Maxillary sinus
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This document discusses the anatomy and development of the maxillary sinus. It notes that the maxillary sinus is the largest of the four pairs of paranasal sinuses. It develops beginning at 2 months in utero and grows in two phases, from 0-3 years and 7-12 years. The maxillary sinus has a pyramidal shape with its base on the nasal wall and apex at the zygomatic process. It is related to the roots of the posterior maxillary teeth and drains into the middle meatus via the maxillary ostium.
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Maxillary sinus is the largest of the paranasal sinuses. It develops from a shallow groove in the maxilla and reaches its maximum size by age 18. It has multiple walls and communicates with the nasal cavity via the osteum. Maxillary sinusitis can result from dental issues like periapical abscesses, cysts, foreign bodies or trauma. Odontogenic tumors and cysts can also involve the maxillary sinus. Care must be taken during dental procedures near the maxillary sinus to prevent oroantral communications.
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This document provides an overview of oral epithelium, including its structure and function. It discusses the four main layers of stratified squamous epithelium found in the oral cavity - stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum. It describes the cells found in each layer, such as stem cells, transit amplifying cells, and keratinocytes, and the changes they undergo during differentiation and keratinization. The document also discusses non-keratinocyte cells like melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells. It provides details on cytoskeletal components, basement membrane, and the specialized oral mucosas.
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Maxillary sinus is the largest of the paranasal sinuses. It develops from a shallow groove in the maxilla and reaches its maximum size by age 18. It has multiple walls and communicates with the nasal cavity via the osteum. Maxillary sinusitis can result from dental issues like periapical abscesses, cysts, foreign bodies or trauma. Odontogenic tumors and cysts can also involve the maxillary sinus. Care must be taken during dental procedures near the maxillary sinus to prevent oroantral communications.
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- The cells involved in cementum formation and maintenance, including cementoblasts and cementocytes.
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- The functions of cementum in anchoring teeth, adaptation, and repair.
- Some developmental anomalies and abnormalities that can affect cementum.
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maxillary sinus anatomy histology.pptx
The maxillary sinus is the largest of the paranasal sinuses. It is located within the body of the maxilla bone and communicates with the nasal cavity via an opening called the osteum. The maxillary sinus develops during fetal development and reaches its maximum size around 18 years of age. It has thin walls that are in close proximity to important structures like the orbit and teeth. Conditions like sinusitis or cysts can develop within the maxillary sinus and spread to surrounding areas due to its anatomical relationships. Precise knowledge of the maxillary sinus anatomy is important for dental surgeons to avoid complications during procedures involving nearby teeth.
ENAMEL
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE OF ENAMEL
DEVELOPMENT OF ENAMEL
EPITHELIAL ENAMEL ORGAN
AMELOGENESIS
LIFE CYCLE OF AMELOBLASTS
AGE CHANGES IN ENAMEL
DEFECTS OF AMELOGENESIS
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Histology and physiology of the pulp
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The dental pulp is soft connective tissue located within the tooth. It contains specialized cells called odontoblasts along the periphery that are in contact with dentin. The pulp-dentin complex is surrounded by rigid tooth structure so the pulp cannot expand during injury or inflammation. The pulp receives a minimal blood supply and innervation from both sensory and autonomic nerves. Throughout life, secondary dentin deposition gradually reduces the size of the pulp chamber and root canals. age change in dental hard tissue
Aging causes irreversible changes to the dental hard tissues over time. The three main tissues - enamel, dentin, and cementum - all undergo changes as part of the aging process. Enamel becomes less permeable and more discolored with age. Dentin develops more dead tracts and sclerotic dentin. Cementum may experience hypercementosis and the formation of cementicles. The alveolar bone also undergoes resorption, decreasing in height and width over time. These morphological and functional changes to the dental tissues are a natural part of the biological aging process.
periodontal ligament
The periodontal ligament is the soft connective tissue between the cementum and alveolar bone. It has an hourglass shape that is thinnest in the middle and widens coronally and apically. During tooth eruption, fibroblasts produce collagen fibers that develop into principal fiber groups including the transseptal, alveolar crest, horizontal, oblique, apical, and interradicular fibers. The periodontal ligament contains collagen fibers, cellular elements like fibroblasts, and ground substances such as glycosaminoglycans. It functions to support the tooth, sense pressure, and maintain attachment through Sharpey's fibers embedded in the cementum and bone.
Histology of Pulp
The dental pulp contains zones including the odontoblastic zone, cell-free zone, and cell-rich zone. Principal cells include odontoblasts that synthesize dentin, fibroblasts that form the pulp matrix, and immune cells. Blood vessels enter the pulp and branches form capillaries. Nerves form the Raschkow plexus near the odontoblasts. The pulp provides nutrients and sensation to the tooth.
Cementum
Cementum is the mineralized connective tissue covering tooth roots. It has several functions including anchoring collagen fibers from the periodontal ligament to provide attachment between the tooth and bone. Cementum can be classified based on its location, cellularity, fiber content, and other characteristics. It plays roles in adaptation, repair, and maintaining the periodontium. The cemento-enamel junction describes the interface between cementum and enamel at the cervical portion of the tooth root.
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The document summarizes key aspects of enamel structure and formation. It describes that enamel is composed of elongated enamel rods made of hydroxyapatite crystals. Enamel formation (amelogenesis) involves an initial secretory stage where the enamel organic matrix is deposited, followed by a maturation stage where the matrix mineralizes. During the secretory stage, ameloblasts form finger-like projections called Tomes' processes that guide enamel rod formation.
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The periodontal ligament is a specialized connective tissue that connects the cementum of teeth to the alveolar bone. It develops from the dental follicle during root formation and tooth eruption. The periodontal ligament is composed of collagen fibers, fibroblasts, blood vessels and nerves. The principal collagen fibers are arranged in bundles and attach to the cementum and bone. The periodontal ligament helps maintain homeostasis between the teeth and surrounding tissues and allows for tooth mobility.
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The document discusses the periodontal ligament (PDL), which is the soft connective tissue that surrounds tooth roots and attaches cementum to alveolar bone. It defines PDL and describes its extent, average width, development from the dental follicle, orientation of collagen fibers, cellular elements including fibroblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts, and epithelial rests of Mallassez. The document also covers the biochemical composition and ground substance of PDL, as well as its blood supply, nerve supply, age-related changes, and role in healing after periodontal surgery.
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The document provides information about the maxillary sinus:
1. The maxillary sinus is an air-filled space located within the body of the maxilla bone that communicates with the nasal cavity.
2. It develops beginning at 12 weeks of gestation as an outpocketing of the nasal epithelium. The maxillary sinus is the first paranasal sinus to develop.
3. In adults, it has a pyramidal shape with its base forming the lateral nasal wall and its apex near the zygomatic bone. It is lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium and contains seromucous glands.
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The document summarizes key information about the maxillary sinus, including its development, anatomy, blood supply, drainage, and clinical importance. It begins with a brief overview of paranasal sinuses and then focuses on the maxillary sinus. The maxillary sinus develops from the maxillary process by 12 weeks gestation and increases in size throughout childhood and adulthood. It has multiple walls that form its boundaries and drains into the middle meatus through the maxillary ostium. Issues like sinusitis, dental infections, and trauma can involve the maxillary sinus.
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Cementum
This document provides an overview of cementum, the calcified tissue that forms the outer covering of tooth roots. It discusses the development, composition, histology, classification, and functions of cementum. Cementum begins forming at the cementoenamel junction and extends to the root apex. It is made up of inorganic hydroxyapatite and organic collagen fibers. Cementum provides a medium for periodontal ligament attachment and protects underlying dentin, helping to maintain tooth integrity under forces. It is capable of continuous deposition to repair damage or resorption on root surfaces.
Alveolar bone
Alveolar bone is the specialized bone that forms the sockets for teeth in the maxilla and mandible. It consists of alveolar bone proper surrounding the tooth root, supporting alveolar bone made of cortical plates and spongy bone, and bundle bone where periodontal ligament fibers insert. Osteoblasts build bone matrix while osteoclasts resorb it, allowing remodeling. With age, alveolar bone thins with wider marrow spaces and more fragile trabeculae, leading the alveolar crest to slope down distally as teeth tilt mesially.
Dentinogingival junction
The dentogingival junction is the region where the tooth is attached to the gingiva. It initially forms with the emergence of the tooth into the oral cavity, with the enamel covered by epithelium. Over time, the junction shifts apically as the epithelium separates from the enamel surface in a process called passive eruption. The junctional epithelium, which is more permeable, eventually attaches at the cementoenamel junction. In unhealthy conditions, the junction and sulcus can shift further onto the root surface, forming a pathological periodontal pocket.
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This document provides an overview of cementum, including:
- Its physical characteristics, composition, classification, and formation process (cementogenesis).
- The cells involved in cementum formation and maintenance, including cementoblasts and cementocytes.
- Its locations and junctions with other tissues like enamel and dentin.
- The functions of cementum in anchoring teeth, adaptation, and repair.
- Some developmental anomalies and abnormalities that can affect cementum.
Dental pulp
Coronal and radicular pulp
Apical foramen
Accessory canal
Functions of dental pulp
Components of dental pulp
Functions of pulpal extracellular matrix
Organization of cells in the pulp
The principle cells of the pulp
The pathways of collagen synthesis
Matrix and ground substances
Vasculature and lymphatic supply
Innervation of Dentin- pulp complex
Disorders of the dental pulp
Advances in pulp vitality testing
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It is a presentation in detail about the strongest structure of the oral cavity "ENAMEL". It is a simple topic but people find it difficult to learn about it. I hope my presentation is a simple method to learn about it. I would like to thank my professors for assign me this project and i learn't a lot from it and still learning my basics daily.
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This document provides details on the structure and composition of enamel. It notes that enamel is the hardest tissue in the body, covering the anatomical crown. It is made up primarily of hydroxyapatite crystals arranged in enamel prisms/rods from the dentin-enamel junction to the surface. The direction of the prisms changes in a sinusoidal pattern. Between the prisms is interprismatic enamel. Near the surface is aprismatic enamel which is more highly mineralized. Throughout life, the crown is covered by an organic layer or integument.
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This document provides information on cementum, including its definition, physical characteristics, chemical composition, formation (cementogenesis), classification, functions, anomalies, and clinical considerations. Cementum is the mineralized tissue covering tooth roots. It is softer than dentin and lacks enamel's luster. Cementum formation involves acellular and cellular stages. Cementum attaches the periodontal ligament fibers to the tooth root and allows for tooth repair. Abnormalities include hypercementosis, ankylosis, and cementomas. Cementum is an important part of the periodontium that aids in tooth attachment and repair.
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This document provides an overview of the anatomy, histology, development and clinical implications of alveolar bone. It describes the components and cellular makeup of bone, including osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts. It explains that the alveolar process develops with tooth eruption and is resorbed after tooth loss. Factors that regulate bone formation and resorption are discussed. The document also outlines how alveolar bone is affected by tooth loss, orthodontic forces and non-functioning teeth.
maxillary sinus anatomy histology.pptx
The maxillary sinus is the largest of the paranasal sinuses. It is located within the body of the maxilla bone and communicates with the nasal cavity via an opening called the osteum. The maxillary sinus develops during fetal development and reaches its maximum size around 18 years of age. It has thin walls that are in close proximity to important structures like the orbit and teeth. Conditions like sinusitis or cysts can develop within the maxillary sinus and spread to surrounding areas due to its anatomical relationships. Precise knowledge of the maxillary sinus anatomy is important for dental surgeons to avoid complications during procedures involving nearby teeth.
ENAMEL
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE OF ENAMEL
DEVELOPMENT OF ENAMEL
EPITHELIAL ENAMEL ORGAN
AMELOGENESIS
LIFE CYCLE OF AMELOBLASTS
AGE CHANGES IN ENAMEL
DEFECTS OF AMELOGENESIS
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Histology and physiology of the pulp
Histology and physiology of the pulpDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Mustansiriyah University
The dental pulp is soft connective tissue located within the tooth. It contains specialized cells called odontoblasts along the periphery that are in contact with dentin. The pulp-dentin complex is surrounded by rigid tooth structure so the pulp cannot expand during injury or inflammation. The pulp receives a minimal blood supply and innervation from both sensory and autonomic nerves. Throughout life, secondary dentin deposition gradually reduces the size of the pulp chamber and root canals. age change in dental hard tissue
Aging causes irreversible changes to the dental hard tissues over time. The three main tissues - enamel, dentin, and cementum - all undergo changes as part of the aging process. Enamel becomes less permeable and more discolored with age. Dentin develops more dead tracts and sclerotic dentin. Cementum may experience hypercementosis and the formation of cementicles. The alveolar bone also undergoes resorption, decreasing in height and width over time. These morphological and functional changes to the dental tissues are a natural part of the biological aging process.
periodontal ligament
The periodontal ligament is the soft connective tissue between the cementum and alveolar bone. It has an hourglass shape that is thinnest in the middle and widens coronally and apically. During tooth eruption, fibroblasts produce collagen fibers that develop into principal fiber groups including the transseptal, alveolar crest, horizontal, oblique, apical, and interradicular fibers. The periodontal ligament contains collagen fibers, cellular elements like fibroblasts, and ground substances such as glycosaminoglycans. It functions to support the tooth, sense pressure, and maintain attachment through Sharpey's fibers embedded in the cementum and bone.
Histology of Pulp
The dental pulp contains zones including the odontoblastic zone, cell-free zone, and cell-rich zone. Principal cells include odontoblasts that synthesize dentin, fibroblasts that form the pulp matrix, and immune cells. Blood vessels enter the pulp and branches form capillaries. Nerves form the Raschkow plexus near the odontoblasts. The pulp provides nutrients and sensation to the tooth.
Cementum
Cementum is the mineralized connective tissue covering tooth roots. It has several functions including anchoring collagen fibers from the periodontal ligament to provide attachment between the tooth and bone. Cementum can be classified based on its location, cellularity, fiber content, and other characteristics. It plays roles in adaptation, repair, and maintaining the periodontium. The cemento-enamel junction describes the interface between cementum and enamel at the cervical portion of the tooth root.
Enamel
The document summarizes key aspects of enamel structure and formation. It describes that enamel is composed of elongated enamel rods made of hydroxyapatite crystals. Enamel formation (amelogenesis) involves an initial secretory stage where the enamel organic matrix is deposited, followed by a maturation stage where the matrix mineralizes. During the secretory stage, ameloblasts form finger-like projections called Tomes' processes that guide enamel rod formation.
9.periodontal ligament ppt
The periodontal ligament is a specialized connective tissue that connects the cementum of teeth to the alveolar bone. It develops from the dental follicle during root formation and tooth eruption. The periodontal ligament is composed of collagen fibers, fibroblasts, blood vessels and nerves. The principal collagen fibers are arranged in bundles and attach to the cementum and bone. The periodontal ligament helps maintain homeostasis between the teeth and surrounding tissues and allows for tooth mobility.
Shedding
This document discusses tooth shedding, or the process by which primary teeth are replaced by permanent teeth. It defines shedding as the physiological process by which deciduous teeth are resorbed and lost to make way for successor teeth. Key points covered include the factors affecting shedding like pressure from erupting permanent teeth and genetic factors; the histology of shedding involving resorption of dental hard and soft tissues; the typical pattern of shedding from anterior to posterior teeth; and potential abnormalities in shedding like retained, submerged, or residual primary teeth.
PDL, PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.
The document discusses the periodontal ligament (PDL), which is the soft connective tissue that surrounds tooth roots and attaches cementum to alveolar bone. It defines PDL and describes its extent, average width, development from the dental follicle, orientation of collagen fibers, cellular elements including fibroblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts, and epithelial rests of Mallassez. The document also covers the biochemical composition and ground substance of PDL, as well as its blood supply, nerve supply, age-related changes, and role in healing after periodontal surgery.
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Semelhante a Maxillary sinus
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The document provides information about the maxillary sinus:
1. The maxillary sinus is an air-filled space located within the body of the maxilla bone that communicates with the nasal cavity.
2. It develops beginning at 12 weeks of gestation as an outpocketing of the nasal epithelium. The maxillary sinus is the first paranasal sinus to develop.
3. In adults, it has a pyramidal shape with its base forming the lateral nasal wall and its apex near the zygomatic bone. It is lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium and contains seromucous glands.
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The document summarizes key information about the maxillary sinus, including its development, anatomy, blood supply, drainage, and clinical importance. It begins with a brief overview of paranasal sinuses and then focuses on the maxillary sinus. The maxillary sinus develops from the maxillary process by 12 weeks gestation and increases in size throughout childhood and adulthood. It has multiple walls that form its boundaries and drains into the middle meatus through the maxillary ostium. Issues like sinusitis, dental infections, and trauma can involve the maxillary sinus.
Maxillary sinus aishu.pptx
The document provides information about the maxillary sinus, including its embryology, anatomy, vascularization, innervation, clinical examination, radiological investigation, microscopic anatomy, infections, and management. It discusses the development of the maxillary sinus from a shallow groove in the 4th month of fetal life to its full adult size after the eruption of permanent dentition. The maxillary sinus has relationships with the orbit, nasal cavity, zygoma, and teeth. Infection of the maxillary sinus can be acute, subacute, chronic, bacterial, viral, fungal or mycobacterial in nature. Clinical examination, radiography including Waters view, and CT are used to diagnose maxillary sinusitis. Management involves
Anatomy of Nose and PNS
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3. Between 7-10 weeks, the paranasal sinuses begin to form from outpocketings of the nasal mucosa. The maxillary sinus is the first to form around 3 months of gestation.
4. The external nose is made up of bones, cartilages and overlying skin and muscle. The internal nasal cavity has
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This document discusses the anatomy and functions of the paranasal sinuses. It begins by introducing the four main paired sinuses - maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal. It then covers the development, boundaries, blood supply, drainage and clinical relevance of each individual sinus. The maxillary sinus is described as the largest sinus, located within the maxilla. The frontal sinus is the last to develop and is located within the frontal bone. The ethmoidal sinus comprises many small air cells within the ethmoid bone. The sphenoidal sinus is the smallest sinus located within the sphenoid bone near the pituitary gland. Throughout, diagrams and radiographs supplement the detailed anatomical descriptions.
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The document discusses the anatomy and imaging of the paranasal sinuses. It begins with the embryology of the sinuses, noting that the maxillary, ethmoid, and frontal sinuses develop from invaginations of the nasal cavity into bones. The anatomy sections describe each of the four major sinuses - maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid, and frontal - as well as other structures like the osteomeatal complex and nasal passages. Variations in anatomy are also covered. Imaging modalities for evaluating the sinuses include conventional radiography, CT, and MRI, with CT considered the gold standard.
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The nasal cavity is divided by the nasal septum and contains three meatuses. The nasal cavity receives blood supply from various arteries including the sphenopalatine artery. There are four paired paranasal sinuses located around the nasal cavity: the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoidal sinuses. The osteomeatal complex and meatus are involved in sinus drainage. Certain ethmoid air cells like Haller and Onodi cells can affect sinus drainage or structures like the optic nerve.
Paranasal sinuses
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Surgical anatomy of Maxillary Sinus , Lateral wall of nose and Soft Palate
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This document provides an in-depth overview of the anatomy of the middle ear, including its structures and blood supply. Key points covered include:
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Maxillary sinus
- 1. MAXILLARY SINUS DR.G.NANDHINI DEPT. OF ORAL PATHOLOGY SRM DENTAL COLLEGE
- 2. PARANASAL SINUSES • Hollow air filled cavities or spaces lined by mucous membrane • 4 pairs of paranasal sinuses (bilaterally) Maxillary air sinus - Largest Frontal air sinus, Ethmoidal air sinus Sphenoidal air sinus
- 3. MAXILLARY SINUS • Antrum of Highmore (Nathaniel Highmore) • Maxillary sinus is the pneumatic space that is lodged inside the body of the maxilla and that communicates with the environment by way of the middle nasal meatus and the nasal vestibule
- 4. FUNCTIONS • Imparts resonance to the voice • Increases the surface area and lightens the skull • Warming of inspired air • Humification of dry air • Filters the debris from the inspired air • Mucus production and storage • Limit extent of facial injury from trauma • Provides thermal insulation
- 5. DEVELOPMENT • 1st to develop • Begins at 2 months in utero • Biphasic growth • 0 to 3 yrs • 7 to 12 yrs • Shape varies • Tubular at birth • Ovoid in childhood • Pyramidal in adulthood
- 6. ANATOMY • Pyramidal in shape. • Volume – 15 cm3 [34x33x23] • Base – Nasal wall • Apex – Zygomatic process • Roof – Orbital floor • Floor – Level varies
- 9. FLOOR OF THE SINUS Closely related to root apices of the maxillary premolar and molar.
- 10. MAXILLARY OSTIUM • High up in medial wall • Opens into the middle meatus of the nose in the lower part of the hiatus semilunaris. • Size – 2.5mm
- 11. RELATED STRUCTURES • Nasolacrimal duct • Nasal fontanelles
- 12. VASCULAR SUPPLY • Arterial supply: • Infraorbital A • Sphenopalatine A • Greater palatine A • Posterior superior alveolar A • Venous drainage • Facial & pterygoid plexus of veins • Lymph – Submandibular nodes
- 13. NERVE SUPPLY • Parasymphathetic • Greater petrosal N – Mucous secretion • Sensory • Greater palatine N • Infraorbital N
- 14. HISTOLOGY • Schnederian membrane – Bilaminar • Ciliated columnar epithelium • Periosteum Bone
- 15. SINUS EPITHELIUM • Pseudostratified ciliated Columnar epithelium [0.3 – 0.8mm] • Cells with cilia • Cells without cilia • Goblet cells • Basal cells • Transient immune cells [Lymphocytes & Plasma cells]
- 17. GOBLET CELLS
- 18. PERIOSTEUM • It is formed of connective tissue cells, and intercellular substance of collagen bundles and it is moderately vascular. • The lamina propria contains subepithelial antral glands composed of mixed glands formed of serous and mucous acini or mixed acini as well as myoepithelial cells.
- 19. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS • Small sinus – Congenital syphilis • Inflammatory - Maxillary sinusitis • Traumatic - Fractured root Blow out fracture Zygomatic complex fracture • Calcification – Antroliths • Tumor - Antral Polyps Squamous cell carcinoma • Oro antral communication