Multiple choice questions focused on physiology of the cardiovascular system for the 1st stage students of the Nursing College, medical students or anyone interested in the human physiology.

1. ‫ميحرلا نمحرلا هللا‬ ‫بسم‬
CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY MULTIPLE
CHOICE QUESTIONS FOR 1ST
STAGE NURSING
STUDENTS.
MARCH 2023/ DR. RAGHDA BASIL ALKHATEEB
(LECTURER)
1# the first heart sound is produced by the:
A.Closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
B.Opening of the aortic and pulmonary valves
C.Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
D.Opening of the mitral and tricuspid valves
2# Normally cardiac cycle takes complete.
A. 0.1 second
B. 0.08 second
C.0.01 second
D. 0.8 second

2. 3# Thickest layer in heart is:
A. Epicardium
B. Endocardium
C. Pericardium
D. Myocardium
4#Blood supply to heart vessels is by:
A. Vasa vasorum
B. Vasa nervosum
C. Blood flowing through the vessels
D. Both a and c
5#Chordae tendinae is found in:
A. Auricles of the heart
B. Ventricles of the brain
C. Sinus venous
D. Ventricles of the heart

3. 6# The two major opening of the left ventricle
are:
A. Pulmonary vein and aorta
B. Tricuspid valve and pulmonary artery
C. Bicuspid valve and aorta
D. Inferior vena cava and aorta
7# The pacemaker of heart is:
A. SA node
B. AV node
C. Bundle of His
D. Purkinje Fibers
8# Aorta pierces the diaphragm at the level of:
A. T8
B. TIO
C.T12
D. C6

4. 9# Which of the following vitamins has closest
relationship with blood?
A. Vit A
B. Vit D
C. Vit E
D. Vit K
10# Diaphragm is supplied by
arteries.
A. Coronary
B. Phrenic
C. Renal
D. Vasa vasorum
11# The first branch of the human aorta is:
A. Brachiocephalic artery
B. Coronary artery
C. Left common carotid artery

5. D. Left subclavian artery
12#The innermost layer of the blood vessels is made up
of:
A. Ciliated epithelium
B. Endothelium
C. Columnar epithelium
D. Squamous (pavement) epithelium
13# The longest vein in the human body is:
A. Inferior vena cava
B. Subclavian
C. Long saphenous
D. Jugular
14# The instrument used to measure blood
pressure is known as:
A. Electrocardiograph

6. B. Barometer
C. Manometer
D. Sphygmomanometer
15# The velocity of flow in blood vessels is
determined by:
A. caliber of blood vessel
B. viscosity of blood
C. pressure difference between two ends of blood vessels
D. all of the above
16# About percent of the total cardiac
output goes to the kidney.
A. 10%
B. 15%

7. C. 25%
D. 30%
17#Bradycardia occurs in:
A. Pilots
B. Athletes
C. Surgeons
D. Chess players
18#CCU stands for:
A. Cardiac care unit
B. Coronary care unit
C. Cancer care unit
D. Cardiological care unit
19# Which of the following procedures is used to
assess the human blood vessel?
A. Angiography

8. B. Tomography
C. Venography
D. Electromyography
20# Blood pressure is higher in:
A. infants
B. adolescents
C.adults
D. aged people
21# Which of the following has single layer of
endothelial structure?
A. Arteries
B. Veins
C. Capillaries
D. Lymphatic vessels

9. 22# A patient with high fever will most likely
demonstrate the sign of:
A. increased pulse rate
B. increased appetite
C. decreased sweating
D. increased urinary output
23# Least blood pressure is at:
A. Vein
B. Vena cava
C. Aorta
D. Capillary
24# Arteries are:
A. thin walled and blood flows under diminished pressure
B. thick walled and blood flows under high pressure
C. thin walled and blood flows under high pressure
D. thick walled and blood flows under diminished
Pressure

10. 25# The blood in the mammalian heart pumped
by the right ventricle pass out of orifice, which is guarded
by:
A. Tricuspid valve
B. Bicuspid valve
C. Pulmonary valve
D. Aortic arch
26# Blood clot inside a blood vessel is known as:
A. Thrombus
B. Fibrinolysis
C. Thrombosis
D. Clot

11. 27# Hepatic portal system originates from:
A. Liver
B. Kidney
C. Diaphragm
D. Different parts of alimentary canal
28# Parasympathetic stimulation of heart causes:
A.SA node decreases firing
B.Increased AV node excitability
C.Decreased ventricular contraction
D.Tachycardia
29# Normally, the rate of the heart beat in a human is
determined by:
A.Bundle of His
B.all cardiac muscles
C.the SA node
D.the cervical ganglion

12. 30#The ventricular repolarisation in ECG is best seen in:
A."P" wave
B."Q" wave
C."R" wave
D."T" wave
31# Stroke output of each ventricle in normal adult is :
A.30 ml
B.130 ml
C.70 ml
D.5 liters
32#Cardiac output is a measure of:
A.Peripheral resistance * tissue fluid
B.Peripheral resistance * cardiac rate
C.Blood pressure * Cardiac rate
D.Heart rate * Stroke volume

13. 33#The largest function of the total peripheral resistance is
due to:
A.Venules
B.Arterioles
C.Capillaries
D.Precapillary sphincters
34# All the heart valves are open during which stage of
cardiac
cycle?
A.Systolic ejection
B.Isovolumetric relaxation
C.Isovolumetric contraction
D.None of the above
35#Minimum blood Pressure is in:
A.Aorta
B.Arteries
C.Capillaries
D.Venules

14. 36# Starling's law of the heart
A.Does not operate in the failing heart
B.Does not operate during exercise
C.Explains the increase in cardiac output that occurs
when venous return is increased
D.Explains the increase in cardiac output when the
sympathetic nerves supplying the heart are stimulated
37#Which of the followings is true?
A.Starling's law of heart states that increase in force of
contraction is directly related to cardiac output
B.Starling's law of heart states that the force of
ventricular contraction is directly related to the end
diastolic volume
C.Both A and B
D.None of the above

15. 38# Peripheral resistance is maximum in:
A.Aorta
B.Artery
C.Arteriole
D.Vein
39# Stimulation of baroreceptor leads to:
A.Increased blood pressure, Increased heart rate
B.Decreased BP, decreased heart rate
C.Increased BP, decreased heart rate
D.Decreased BP, Increased heart rate
40# Increased functional demand on the heart produces
increased size of the myocardium by:
A.Hyperplasia
B.Hypertrophy
C.Fatty infiltration
D.Increased amounts of fibrous connective tissue

16. 41# Absolute refractory period in heart:
A.Lasts till cardiac contraction
B.Longer than refractory period in skeletal muscle
C.A phase of cardiac cycle in which heart cannot be
stimulated by any amount of stimulus
D.Corresponds with duration of action potential
E.All of the above
42# What is the definition of afterload?
A.The pressure that ventricles must overcome to eject
blood
B.The degree to which cardiac muscle cells are
stretched just before they contract
C.The contractile strength at the given muscle length,
independent of muscle stretch and end-diastolic
volume
D.The pressure that the atria must overcome to eject
blood

17. 43# Closure of the aortic valve occurs before the following
event:
A.Isovolumetric contraction
B.Isovolumetric relaxation
C.Prediastole
D.Presystole
44#Conduction velocity is least in:
A.AV node
B.SA Node
C.Purkinje fibers
D.Bundle of His
45# Fastest conducting tissue in human heart:
A.AV node
B.SA node
C.Bundle of His
D.Purkinje fibers

18. 46# Under resting condition, the cardiac output is
A. 2.5
B. 4.25
C. 5.25
D. 9.5 L/min
47# Coronary blood flow is usually predominantly
controlled by:
A.Auto regulation
B.Hormones
C.Parasympathetic impulses
D.Sympathetic impulse
48#Cardiac output in L/min divided by heart rate equals:
A.Cardiac efficiency
B.Cardiac index
C.Mean Stroke volume
D.Mean arterial pressure

19. 49#Cardiac cycle duration in man is:
A.0.4 sec
B.0.8 sec
C.1.2 sec
D.1.6 sec
50# First heart sound occurs during the period of
A.Isotonic relaxation
B.Isovolumetric relaxation
C.Isovolumetric contraction
D.Isotonic contraction
51#Absolute period when whole heart is in diastole is:
A.0.7 sec
B.0.3 sec
C.0.2 sec
D.0.4 sec
52 #Cardiac outputs is maximum to:
A.Liver

20. B.Brain
C.Kidney
D.Heart
53# Effect on force of contraction of heart is:
A.Chronotropic effect
B.Dromotropic efffect
C.Bathmotropic effect
D.Inotropic effect
54#SA node acts as a pacemaker of the heart because of
the fact that it:
A.is capable of generating impulses
B.has rich sympathetic innervations
C.has poor cholinergic innervations
D.generates impulses at the highest rate
55#Distribution of blood flow is mainly regulated by the:
A.Arteries
B.Arterioles
C.Capillaries
D.Venules

21. 56# Ventricular muscle receives impulses directly from
the:
A.Purkinje system
B.Bundle of His
C.Right and left bundle branches
D.AV node
57# In determining blood pressure by auscultatory
method,
A.The loudest sound is the diastolic pressure
B.Systolic pressure estimation tends to be lower than
those made by palpatory method
C.The first sound heard is systolic pressure
D.The sounds that are heard are generated in heart
58#Isovolumetric relaxation ends immediately after:
A.AV valve closes
B.When ventricular pressure falls below aortic pressure
C.When ventricular pressure falls below atrial pressure
D.None of the above

22. 59# The hemoglobin oxygen saturation of blood entering
the right ventricle is approximately:
A.97 percent
B.85 percent
C.75 percent
D.53 percent
60# In the case of heart muscle, all are true except:
A.Acts as syncytium
B.Has multiple nuclei
C.has gap junctions
D.has branching
61# Second heart sound is characterized by all except:
A.due to closure of semilunar valves
B.is occasionally split
C.has longer duration than first heart sound
D.marks the onset of diastole

23. 62# What is common between systemic and pulmonary
circulation?
A.Volume of the circulation per minute
B.Peripheral vascular resistance
C.Pulse pressure
D.Total capacity
63# Stimulation of the baroreceptors results in:
A.Increase in heart rate
B.Decreased vagal discharge
C.Increased sympathetic discharge
D.Decrease in blood pressure
64# The function of carotid body is:
A.Measures the change in pO2 in arterial blood
B.Measures p02 in venous blood
C.Measures the change in CO2 in arterial blood
D.Measures the change in CO2 in venous blood
****The carotid body is a 2 to 6 mm, round bilateral sensory organ in the peripheral
nervous system located in the adventitia of the bifurcation of the common carotid
artery. (Chemoreceptor).
*****The carotid sinus usually appears as a dilation of the lower end of the internal
carotid in late adolescence and functions as a baroreceptor.

24. 65#The dicrotic notch on the aortic pressure curve is
caused by:
A.Closure of the pulmonary valve
B.Rapid filling of the left ventricle
C.Closure of the aortic valve
D.Contraction of the aorta
66# Which one of the heart sounds heard in elderly and
pathologic in the young?
A. First heart sound
B. Second heart sound
C. Third heart sound

25. D. Fourth heart sound
ANSWERS:
1. C
2. D
3. D
4. D
5. D
6. C
7. A
8. C
9. D
10. B
11. B
12. B
13. C
14. D
15. D
16. C
17. B
18. B
19. A
20. D
21. C
22. A
23. B

26. 24. B
25. C
26. A
27. D
28. A
29. C
30. D
31. C
32. D
33. B
34. D
35. D
36. C
37. C
38. C
39. B
40. B
41. E
42. A
43. B
44. A
45. D
46. C
47. C
48. C
49. B
50. C

27. 51. D
52. A
53. D
54. D
55. B
56. A
57. C
58. C
59. C
60. B
61. C
62. A
63. D
64. A
65. C
66. D