward a Global Interactive Earth Observing CyberinfrastructureLarry Smarr
05.01.12
Invited Talk to the 21st International Conference on Interactive Information Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology Held at the 85th AMS Annual Meeting
Title: Toward a Global Interactive Earth Observing Cyberinfrastructure
San Diego, CA
LambdaGrids--Earth and Planetary Sciences Driving High Performance Networks a...Larry Smarr
05.02.04
Invited Talk to the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Title: LambdaGrids--Earth and Planetary Sciences Driving High Performance Networks and High Resolution Visualizations
Pasadena, CA
Data Facilities Workshop - Panel on Current Concepts in Data Sharing & Intero...EarthCube
This series of presentations was given at the EarthCube Data Facilities End-User Workshop held January 15-17, 2014 in Washington, DC. This workshop provided a forum to discuss the unique requirements and challenges associated with developing the communication, collaboration, interoperability, and governance structures that will be required to build EarthCube in conjunction with existing and emerging NSF/GEO facilities.
This panel and discussion, specifically, outlined and explained several current concepts in data sharing and interoperability, featuring presentations by:
Paul Morin (UMN): Polar Cyberinfrastructure
Don Middleton (UCAR): Atmospheric/Climate
Kerstin Lehnert (LDEO): Domain Repositories & Physical Samples
David Schindel (CBOL, GRBio): Biological Perspective & Collections
Hank Leoscher (NEON): Observation Networks
Daniel Fuka (Virginia Tech) and Ruth Duerr (NSIDC): Brokering
Ilya Zaslavsky (UCSD): Cross-Domain Interoperability
Keynote presentation delivered at ELAG 2013 in Gent, Belgium, on May 29 2013. Discusses Research Objects and the relationship to work my team has been involved in during the past couple of years: OAI-ORE, Open Annotation, Memento.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
EarthCube's OceanLink - Project Overview and Presentation Updates (March 2014)EarthCube
EAGER: Collaborative Research: EarthCube Building Blocks, Leveraging Semantics and Linked Data for Geoscience Data Sharing and Discovery or "OceanLink" is one of 15 EarthCube-funded components.
This presentation includes an OceanLink Project Overview (slides 1-12), followed by several presentations highlighting separate project efforts and updates to different audiences:
Slide 13: "Ontologies in a data-driven world." Montana State University Computer Science Department, March 3, 2014.
Slide 44: "Towards ontology patterns for ocean science repository integration", Ontology Summit 2014, Ontolog online session January 2014.
Slide 82: OceanLink: Using Patterns for Discovery in EarthCube, GeoVoCampSB2014, Santa Barbara, March, 2014
Slide 118: "Ontologies in a data driven world," IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, January 2014.
Understanding the Big Picture of e-ScienceAndrew Sallans
A. Sallans. "Understanding the Big Picture of e-Science." Presented at the 2011 eScience Bootcamp at the University of Virginia's Claude Moore Health Sciences Library. 4 March 2011
Supporting the research lifecycle of geo-GSNL initiative through HPC and Rese...Raul Palma
Volcanic eruptions are among the most spectacular and dangerous phenomena on Earth, capable of generating disasters at various scales. The Geohazard Supersites and Natural Laboratories initiatives (GSNL) today is a network of 11 Supersites, including volcanoes and seismic areas. Complex algorithms are used to analyse these data and important information on the volcano activity. In addition to computing power and resources, researchers from the geo-gnsl community, as many other data-intensive science communities, are calling for innovative ways to manage their data, methods and other resources, which can enhance the visibility of scientific breakthroughs, encourage reuse, and foster a broader research accessibility. In this contribution we present the results of EVER-EST project (H2020-EINFRA-2015-1), in which we created in collaboration with different partners a virtual research environment (VRE) for Earth Science (https://vre.ever-est.eu/), embracing the research object concept and technologies at its core.
The Department of Energy's Integrated Research Infrastructure (IRI)Globus
We will provide an overview of DOE’s IRI initiative as it moves into early implementation, what drives the IRI vision, and the role of DOE in the larger national research ecosystem.
Toward a Global Interactive Earth Observing CyberinfrastructureLarry Smarr
05.01.12
Invited Talk to the 21st International Conference on Interactive Information Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology Held at the 85th AMS Annual Meeting
Title: Toward a Global Interactive Earth Observing Cyberinfrastructure
San Diego, CA
LambdaGrids--Earth and Planetary Sciences Driving High Performance Networks a...Larry Smarr
05.02.04
Invited Talk to the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Title: LambdaGrids--Earth and Planetary Sciences Driving High Performance Networks and High Resolution Visualizations
Pasadena, CA
Data Facilities Workshop - Panel on Current Concepts in Data Sharing & Intero...EarthCube
This series of presentations was given at the EarthCube Data Facilities End-User Workshop held January 15-17, 2014 in Washington, DC. This workshop provided a forum to discuss the unique requirements and challenges associated with developing the communication, collaboration, interoperability, and governance structures that will be required to build EarthCube in conjunction with existing and emerging NSF/GEO facilities.
This panel and discussion, specifically, outlined and explained several current concepts in data sharing and interoperability, featuring presentations by:
Paul Morin (UMN): Polar Cyberinfrastructure
Don Middleton (UCAR): Atmospheric/Climate
Kerstin Lehnert (LDEO): Domain Repositories & Physical Samples
David Schindel (CBOL, GRBio): Biological Perspective & Collections
Hank Leoscher (NEON): Observation Networks
Daniel Fuka (Virginia Tech) and Ruth Duerr (NSIDC): Brokering
Ilya Zaslavsky (UCSD): Cross-Domain Interoperability
Keynote presentation delivered at ELAG 2013 in Gent, Belgium, on May 29 2013. Discusses Research Objects and the relationship to work my team has been involved in during the past couple of years: OAI-ORE, Open Annotation, Memento.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
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PRESENTATION ON ASTRONOMICAL IMAGERY PAPER REVIEW.pdf
1. PAPER REVIEW
NAME: ABDURRASHEED ALGHAZALEE OLUWASEGUN
DEPARTMENT OF SURVEYING AND GEOINFORMATIC
06/01/2024
MATRIC NO: 190405054
LECTURER: DR. HAMID MOSAKU
PROCESSING ASTRONOMY IMAGERY
USING BIG DATA TECHNOLOGY
ON
2. NAME OF JOURNAL: 2015 IEEE
International Conference on Big Data (Big
Data).
NAME OF PUBLISHER : IEEE Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
JOURNAL CITATION:
10.1109/bigdata.2015.7363840
JOURNAL TITLE: Scientific computing meets
big data technology: An astronomy use case.
Zhao Zhang (Universty of Californa, Berkeley).
Kyle Barbary ( Berkeley Center for Cosmoogical Physics and
the Berkeley Institute for
DataScience.)
Frank Austin Nothaft ( PhD Student in computer science at
UC Berkeley )
Evan Sparks: PhD Student in computer science at UC
Berkeley
Oliver Zahn: The Executive Director of Berkeley Center for
Cosmological Physics
Michael J. Franklin: Department of Computer Science at
University of Chicago.
David A. Patterson:Professor of Computer Science at UC
Berkeley.
Saul Perlmutter: Professor of physics at UC Berkeley.
AUTHORS
3. 1 — ABSTRCT
2 — PROBLEM STATEMENTS
3 — METHODOLOGY
4 — MAJOR CONTRIBUTION
6 — REWRITING THE PAPER
5 — CRITIQUE OF THE PAPER
4. Issues or Challenges Addressed:
The paper addresses the
substantial challenges arising from
dramatic increases in dataset sizes
across scientific disciplines,
including astronomy, genomics,
social sciences, and neuroscience.
This surge in data has become a
significant bottleneck for research,
particularly when utilizing programs
optimized for small datasets on
single-node workstations. To tackle
this bottleneck, researchers
commonly transition to distributed
processing frameworks, such as C
or Fortran programs, to enhance
processing capacity.
ABSTRACT
GOAL and AIM
The paper underscores the crucial need to adapt to these
evolving data processing demands, emphasizing the transition
from traditional single-node optimized programs to distributed
frameworks and the associated challenges in maintaining
efficiency and speed in scientific research.
METHODOLOGY
Instead of relying on traditional High-Performance Computing
(HPC) software stack tools, the study adopts Apache Spark, a
modern big data platform. The authors introduce Kira, a
flexible and distributed astronomy image processing toolkit
built on Apache Spark, and implement a Source Extractor
application (Kira SE) to serve as a use case.
5. PROBLEM STATEMENT
In a typical night sky survey produces 13 TB of data of
astronomical imagery processing such data has
become a major bottleneck for scientific research
especially in astronomy.
Over the planned 10-year project, the survey is
expected produce 60 PB of raw data, which will be
consolidated into a 15 PB catalog. This timely
processing requirement and the massive amount of
data provides a challenging throughput requirement
for the processing pipeline.
Make work in space work for you
1PETA BYTE(PB):
1,125,899,906,842,624 Bytes.
One quadrillion, one hundred twenty-
five trillion, eight hundred ninety-
nine billion, nine hundred six million,
eight hundred forty-two thousand, six
hundred twenty-four.
NOTE
4k movie is 100GB of data. This would mean
1 petabyte of storage could hold
11,000 4k
6. Utilizing Apache Spark in scientific
analysis pipelines for diverse
tasks especially astronomical
imagery processing, showcasing
its superiority compared to
conventional map-reduce
frameworks such as Google's
MapReduce and Apache Hadoop
MapReduce.
It acknowledges the flexibility
limitations and performance
issues of the map-reduce API,
emphasizing the need for second-
generation map-reduce execution
systems like Apache Spark.
METHODOLOGY
10. MAJOR CONTRIBUTION
The paper on the design and implementation of the Kira
astronomy image processing toolkit makes several notable
contributions, primarily focusing on computational
performance improvement, cost-efficient I/O operations,
and the provision of a flexible programming interface to
facilitate code reuse.
11. CRITIQUE OF THE PAPER
Notable areas for improvement.
Limited Discussion on Integration Challenges:
The paper falls short in addressing the challenges and trade-
offs encountered during the integration with Apache Spark,
particularly in the context of distributed file systems and
parallel processing. A more in-depth exploration of
integration complexities would offer valuable insights for
both researchers and practitioners, enhancing the paper's
overall contribution.
Wider Range of Audience Consideration:
The publication in an Astronomical Journal lacks
consideration for a broader audience. The terminologies,
lexicon, and structural aspects of word usage are not explicit
enough for public consumption. To broaden the appeal, the
paper should incorporate language and explanations
accessible to a wider audience without compromising the
depth of scientific content.
Limited Discussion on Flexibility and Code Reuse:
While highlighting the importance of a flexible
programming interface for code reuse, the paper
misses the opportunity to address ethical regulations
governing code reuse. Clarifying the permissibility
and ethical considerations in various locations or
areas would enhance the paper's completeness and
provide valuable guidance.
4) Lack of Quantitative Details and Real-Life Case
Studies:
The paper lacks quantitative details, especially in
comparing Kira's SE processing of data with a real-
life scientific data processing scenario. Including a
comprehensive case study that compares the toolkit's
performance in a real-world scientific data
processing context would strengthen the paper's
credibility and practical relevance.
12. REWRITING THE PAPER
I would have criticized its publication in an
Astronomical Journal for neglecting a
broader audience, with terminologies and
structure not explicit for public
understanding.
I would have emphasized the importance of
incorporating accessible language while
maintaining scientific depth.
I would have noted that the discussion on
flexibility and code reuse overlooked
ethical regulations, requiring clarification
on permissibility and ethical
considerations.
I would have highlighted that the paper
lacked quantitative details and real-life
case studies, necessitating a comparison
between Kira's SE data processing and
real-world scientific scenarios for
enhanced credibility and practical
relevance.
13. PAPER REVIEW
NAME: ABDURRASHEED ALGHAZALEE OLUWASEGUN
DEPARTMENT OF SURVEYING AND GEOINFORMATIC
06/01/2024
MATRIC NO: 190405054
LECTURER: DR. HAMID MOSAKU
QIBLA DIRECTION ACCURACY ANALYSIS
BASED ON ASTRONOMY (GOOGLE
EARTH), PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC LAW
ON
14. NAME OF JOURNAL:
Journal of Islam and Science
NAME OF PUBLISHER :Institute of Research
and Community Services (LP2M)
Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar
JOURNAL CITATION:
https://doi.org/10.24252/jis.v9i1.30111
JOURNAL TITLE: QIBLA DIRECTION
ACCURACY ANALYSIS BASED ON
ASTRONOMY (GOOGLE EARTH),
PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC LAW
Sri Wahyuni
Samsuddin
Ekawati Hamzah
AUTHORS
15. 1 — ABSTRCT
2 — PROBLEM STATEMENTS
3 — METHODOLOGY
4 — MAJOR CONTRIBUTION
6 — REWRITING THE PAPER
5 — CRITIQUE OF THE PAPER
16. The study focuses on assessing
the accuracy of determining the
Qibla direction in mosques within
Tanete Riattang and Tanete
Riattang Barat Districts
ABSTRACT
The goal is to evaluate the
precision of Qibla direction
measured through astronomy
(Google Earth) and examine
Islamic law perspectives on
this measurement.
The methodology involves a qualitative approach,
incorporating expert opinions and descriptive
qualitative data analysis. Results indicate that
using Google Earth is relatively easy, highly
accurate, and efficient for determining Qibla
direction, in contrast to less accurate methods
such as compasses and the sun's shadow.
17. PROBLEM STATEMENT
The problem addressed in this article revolves around the discrepancy
in determining the Qibla direction in mosques, particularly in Bone
Regency, Indonesia. The conflict arises between traditional beliefs,
often rooted in cultural customs and previous measurements by
revered scholars, and the scientific approach based on astronomy. The
resistance to change, influenced by cultural norms and reluctance to
adopt scientific advancements, results in significant deviations from
the accurate Qibla direction in many mosques, particularly in Bone
Regency.
18. The methodology employed in measuring the Qibla direction of four mosques in Bone
Regency involves using the Google Earth application. The selected sample includes Al
Mujahidin Old Mosque, Al Markas Al Ma’arif Mosque, Bone Grand Mosque, and Al
Rizkullah Mosque (Biru Islamic Boarding School). The study relies on observations
and accuracy assessments of each mosque's Qibla direction based on the Google
Earth software.
Each mosque's historical background, construction details, and significance are
provided to contextualize the findings. The results indicate deviations in Qibla
direction for three out of the four mosques, emphasizing the need for accurate
determination to align with Saudi Arabia. The methodology includes visual overviews
of the Qibla direction for each mosque, facilitating a comprehensive assessment of the
accuracy of their orientations.
METHODOLOGY
19. DEVIATE TO THE WEST
DIRECTION
DEVIATE TO THE EASTWEST
DIRECTION
RESULT ANALYSIS
20. DEVIATES TO THE WEST-NORTH
DIRECTION
EXACTLY IN THE DIRECTION
RESULT ANALYSIS
21. MAJOR CONTRIBUTION
The major contribution of the article is highlighting
Google Earth as an accessible and weather-independent
tool for calibrating the Qibla direction. Emphasizing its
ease of use, flexibility, and applicability, the article
suggests that Google Earth serves as a practical
alternative for Muslims to accurately determine the Qibla
direction without the need for in-depth knowledge of
astronomy.
22. CRITIQUE OF THE PAPER
Notable areas for improvement.
Firstly, the methodology lacks a clear explanation of how the Qibla direction was
determined for each mosque, particularly in terms of the Google Earth
application's settings or parameters used.
This lack of detail like to what degrees of deviation affects the transparency and
replicability of the study. Additionally, while historical and architectural
information is provided for each mosque, the relevance of such details to the
Qibla deviation is not established, leading to an inconsistency in the paper's
focus.
Moreover, the conclusion stating that deviations of approximately 2 degrees can
be tolerated lacks clarification on what criteria are considered for tolerance,
introducing ambiguity. Overall, addressing these gaps would enhance the paper's
methodological rigor and clarity.
23. REWRITING THE PAPER
I would have improved the paper by
offering a clearer explanation of how the
Qibla direction was determined for each
mosque, specifying the settings or
parameters utilized in the Google Earth
application. This detail is crucial for
ensuring transparency and facilitating the
replication of the study.
I would have established the relevance of
historical and architectural information to
the Qibla deviation, addressing the
inconsistency in the paper's focus.
Furthermore, I would have sought
clarification on the criteria for tolerating
deviations of approximately 2 degrees,
eliminating ambiguity in the conclusion.
Addressing these gaps could enhance the
paper's methodological rigor and overall
clarity.