Biological contamination is the dread of every person working with cell culture. When cultures become infected with microorganisms, or cross-contaminated by foreign cells, these cultures usually must be destroyed. Since the sources of culture contamination are ubiquitous as well as difficult to identify and eliminate, no cell culture laboratory remains unaffected by this concern. With the continuing increase in the use of cell culture for biological research, vaccine production, and production of therapeutic proteins for personalized medicine and emerging regenerative medicine applications, culture contamination remains a highly important issue. Cell line cross-contamination can be a problem for scientists working with cultured cells. Studies suggest anywhere from 15–20% of the time, cells used in experiments have been misidentified or contaminated with another cell line. Problems with cell line cross-contamination have even been detected in lines from the NCI-60 panel, which are used routinely for drug-screening studies. Major cell line repositories, including the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), the European Collection of Cell Cultures (ECACC) and the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ), have received cell line submissions from researchers that were misidentified by them. Such contamination poses a problem for the quality of research produced using cell culture lines, and the major repositories are now authenticating all cell line submissions. ATCC uses short tandem repeat (STR) DNA fingerprinting to authenticate its cell lines.
This document discusses human parasite vaccines. It begins by explaining what vaccines do in stimulating the host's protective immune response. Developing effective parasite vaccines faces challenges including not fully understanding the parasite's life cycle and which stages elicit a protective immune response. Effective vaccines must produce long-lasting protection without boosting and be low-cost, stable, and safe. Progress has been limited for parasite vaccines due to parasites' ability to evade the immune system, uncertainty regarding which antigens stimulate protection, and differences between animal models and human immune responses. Major human parasitic diseases discussed include malaria, African sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, intestinal protozoa, schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis
This document outlines the curriculum for a Microbiology and Parasitology course at Qarshi University in Lahore, Pakistan. The 3-credit course is taught over 3 lecture hours and 2 practical hours per week. The course aims to provide students with knowledge of microbes and infectious diseases. Topics covered include bacteriology, virology, mycology, parasitology, and immunology. Assessment includes multiple choice and short answer questions, problem-based questions, long essays, a practical exam, and internal assessments. The goal is for students to gain an understanding of pathogenic microorganisms and infectious disease prevention and treatment.
2nd International Conference on Clinical Microbiology & Microbial Genomics, will be organized around the theme "To Encompass Emerging Trends in Clinical Microbiology".
The document discusses immunity to fungal infections. It notes that fungi can cause diseases through either a lack of immune recognition or overactivation of the inflammatory response. The immune system uses pattern recognition receptors and innate immune cells like phagocytes to recognize and respond to fungal pathogens. Both resistance mechanisms that limit fungal growth and tolerance mechanisms that limit host damage are important for maintaining immune homeostasis during fungal infections.
This document provides an overview of current methods used to identify plant parasitic nematodes. It begins with a discussion of traditional morphology-based identification and its limitations. It then focuses on methods for identifying the economically important genus Meloidogyne, which includes root-knot nematodes. Morphological identification of Meloidogyne species relies on examining characteristics of the female perineal pattern, but this can be challenging due to overlap between some species. As an alternative, the document discusses the use of esterase isozyme patterns, which have proven to be species-specific and useful for diagnosing many Meloidogyne species. The document provides examples of diagnostic esterase patterns for major Meloidogyne species and discusses how isozyme analysis
Impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in developing countries.Robin Barmon
This document is a research paper submitted by Parth Protim Barmon to Professor Tahera Ahmed on antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. It provides background information on antimicrobial resistance as resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial medicines. It discusses how antimicrobial resistance is a growing global problem, but has a greater impact in developing countries due to factors like poverty and limited access to healthcare. The paper aims to study the risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in developing countries, including socio-demographic factors, why developing countries are more vulnerable, the role of poverty, and the disease burden.
1. The document discusses infection control in dentistry and outlines the various infectious agents that pose risks, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, rickettsia, and prions.
2. It emphasizes that standard infection control precautions should be applied to all patients equally to prevent transmission, as many infectious diseases do not present obvious symptoms.
3. Proper sterilization and disinfection of dental tools and personal protective equipment is crucial to break the chain of infection and protect dental staff, patients, and the community from exposure to bloodborne pathogens.
Biological contamination is the dread of every person working with cell culture. When cultures become infected with microorganisms, or cross-contaminated by foreign cells, these cultures usually must be destroyed. Since the sources of culture contamination are ubiquitous as well as difficult to identify and eliminate, no cell culture laboratory remains unaffected by this concern. With the continuing increase in the use of cell culture for biological research, vaccine production, and production of therapeutic proteins for personalized medicine and emerging regenerative medicine applications, culture contamination remains a highly important issue. Cell line cross-contamination can be a problem for scientists working with cultured cells. Studies suggest anywhere from 15–20% of the time, cells used in experiments have been misidentified or contaminated with another cell line. Problems with cell line cross-contamination have even been detected in lines from the NCI-60 panel, which are used routinely for drug-screening studies. Major cell line repositories, including the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), the European Collection of Cell Cultures (ECACC) and the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ), have received cell line submissions from researchers that were misidentified by them. Such contamination poses a problem for the quality of research produced using cell culture lines, and the major repositories are now authenticating all cell line submissions. ATCC uses short tandem repeat (STR) DNA fingerprinting to authenticate its cell lines.
This document discusses human parasite vaccines. It begins by explaining what vaccines do in stimulating the host's protective immune response. Developing effective parasite vaccines faces challenges including not fully understanding the parasite's life cycle and which stages elicit a protective immune response. Effective vaccines must produce long-lasting protection without boosting and be low-cost, stable, and safe. Progress has been limited for parasite vaccines due to parasites' ability to evade the immune system, uncertainty regarding which antigens stimulate protection, and differences between animal models and human immune responses. Major human parasitic diseases discussed include malaria, African sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, intestinal protozoa, schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis
This document outlines the curriculum for a Microbiology and Parasitology course at Qarshi University in Lahore, Pakistan. The 3-credit course is taught over 3 lecture hours and 2 practical hours per week. The course aims to provide students with knowledge of microbes and infectious diseases. Topics covered include bacteriology, virology, mycology, parasitology, and immunology. Assessment includes multiple choice and short answer questions, problem-based questions, long essays, a practical exam, and internal assessments. The goal is for students to gain an understanding of pathogenic microorganisms and infectious disease prevention and treatment.
2nd International Conference on Clinical Microbiology & Microbial Genomics, will be organized around the theme "To Encompass Emerging Trends in Clinical Microbiology".
The document discusses immunity to fungal infections. It notes that fungi can cause diseases through either a lack of immune recognition or overactivation of the inflammatory response. The immune system uses pattern recognition receptors and innate immune cells like phagocytes to recognize and respond to fungal pathogens. Both resistance mechanisms that limit fungal growth and tolerance mechanisms that limit host damage are important for maintaining immune homeostasis during fungal infections.
This document provides an overview of current methods used to identify plant parasitic nematodes. It begins with a discussion of traditional morphology-based identification and its limitations. It then focuses on methods for identifying the economically important genus Meloidogyne, which includes root-knot nematodes. Morphological identification of Meloidogyne species relies on examining characteristics of the female perineal pattern, but this can be challenging due to overlap between some species. As an alternative, the document discusses the use of esterase isozyme patterns, which have proven to be species-specific and useful for diagnosing many Meloidogyne species. The document provides examples of diagnostic esterase patterns for major Meloidogyne species and discusses how isozyme analysis
Impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in developing countries.Robin Barmon
This document is a research paper submitted by Parth Protim Barmon to Professor Tahera Ahmed on antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. It provides background information on antimicrobial resistance as resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial medicines. It discusses how antimicrobial resistance is a growing global problem, but has a greater impact in developing countries due to factors like poverty and limited access to healthcare. The paper aims to study the risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in developing countries, including socio-demographic factors, why developing countries are more vulnerable, the role of poverty, and the disease burden.
1. The document discusses infection control in dentistry and outlines the various infectious agents that pose risks, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, rickettsia, and prions.
2. It emphasizes that standard infection control precautions should be applied to all patients equally to prevent transmission, as many infectious diseases do not present obvious symptoms.
3. Proper sterilization and disinfection of dental tools and personal protective equipment is crucial to break the chain of infection and protect dental staff, patients, and the community from exposure to bloodborne pathogens.
1) The document discusses the need for better diagnostic approaches for parasitic infections. Traditional diagnostic methods have changed little in over a century and cannot distinguish between different stages of infection or response to treatment.
2) While new technologies like PCR and ELISA have improved diagnosis, many facilities still lack resources and trained technicians to utilize advanced methods. Reliance on microscopy remains common but is time-consuming and requires skill.
3) The author argues that improving diagnostic capabilities for parasitic diseases through incorporating new technologies and training more experts could help reduce antibiotic overprescription and emergence of drug resistance.
This document discusses recent advances in microbiology. It notes that new technologies allow for microbiology results to be available much faster, in minutes or hours rather than days. Molecular biological methods can now detect and characterize a wide range of viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa. The four main scientific advances that form the basis of modern microbiology are the invention of the hybridization probe, the discovery of polymerase chain reaction, observing microbial signatures in ribosomal genes, and in proteins. Clinical microbiology laboratories play an important role in patient care by rapidly identifying pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility to guide treatment. Microbiology has various applications including food, medical, industrial, soil, and environmental microbiology.
This document provides information about malaria vaccines. It discusses the context of malaria globally and the need for a vaccine. Several potential vaccine candidates target different stages of the malaria parasite's lifecycle, including sporozoites, infected hepatocytes, and erythrocytic stages. Developing an effective vaccine is challenging due to the parasite's diversity and complexity. The most promising current candidate is RTS,S, which provides some protection against malaria in clinical trials but is not fully effective.
MVI's mission is to accelerate malaria vaccine development and ensure availability in developing countries. Its goal is an 80% effective vaccine lasting 4+ years by 2025. Malaria infects 250 million people annually and kills 900,000, mostly children in Africa. Vaccine development faces challenges due to the parasite's complexity and limited commercial markets. MVI partners with organizations to systematically develop promising approaches through clinical trials. Its current strategy focuses on pre-erythrocytic, transmission-blocking, and P. vivax vaccines. With a phase 3 trial underway, MVI's public-private model brings malaria vaccines closer to reality.
The document discusses Mahtab Nourbakhsh's research project called "Antagonists of Protein-Protein Interactions" (APPI). The multidisciplinary project brings together translational genomics, molecular biology, and chemical biology. It aims to identify gene polymorphisms associated with diseases like end-stage renal disease and gastric cancer, characterize the functional impact of these polymorphisms, and develop cell-based assays and screens to identify compounds that target disease-causing protein-protein interactions. The project is conducted in collaboration with the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Translational Genomics Research Institute.
1. The document summarizes biomedical research activities at the Ifakara Health Institute (IHI) in Tanzania, including past and current laboratory-based research in malaria, tuberculosis, HIV, and other infectious diseases.
2. Key areas of research mentioned include monitoring anti-malarial drug resistance, evaluating malaria vaccines and biomarkers, population genetics of malaria vectors, and molecular monitoring of HIV drug resistance.
3. Future research directions discussed are non-communicable diseases, genetic determinants of infectious diseases, mapping and characterizing pathogens/emerging pathogens, drug efficacy monitoring, gene expression profiling, diagnostic development, and understanding pathogen co-infections. The document highlights strengths like laboratory facilities, clinical trial platforms,
The Significance of Lifescience- An In-depth Exploration.pdfhealthcare360social
Lifescience, an expansive and dynamic domain, unveils the enigmas of living organisms and their intricate connections with the environment. Its impact spans from molding pivotal medical advancements to influencing initiatives in conservation.
Introduction:
In recent years, the healthcare landscape in India has undergone a significant transformation, and at the forefront of this revolution is the rapidly growing telemedicine market. Telemedicine, the use of technology to provide healthcare remotely, has gained immense popularity, especially in a country as vast and diverse as India. This blog explores the dynamics, drivers, challenges, and future prospects of the India telemedicine market.
Market Overview:
The telemedicine market in India has witnessed unprecedented growth, fueled by advancements in technology, increasing internet penetration, and the need for accessible and affordable healthcare services. According to various reports, the market is expected to continue its upward trajectory in the coming years.
Drivers of Telemedicine Growth:
Digital Penetration: The widespread availability of smartphones and internet connectivity has opened doors for telemedicine to reach remote and underserved areas. People in rural and urban areas alike can now access healthcare services with just a few clicks on their smartphones.
COVID-19 Pandemic: The global health crisis acted as a catalyst for the adoption of telemedicine. Social distancing norms and the fear of exposure to the virus prompted a surge in virtual consultations, making telemedicine a mainstream healthcare solution.
Government Initiatives: The Indian government has recognized the potential of telemedicine in improving healthcare accessibility. Initiatives such as the Telemedicine Practice Guidelines and the National Digital Health Mission have laid the foundation for a structured and regulated telehealth ecosystem.
Challenges and Solutions:
Digital Divide: Despite the growth, challenges related to the digital divide persist. Rural areas often face issues such as poor internet connectivity and a lack of digital literacy. Addressing these challenges requires collaborative efforts from the government, private sector, and non-profit organizations.
Data Security Concerns: Patient data security is a critical aspect of telemedicine. Ensuring robust cybersecurity measures, compliance with data protection laws, and creating awareness among users are essential steps in overcoming these concerns.
Regulatory Framework: While the government has taken steps to regulate telemedicine, ongoing efforts are required to refine and adapt the regulatory framework to the evolving nature of the market. Striking a balance between innovation and patient safety is crucial.
Key Players and Platforms:
Several telemedicine platforms have emerged as key players in the Indian market. From established healthcare providers offering virtual consultations to dedicated telehealth startups, the landscape is diverse. Companies like Practo, Apollo 24/7, and Mfine are among those making significant contributions.
Key Companies working on it includes Lybrate, mFine, myUpchar, vHealth, Zoylo Digihealth Pvt. Ltd., TeleVital, DocOnline, MedCords, 1Mg, M16 Labs, Artem Health,
In the intricate tapestry of the global ecosystem, the emergence of infectious diseases has always been a formidable challenge. As we stand on the precipice of the third decade of the 21st century, the specter of emerging infectious diseases looms larger than ever. The world has witnessed the devastating impact of diseases like HIV/AIDS, Ebola, and the H1N1 influenza, underscoring the critical need for a comprehensive understanding of these complex phenomena. In this blog, we will delve into the realm of emerging infectious diseases, exploring their causes, dynamics, and the collective efforts required to address them.
Defining Emerging Infectious Diseases:
Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are those that have recently appeared within a population or those whose incidence or geographic range is rapidly increasing. These diseases can be caused by new or previously unidentified infectious agents, the spread of known agents to new populations, or changes in the environment that facilitate disease emergence.
Partnering to outfox crop-infecting viruses in AfricaILRI
This document summarizes a research project that aims to protect bean crops in East Africa from viruses transmitted by aphids. There are three major viruses (Bean common mosaic virus, Bean common mosaic necrosis virus, and Cucumber mosaic virus) that infect beans and reduce yields. The project is studying how viruses manipulate plant-aphid interactions and affect aphid behavior to enhance transmission. Researchers are identifying plant genes and semiochemicals involved in virus-mediated changes. They are also conducting field experiments using trap crops and virus/aphid-resistant plants to design protective crop layouts. The goals are to develop breeding and management strategies to increase bean productivity and improve smallholder farmer livelihoods in the region.
This presentation is about the relevance of vaccine as a public health tool against vaccine preventable diseases and the need to accelerate the development of vaccines against malaria and other diseases of global health importance in developing countries such as Nigeria.
Knowledge, attitude and practices of students enrolled in health related cour...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of 432 students enrolled in health-related courses at Saint Louis University in the Philippines regarding human papillomavirus (HPV). The students demonstrated fair knowledge of HPV transmission but poor understanding of the diseases caused by HPV. Their knowledge of HPV signs and symptoms and prevention/control measures was better. Students had positive attitudes toward HPV infection and vaccination. Medical students showed higher levels of HPV knowledge than other students. While practices for reducing HPV infection were generally good, interventions are still needed to improve HPV education, especially regarding transmission and diseases caused.
The word "vaccine" originates from the Latin word “vacca”, meaning “cow” a virus (cowpox) which manly effect the cow. which Edward Jenner demonstrated in 1798 could prevent smallpox in humans.
This course in "Virology and Mycology" (701) is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the medically important fungi and viruses. The content includes an introduction, general characteristics, life cycle, laboratory diagnosis, and the various techniques used in the identification and study of these microbes. This course will also equip students with practical skills, from preparing culture media to processing clinical samples for diagnosis.
Created by: Mr. Attuluri Vamsi Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of MLT, UIAHS, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab. For more details website: https://www.mltmaster.com
El 12 de mayo de 2017 celebramos en la Fundación Ramó Areces una jornada con IS Global y Unitaid sobre enfermedades transmitidas por vectores, como la malaria, entre otras.
Infection prevention and control general principles and role of microbiology ...maak16
The aim of this review is to know the general principles of infection control and prevention and the role of medical laboratory specialists, hoping that the medical laboratory specialists will play a valuable and effective role in the field of infection control and prevention, thereby preventing hospital infections and antibiotic resistance and providing a safe environment for the patient, health care providers and the community.
Antimicrobial stewardship
Healthcare associated infections
Infection prevention and control
Microbiology laboratory
Hierarchy of Infection Controls
The document provides information about the Microbiology and Immunology (M&I) graduate program at MUSC including:
- The program currently has 17 PhD students, 4 MD/PhD students, and 1 DMD/PhD student and 2 Masters students.
- There are 15 departmental faculty and 40 total program faculty affiliated with the program.
- The program requirements include coursework, qualifying exams, and thesis proposals.
- Several M&I faculty have started companies to commercialize technologies related to their research areas such as vaccines, cancer therapeutics, complement inhibitors, and microbial fuel cells.
This document discusses the development of a nanotechnology-based HIV vaccine. It begins with an introduction to HIV and AIDS, then outlines the objectives, methodology, and types of vaccines that have been used or considered for HIV treatment. The conclusion states that developing an effective HIV vaccine is challenging, as vaccines tested so far have only been partially effective at best. Continued research efforts into different vaccine approaches are needed to end the HIV pandemic.
This document discusses the epidemiology, control measures, and essential lab tests for four arthropod-borne diseases at the primary level: malaria, dengue, Zika, and filaria. It covers the agent, host, and environmental factors; indications for common lab tests and vector control measures; and the role of national health programs and global disease control strategies for these diseases. Details are provided on the transmission, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of each disease.
1) The document discusses the need for better diagnostic approaches for parasitic infections. Traditional diagnostic methods have changed little in over a century and cannot distinguish between different stages of infection or response to treatment.
2) While new technologies like PCR and ELISA have improved diagnosis, many facilities still lack resources and trained technicians to utilize advanced methods. Reliance on microscopy remains common but is time-consuming and requires skill.
3) The author argues that improving diagnostic capabilities for parasitic diseases through incorporating new technologies and training more experts could help reduce antibiotic overprescription and emergence of drug resistance.
This document discusses recent advances in microbiology. It notes that new technologies allow for microbiology results to be available much faster, in minutes or hours rather than days. Molecular biological methods can now detect and characterize a wide range of viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa. The four main scientific advances that form the basis of modern microbiology are the invention of the hybridization probe, the discovery of polymerase chain reaction, observing microbial signatures in ribosomal genes, and in proteins. Clinical microbiology laboratories play an important role in patient care by rapidly identifying pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility to guide treatment. Microbiology has various applications including food, medical, industrial, soil, and environmental microbiology.
This document provides information about malaria vaccines. It discusses the context of malaria globally and the need for a vaccine. Several potential vaccine candidates target different stages of the malaria parasite's lifecycle, including sporozoites, infected hepatocytes, and erythrocytic stages. Developing an effective vaccine is challenging due to the parasite's diversity and complexity. The most promising current candidate is RTS,S, which provides some protection against malaria in clinical trials but is not fully effective.
MVI's mission is to accelerate malaria vaccine development and ensure availability in developing countries. Its goal is an 80% effective vaccine lasting 4+ years by 2025. Malaria infects 250 million people annually and kills 900,000, mostly children in Africa. Vaccine development faces challenges due to the parasite's complexity and limited commercial markets. MVI partners with organizations to systematically develop promising approaches through clinical trials. Its current strategy focuses on pre-erythrocytic, transmission-blocking, and P. vivax vaccines. With a phase 3 trial underway, MVI's public-private model brings malaria vaccines closer to reality.
The document discusses Mahtab Nourbakhsh's research project called "Antagonists of Protein-Protein Interactions" (APPI). The multidisciplinary project brings together translational genomics, molecular biology, and chemical biology. It aims to identify gene polymorphisms associated with diseases like end-stage renal disease and gastric cancer, characterize the functional impact of these polymorphisms, and develop cell-based assays and screens to identify compounds that target disease-causing protein-protein interactions. The project is conducted in collaboration with the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Translational Genomics Research Institute.
1. The document summarizes biomedical research activities at the Ifakara Health Institute (IHI) in Tanzania, including past and current laboratory-based research in malaria, tuberculosis, HIV, and other infectious diseases.
2. Key areas of research mentioned include monitoring anti-malarial drug resistance, evaluating malaria vaccines and biomarkers, population genetics of malaria vectors, and molecular monitoring of HIV drug resistance.
3. Future research directions discussed are non-communicable diseases, genetic determinants of infectious diseases, mapping and characterizing pathogens/emerging pathogens, drug efficacy monitoring, gene expression profiling, diagnostic development, and understanding pathogen co-infections. The document highlights strengths like laboratory facilities, clinical trial platforms,
The Significance of Lifescience- An In-depth Exploration.pdfhealthcare360social
Lifescience, an expansive and dynamic domain, unveils the enigmas of living organisms and their intricate connections with the environment. Its impact spans from molding pivotal medical advancements to influencing initiatives in conservation.
Introduction:
In recent years, the healthcare landscape in India has undergone a significant transformation, and at the forefront of this revolution is the rapidly growing telemedicine market. Telemedicine, the use of technology to provide healthcare remotely, has gained immense popularity, especially in a country as vast and diverse as India. This blog explores the dynamics, drivers, challenges, and future prospects of the India telemedicine market.
Market Overview:
The telemedicine market in India has witnessed unprecedented growth, fueled by advancements in technology, increasing internet penetration, and the need for accessible and affordable healthcare services. According to various reports, the market is expected to continue its upward trajectory in the coming years.
Drivers of Telemedicine Growth:
Digital Penetration: The widespread availability of smartphones and internet connectivity has opened doors for telemedicine to reach remote and underserved areas. People in rural and urban areas alike can now access healthcare services with just a few clicks on their smartphones.
COVID-19 Pandemic: The global health crisis acted as a catalyst for the adoption of telemedicine. Social distancing norms and the fear of exposure to the virus prompted a surge in virtual consultations, making telemedicine a mainstream healthcare solution.
Government Initiatives: The Indian government has recognized the potential of telemedicine in improving healthcare accessibility. Initiatives such as the Telemedicine Practice Guidelines and the National Digital Health Mission have laid the foundation for a structured and regulated telehealth ecosystem.
Challenges and Solutions:
Digital Divide: Despite the growth, challenges related to the digital divide persist. Rural areas often face issues such as poor internet connectivity and a lack of digital literacy. Addressing these challenges requires collaborative efforts from the government, private sector, and non-profit organizations.
Data Security Concerns: Patient data security is a critical aspect of telemedicine. Ensuring robust cybersecurity measures, compliance with data protection laws, and creating awareness among users are essential steps in overcoming these concerns.
Regulatory Framework: While the government has taken steps to regulate telemedicine, ongoing efforts are required to refine and adapt the regulatory framework to the evolving nature of the market. Striking a balance between innovation and patient safety is crucial.
Key Players and Platforms:
Several telemedicine platforms have emerged as key players in the Indian market. From established healthcare providers offering virtual consultations to dedicated telehealth startups, the landscape is diverse. Companies like Practo, Apollo 24/7, and Mfine are among those making significant contributions.
Key Companies working on it includes Lybrate, mFine, myUpchar, vHealth, Zoylo Digihealth Pvt. Ltd., TeleVital, DocOnline, MedCords, 1Mg, M16 Labs, Artem Health,
In the intricate tapestry of the global ecosystem, the emergence of infectious diseases has always been a formidable challenge. As we stand on the precipice of the third decade of the 21st century, the specter of emerging infectious diseases looms larger than ever. The world has witnessed the devastating impact of diseases like HIV/AIDS, Ebola, and the H1N1 influenza, underscoring the critical need for a comprehensive understanding of these complex phenomena. In this blog, we will delve into the realm of emerging infectious diseases, exploring their causes, dynamics, and the collective efforts required to address them.
Defining Emerging Infectious Diseases:
Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are those that have recently appeared within a population or those whose incidence or geographic range is rapidly increasing. These diseases can be caused by new or previously unidentified infectious agents, the spread of known agents to new populations, or changes in the environment that facilitate disease emergence.
Partnering to outfox crop-infecting viruses in AfricaILRI
This document summarizes a research project that aims to protect bean crops in East Africa from viruses transmitted by aphids. There are three major viruses (Bean common mosaic virus, Bean common mosaic necrosis virus, and Cucumber mosaic virus) that infect beans and reduce yields. The project is studying how viruses manipulate plant-aphid interactions and affect aphid behavior to enhance transmission. Researchers are identifying plant genes and semiochemicals involved in virus-mediated changes. They are also conducting field experiments using trap crops and virus/aphid-resistant plants to design protective crop layouts. The goals are to develop breeding and management strategies to increase bean productivity and improve smallholder farmer livelihoods in the region.
This presentation is about the relevance of vaccine as a public health tool against vaccine preventable diseases and the need to accelerate the development of vaccines against malaria and other diseases of global health importance in developing countries such as Nigeria.
Knowledge, attitude and practices of students enrolled in health related cour...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of 432 students enrolled in health-related courses at Saint Louis University in the Philippines regarding human papillomavirus (HPV). The students demonstrated fair knowledge of HPV transmission but poor understanding of the diseases caused by HPV. Their knowledge of HPV signs and symptoms and prevention/control measures was better. Students had positive attitudes toward HPV infection and vaccination. Medical students showed higher levels of HPV knowledge than other students. While practices for reducing HPV infection were generally good, interventions are still needed to improve HPV education, especially regarding transmission and diseases caused.
The word "vaccine" originates from the Latin word “vacca”, meaning “cow” a virus (cowpox) which manly effect the cow. which Edward Jenner demonstrated in 1798 could prevent smallpox in humans.
This course in "Virology and Mycology" (701) is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the medically important fungi and viruses. The content includes an introduction, general characteristics, life cycle, laboratory diagnosis, and the various techniques used in the identification and study of these microbes. This course will also equip students with practical skills, from preparing culture media to processing clinical samples for diagnosis.
Created by: Mr. Attuluri Vamsi Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of MLT, UIAHS, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab. For more details website: https://www.mltmaster.com
El 12 de mayo de 2017 celebramos en la Fundación Ramó Areces una jornada con IS Global y Unitaid sobre enfermedades transmitidas por vectores, como la malaria, entre otras.
Infection prevention and control general principles and role of microbiology ...maak16
The aim of this review is to know the general principles of infection control and prevention and the role of medical laboratory specialists, hoping that the medical laboratory specialists will play a valuable and effective role in the field of infection control and prevention, thereby preventing hospital infections and antibiotic resistance and providing a safe environment for the patient, health care providers and the community.
Antimicrobial stewardship
Healthcare associated infections
Infection prevention and control
Microbiology laboratory
Hierarchy of Infection Controls
The document provides information about the Microbiology and Immunology (M&I) graduate program at MUSC including:
- The program currently has 17 PhD students, 4 MD/PhD students, and 1 DMD/PhD student and 2 Masters students.
- There are 15 departmental faculty and 40 total program faculty affiliated with the program.
- The program requirements include coursework, qualifying exams, and thesis proposals.
- Several M&I faculty have started companies to commercialize technologies related to their research areas such as vaccines, cancer therapeutics, complement inhibitors, and microbial fuel cells.
This document discusses the development of a nanotechnology-based HIV vaccine. It begins with an introduction to HIV and AIDS, then outlines the objectives, methodology, and types of vaccines that have been used or considered for HIV treatment. The conclusion states that developing an effective HIV vaccine is challenging, as vaccines tested so far have only been partially effective at best. Continued research efforts into different vaccine approaches are needed to end the HIV pandemic.
This document discusses the epidemiology, control measures, and essential lab tests for four arthropod-borne diseases at the primary level: malaria, dengue, Zika, and filaria. It covers the agent, host, and environmental factors; indications for common lab tests and vector control measures; and the role of national health programs and global disease control strategies for these diseases. Details are provided on the transmission, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of each disease.
Semelhante a Potential of multiomics in infectious diseases_3.pptx (20)
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Our backs are like superheroes, holding us up and helping us move around. But sometimes, even superheroes can get hurt. That’s where slip discs come in.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd...Donc Test
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Potential of multiomics in infectious diseases_3.pptx
1. KAMENI Mireille, PhD
Potential of Multi-omics Approaches to Decipher Host-
Pathogen Immune Response to Infectious Diseases:
Challenges in African ecosystem
THEME: Interdisciplinarity, digitalization and technological advancement for
sustainable development
Assistant Lecturer
University of Bamenda
Faculty of Science
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology
Postdoctoral Researcher
Laboratory of Immunobiology and Helminths infections (IBHI)
Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies
Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation /Yaoundé/Cameroon
E-mail: my.kameni@gmail.com
CAYS 2023
2. Contents:
Introduction
1. Host pathogen interaction
2. Infectious Disease in Africa
3. Multi-omics Approaches
4. Challenges in Implementing Multi-omics in African Ecosystem
5. Omics studies in infectious disease research in Africa
Conclusion
3. Introduction
1. Host-pathogen interaction
The host–pathogen interaction is defined as how microbes or viruses
sustain themselves within host organisms on a molecular, cellular,
organismal or population level.
Pathogens can do a variety of things to cause disease
and trigger host immune system
Basics for the development of effective
diagnostic tools, vaccines and treatment
strategies.
4. Half of all deaths in Africa are caused by infectious
diseases, compared to only 2% in Europe (Fenollar
et al., 2018)
2. Infectious Diseases in Africa : prevalence and impact
A threat to “Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want.”
Endemic diseases such as HIV, TB, and malaria
together account for more than 1.2 million deaths
per year on the continent (O’Neill, 2014).
Fig. A Map of Emerging, Re-emerging, and Other Diseases Reported to the Africa Centres
for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) in 2020
Nkengasong and Tessema, 2020
5. Limited resources
Few Healthcare infrastructure
and Excellence research
centers specialized in
Infectious diseases
Diverse pathogens
(polyparasitism)
Lack of robust infection
markers
No approved effective vaccine
Challenges
2. Infectious Diseases in Africa: challenges and solutions
Need for advanced
research approaches.
- Provide insight into complex immunopathology
- Research of host regulators of infection and
morbidity of endemic infectious diseases.
- Developpe High-sensitivity diagnostic tools
- Local Production of Vaccines, Therapeutic, and
Diagnostics
Solutions
6. 3. Multi-omics Approaches
What is Multi-omics ?
The key to deciphering the hidden code of infection
A 360-degree view of infection # reductionist approach of older methods
From understanding to personalized medicine
Speed and efficiency: variability of samples types (non-invasive), rapid data generation, process large number of samples
----> importance in scenarios like disease outbreaks.
Why Adopt Multi-omics ?
Genomics Transcriptomics Proteomics Metabolomics
Multiomics is Revolutionizing Research
https://www.illumina.com/techniques/popular-applications/multiomics.html
7. 4. Challenges in Implementing Multi-omics in Africa
Genetic Diversity: various populations exhibiting unique genetic traits that
can influence immune responses, needs for validation studies in many countries.
Limited Resources: Constraints of cutting-edge omics technologies in Africa,
Infectious Disease Burden: carefully design experiments to ensure
representative of the natural disease contex.
Environmental Factors: such as nutrition, sanitation, and exposure to other
pathogens can consistently influence immune responses.
Data integration and interpretation: lack of experts in machine
learning, Artificial Intelligence, deeplearning.
Capacity building: lack of training programs in bioinformatics, NGS
management, lack of intracontinental collaborative projects, collaborative efforts
between researchers and skateholders are essential for full potential of multi-
omics.
https://h3abionet.org/training/courses-and-events
8. Unit of Immunobiology and Helminth Infections (IBHI)
5. Omics studies in infectious disease research in Africa
https://www.ibhi-lab.com/
Center of Excellence for Spatial Multi-Omics research in Africa
(CESORA), in South Africa
1
2
https://www.ahri.org/register-now-intro-to-spatial-omics-workshop-2023/
Authors affiliation:
Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan,
Ibadan, Nigeria
3
9. Conclusion
Multi-omics approaches in Africa have a huge potential
for future research and advancements in infectious
diseases.
Work together to Find innovative solutions and
collaborations that make multi-omics research feasible
and impactful in Africa.