Lessons from Traditional Architecture, and its Importance & Relevance in the Modern/ Contemporary World. semester 1, masters of architecture, Chandigarh College of Architecture
The document discusses vernacular architecture, which refers to traditional construction methods used by local builders without professional architects. It focuses on vernacular architecture in hill regions of India, describing characteristics like use of local materials, load-bearing structures, small openings, and sloping roofs. Specific examples from Himachal Pradesh, Kashmir, and Ladakh are provided, including construction techniques like dhajji walls and materials used like wood, stone, and mud. The importance of studying vernacular architecture for disaster recovery and sustainable design is also noted.
DISSERTATION- TRADITIONAL CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS OF RAJASTHANDipesh Jain
DISSERTATION
TRADITIONAL MATERIAL IN RAJASTHAN
INFORMATION
ACKNOLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
NEED FOR STUDY
AIM
OBJECTIVE
SCOPE
LIMITATION
BOOK CASE STUDY
LIVE CASE STUDY
LITERATURE REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
REFERENCE
CONCLUSION
DESIGN
DATA COLLECTION
ANALYSIS
RESEARCH DESIGN
FIGURES
TABLES
NEED FOR STUDY
The document describes traditional house styles in South Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. It discusses Gutthu houses in South Karnataka, which are large, inward-facing mansions with steeply pitched roofs. It also describes traditional Bunt houses called Guthu Mane, which have wooden pillars and four doors. In Andhra Pradesh, traditional houses are either circular with conical roofs or rectangular with pitched roofs, built from mud or mud and wattle. Coastal Andhra villages typically have clusters of round mud houses arranged closely together to withstand cyclones.
AL BAHR - an intelligent building of ABU DHABI.Sajida Shah
Al-Bahr Towers are twin office towers located in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Designed by Aedas Architects and constructed between 2009-2012, each tower has 27 floors and reaches a height of 145.1 meters. The towers were designed with a dynamic shading screen system inspired by mashrabiya wood lattice designs to minimize solar heat gain and energy usage in the hot desert climate. The computer-controlled screens open and close in response to the sun's movement each day to provide shade while allowing daylight into the buildings.
This is an Architectural case study on the Centre for Environment Planning & Technology (CEPT) building. Situated in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. This is done by an architecture student in semester 5.
Dakshinachitra is a 10-acre living museum in Chennai that showcases the art, architecture, crafts, and traditions of South India. It contains recreated houses and settlements from the four South Indian states - Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. Visitors can explore the different housing types and craft demonstrations, as well as cultural performances. The museum aims to authentically represent and preserve the diverse cultural heritage of South India.
The medieval city of Jodhpur, India was founded in 1459 by Rao Jodha on a rocky hill where he built the Mehrangarh Fort. Over time, the city expanded with the addition of walls, gates, residential areas segregated by caste, and infrastructure like lakes and stepwells to supply water. Jodhpur benefited economically and culturally from its position on trade routes between Delhi and Gujarat. In later centuries, the city continued growing outside its walls under Mughal rule and British influence, as new palaces, courts, and other buildings were constructed.
The document discusses vernacular architecture, which refers to traditional construction methods used by local builders without professional architects. It focuses on vernacular architecture in hill regions of India, describing characteristics like use of local materials, load-bearing structures, small openings, and sloping roofs. Specific examples from Himachal Pradesh, Kashmir, and Ladakh are provided, including construction techniques like dhajji walls and materials used like wood, stone, and mud. The importance of studying vernacular architecture for disaster recovery and sustainable design is also noted.
DISSERTATION- TRADITIONAL CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS OF RAJASTHANDipesh Jain
DISSERTATION
TRADITIONAL MATERIAL IN RAJASTHAN
INFORMATION
ACKNOLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
NEED FOR STUDY
AIM
OBJECTIVE
SCOPE
LIMITATION
BOOK CASE STUDY
LIVE CASE STUDY
LITERATURE REVIEW
BOOK REVIEW
REFERENCE
CONCLUSION
DESIGN
DATA COLLECTION
ANALYSIS
RESEARCH DESIGN
FIGURES
TABLES
NEED FOR STUDY
The document describes traditional house styles in South Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. It discusses Gutthu houses in South Karnataka, which are large, inward-facing mansions with steeply pitched roofs. It also describes traditional Bunt houses called Guthu Mane, which have wooden pillars and four doors. In Andhra Pradesh, traditional houses are either circular with conical roofs or rectangular with pitched roofs, built from mud or mud and wattle. Coastal Andhra villages typically have clusters of round mud houses arranged closely together to withstand cyclones.
AL BAHR - an intelligent building of ABU DHABI.Sajida Shah
Al-Bahr Towers are twin office towers located in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Designed by Aedas Architects and constructed between 2009-2012, each tower has 27 floors and reaches a height of 145.1 meters. The towers were designed with a dynamic shading screen system inspired by mashrabiya wood lattice designs to minimize solar heat gain and energy usage in the hot desert climate. The computer-controlled screens open and close in response to the sun's movement each day to provide shade while allowing daylight into the buildings.
This is an Architectural case study on the Centre for Environment Planning & Technology (CEPT) building. Situated in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. This is done by an architecture student in semester 5.
Dakshinachitra is a 10-acre living museum in Chennai that showcases the art, architecture, crafts, and traditions of South India. It contains recreated houses and settlements from the four South Indian states - Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. Visitors can explore the different housing types and craft demonstrations, as well as cultural performances. The museum aims to authentically represent and preserve the diverse cultural heritage of South India.
The medieval city of Jodhpur, India was founded in 1459 by Rao Jodha on a rocky hill where he built the Mehrangarh Fort. Over time, the city expanded with the addition of walls, gates, residential areas segregated by caste, and infrastructure like lakes and stepwells to supply water. Jodhpur benefited economically and culturally from its position on trade routes between Delhi and Gujarat. In later centuries, the city continued growing outside its walls under Mughal rule and British influence, as new palaces, courts, and other buildings were constructed.
HERITAGE- It is not only about built heritage but includes certain distinctive open areas, neighborhoods, and environs
which are of historical, aesthetic,
cultural or sociological interest and
value which we would like to preserve
for the posterity as they enrich our
history and traditions.Heritage characteristics to be
preserved or conserved are
identified as elevational features,
floor heights, cornices, special
carvings designs, motifs,
architectural style, roof-scape
etc.
Conserving and preserving the
Heritage of our historical possession
in its pristine and original form, so
that it continues to portray its original
beauty, distinctive character, unique
style or use or association with a
distinctive historical personality or
event
Case Study : Art and craft exhibition complex omplexAvi Shiplu
The document provides information on the Matsumoto Performing Arts Centre designed by architect Toyo Ito. Key details include:
- The project site was unusually shaped, stretching north to south. Ito placed the stage facing north to avoid turning the back of the building to the residential area south of the site.
- The centre contains one large hall seating 1800 and one small hall seating 240 for local events.
- Circulation spaces like the lobby allow the narrow site shape to be forgotten. Rehearsal rooms are located on the fifth floor above the rear stage and lobby.
- Findings note the double height entrance space, linear circulation patterns, emphasis on scale and proportion between spaces, and use
Several factors influenced traditional house forms, including climate, materials, technology, culture and site conditions. While climate initially drove early shelters, culture became more influential over time as societies evolved. Houses came to symbolize cultural practices and beliefs, with spaces organized according to social hierarchies and religious symbols incorporated. Site constraints like flooding or earthquakes also directly shaped house designs in some areas. Overall, houses reflected and reinforced the collective understanding and identity of their communities.
The document provides an overview of vernacular architecture in India. It discusses that vernacular architecture is native and uses local materials, craftsmanship and technology suited for the climate. India has diverse climatic zones and each region developed distinct vernacular styles using local resources responsive to the climate and culture. Examples of vernacular building types from different regions are given along with their features adapted for ventilation, lighting and thermal comfort through passive design. The conclusion emphasizes that studying vernacular architecture can provide lessons for sustainable design that blends traditional wisdom with modern technology.
Vivek Kumar Rai is proposing a design for a Cultural Heritage and Interpretation Centre in Varanasi, India. The centre would help preserve Varanasi's rich cultural heritage and promote understanding of the city's history and mythology among visitors and locals. It would be located near the historic site of Sarnath, which receives many tourists annually and would house administrative offices, cultural spaces like an auditorium and prayer halls, interpretation areas like exhibitions and a library, and other amenities. Rai will analyze the site conditions and context, research requirements and case studies, and develop a conceptual design that considers the urban landscape and its surroundings.
vernacular architecture in context to Climate ChangeJanmejoy Gupta
The document discusses vernacular architecture and its importance for climate-responsive design. It explores examples of vernacular architecture from regions of India like Kerala and Kutch. Key determinants of vernacular design identified are climate, locally available materials, construction techniques, and socio-cultural influences. Lessons from traditional structures like use of thermal mass, ventilation, shading and passive cooling principles need to be understood and incorporated in modern construction to fight climate change.
Pondicherry had been passed on to multiple colonial powers of Dutch, Portuguese, English, but predominantly French. Even now there's a huge French influence in Pondicherry, now a Union Territory of India.
Kanvinde was an influential Indian architect known for introducing modernism and functionalism to architecture in India. He studied under Walter Gropius at Harvard and brought the Bauhaus style to his works. The document discusses Kanvinde's role in developing modern Indian architecture and provides details on his design of IIT Kanpur in the 1950s-60s. Key aspects of the IIT Kanpur design included separating functions into distinct masses arranged for interior functionality and exterior elegance, as well as emphasizing natural light, pedestrian accessibility, and landscaped outdoor spaces.
1. The document outlines an undergraduate thesis proposal for a Cultural Heritage and Interpretation Centre in Varanasi, India.
2. The proposed project aims to develop a design for the centre to promote and educate visitors about Varanasi's rich cultural heritage and traditions.
3. The site selected is near the historic Sarnath area, which receives many tourists and pilgrims, in order to take advantage of its context and accessibility.
This document summarizes the key considerations for architecture in warm and humid climates. It discusses that high temperatures and humidity require cross ventilation, shading, and other strategies. Some of Geoffrey Bawa's architectural approaches are then highlighted, including central courtyards to promote air flow, orientation for natural ventilation, use of stone and pitched roofs, sill heights above eye level, and raising structures on plinths. His Sri Lankan Parliament building is provided as an example of his work applying these principles.
casestudy on conservation of historic township (leh)laxmi basnet
The document discusses conservation of historic townships in Nepal. It defines conservation as action taken to prolong the life and integrity of built heritage. Conservation helps develop expertise and learn about construction typology and materials over time. Some key points:
- Historic structures are important parts of cultural heritage that deteriorate without maintenance. Conservation aims to respect past cultures and prevent decay.
- Values that determine what needs conservation include emotional, architectural, aesthetic, archaeological, socio-economic, political and spiritual values.
- The methodology of conservation includes inventorying, inspecting, and documenting buildings before appropriate interventions like preservation, restoration or reconstruction.
- Degrees of intervention range from prevention of deterioration to conjectural restoration, with the
Case study hastha shilpa heritage villagemichellesahay
The document discusses the Manipal Heritage Village project which aims to restore and conserve centuries-old architectural structures from across Karnataka. Over the last decade, the project has relocated 26 structures representing different architectural styles and craftsmanship. The village showcases the influence of culture, rulers, socio-economic status and religious practices on building design. It vividly recreates past villages and is located near Manipal lake, covering 6 acres.
The document discusses traditional earth construction techniques that have been used for over 9,000 years around the world, outlines different types of soils used for construction, and examines contemporary innovations that can help optimize earth as a building material and make it more viable for modern architecture. It explores how studying traditional methods and addressing issues like shrinkage can help earth construction be better utilized today through improved designs, materials, and techniques.
The Al-Bahr Towers in Abu Dhabi feature a dynamic facade inspired by traditional Islamic mashrabiya wood lattice screens. The facade is made up of 2,000 umbrella-like transparent components on each tower that open and close in response to the sun's movement to reduce solar gain and glare. This dynamic shading system provides up to 50% reduction in solar heat gain and lowers energy consumption and carbon emissions. The towers were designed by Aedas Architects to achieve high environmental performance through passive design strategies like the innovative adaptive facade.
Joseph Allen Stein was an American architect who worked extensively in India from 1952 until his death in 2001. He is renowned for designing several important buildings in India in a modern regionalist style that incorporated local materials and drew from Indian architectural traditions. Some of his most notable works include the India International Center, India Habitat Center, Triveni Kala Sangam arts center, and buildings at the Lodhi Estate in Delhi.
Srirangam is an island town in Tamil Nadu, India with a population of over 2 million people. It is home to the Srirangam Temple complex which covers an area of 6.79 million square feet and has 21 towers, making it the largest functioning Hindu temple in the world. The town developed around the temple, with residential areas arranged in concentric circles based on caste. The temple remains the economic and cultural center of Srirangam, drawing over 7 million visitors annually.
This document discusses vernacular architecture, including:
- Vernacular architecture refers to buildings constructed using local resources and traditions to address local needs, as opposed to buildings designed by architects.
- It is influenced by factors like climate, available materials, construction techniques, culture, and more.
- Vernacular architecture can be classified chronologically (tribal, pre-industrial, post-independent, modern), functionally (residential, farm-related, industrial, places of worship) and by settlement (rural vs. urban).
- The process of constructing vernacular buildings typically involves the owner working with a local mason or craftsman to modify standard plans to suit the site, family
Charles Correa was an Indian architect born in 1930. He received his education in India and the United States. Some of his notable works include the Kovalam Beach Resort in Kerala, the Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya in Ahmedabad, and the Kanchenjunga Apartments in Mumbai. Correa's works were influenced by modernism but adapted it to local contexts and vernacular styles. He emphasized principles like incrementality, identity, pluralism, and equity. Correa received many awards over his career and is considered one of India's most important architects.
Sen Kapadia is an Architect, Planner and Educationist, based in Mumbai. He has worked with eminent American Architect Louis Kahn in Philadelphia and the Space Management office in New York.
The document discusses passive solar heating techniques for buildings in cold and cloudy climates. It provides details on:
1) Passive solar heating involves collecting solar energy through south-facing windows, storing it in thermal mass like concrete, and distributing the stored heat through convection and radiation.
2) Regions with cold and cloudy climates experience low winter sunlight, high humidity, and abundant vegetation in summer. Building design aims to maximize solar heat gain and retain internal heat.
3) Case studies demonstrate vernacular architecture techniques like those used in Koti Banal buildings, and a modern office building in Shimla that incorporates passive solar features such as a sunspace, thermal mass, and double glazing.
HERITAGE- It is not only about built heritage but includes certain distinctive open areas, neighborhoods, and environs
which are of historical, aesthetic,
cultural or sociological interest and
value which we would like to preserve
for the posterity as they enrich our
history and traditions.Heritage characteristics to be
preserved or conserved are
identified as elevational features,
floor heights, cornices, special
carvings designs, motifs,
architectural style, roof-scape
etc.
Conserving and preserving the
Heritage of our historical possession
in its pristine and original form, so
that it continues to portray its original
beauty, distinctive character, unique
style or use or association with a
distinctive historical personality or
event
Case Study : Art and craft exhibition complex omplexAvi Shiplu
The document provides information on the Matsumoto Performing Arts Centre designed by architect Toyo Ito. Key details include:
- The project site was unusually shaped, stretching north to south. Ito placed the stage facing north to avoid turning the back of the building to the residential area south of the site.
- The centre contains one large hall seating 1800 and one small hall seating 240 for local events.
- Circulation spaces like the lobby allow the narrow site shape to be forgotten. Rehearsal rooms are located on the fifth floor above the rear stage and lobby.
- Findings note the double height entrance space, linear circulation patterns, emphasis on scale and proportion between spaces, and use
Several factors influenced traditional house forms, including climate, materials, technology, culture and site conditions. While climate initially drove early shelters, culture became more influential over time as societies evolved. Houses came to symbolize cultural practices and beliefs, with spaces organized according to social hierarchies and religious symbols incorporated. Site constraints like flooding or earthquakes also directly shaped house designs in some areas. Overall, houses reflected and reinforced the collective understanding and identity of their communities.
The document provides an overview of vernacular architecture in India. It discusses that vernacular architecture is native and uses local materials, craftsmanship and technology suited for the climate. India has diverse climatic zones and each region developed distinct vernacular styles using local resources responsive to the climate and culture. Examples of vernacular building types from different regions are given along with their features adapted for ventilation, lighting and thermal comfort through passive design. The conclusion emphasizes that studying vernacular architecture can provide lessons for sustainable design that blends traditional wisdom with modern technology.
Vivek Kumar Rai is proposing a design for a Cultural Heritage and Interpretation Centre in Varanasi, India. The centre would help preserve Varanasi's rich cultural heritage and promote understanding of the city's history and mythology among visitors and locals. It would be located near the historic site of Sarnath, which receives many tourists annually and would house administrative offices, cultural spaces like an auditorium and prayer halls, interpretation areas like exhibitions and a library, and other amenities. Rai will analyze the site conditions and context, research requirements and case studies, and develop a conceptual design that considers the urban landscape and its surroundings.
vernacular architecture in context to Climate ChangeJanmejoy Gupta
The document discusses vernacular architecture and its importance for climate-responsive design. It explores examples of vernacular architecture from regions of India like Kerala and Kutch. Key determinants of vernacular design identified are climate, locally available materials, construction techniques, and socio-cultural influences. Lessons from traditional structures like use of thermal mass, ventilation, shading and passive cooling principles need to be understood and incorporated in modern construction to fight climate change.
Pondicherry had been passed on to multiple colonial powers of Dutch, Portuguese, English, but predominantly French. Even now there's a huge French influence in Pondicherry, now a Union Territory of India.
Kanvinde was an influential Indian architect known for introducing modernism and functionalism to architecture in India. He studied under Walter Gropius at Harvard and brought the Bauhaus style to his works. The document discusses Kanvinde's role in developing modern Indian architecture and provides details on his design of IIT Kanpur in the 1950s-60s. Key aspects of the IIT Kanpur design included separating functions into distinct masses arranged for interior functionality and exterior elegance, as well as emphasizing natural light, pedestrian accessibility, and landscaped outdoor spaces.
1. The document outlines an undergraduate thesis proposal for a Cultural Heritage and Interpretation Centre in Varanasi, India.
2. The proposed project aims to develop a design for the centre to promote and educate visitors about Varanasi's rich cultural heritage and traditions.
3. The site selected is near the historic Sarnath area, which receives many tourists and pilgrims, in order to take advantage of its context and accessibility.
This document summarizes the key considerations for architecture in warm and humid climates. It discusses that high temperatures and humidity require cross ventilation, shading, and other strategies. Some of Geoffrey Bawa's architectural approaches are then highlighted, including central courtyards to promote air flow, orientation for natural ventilation, use of stone and pitched roofs, sill heights above eye level, and raising structures on plinths. His Sri Lankan Parliament building is provided as an example of his work applying these principles.
casestudy on conservation of historic township (leh)laxmi basnet
The document discusses conservation of historic townships in Nepal. It defines conservation as action taken to prolong the life and integrity of built heritage. Conservation helps develop expertise and learn about construction typology and materials over time. Some key points:
- Historic structures are important parts of cultural heritage that deteriorate without maintenance. Conservation aims to respect past cultures and prevent decay.
- Values that determine what needs conservation include emotional, architectural, aesthetic, archaeological, socio-economic, political and spiritual values.
- The methodology of conservation includes inventorying, inspecting, and documenting buildings before appropriate interventions like preservation, restoration or reconstruction.
- Degrees of intervention range from prevention of deterioration to conjectural restoration, with the
Case study hastha shilpa heritage villagemichellesahay
The document discusses the Manipal Heritage Village project which aims to restore and conserve centuries-old architectural structures from across Karnataka. Over the last decade, the project has relocated 26 structures representing different architectural styles and craftsmanship. The village showcases the influence of culture, rulers, socio-economic status and religious practices on building design. It vividly recreates past villages and is located near Manipal lake, covering 6 acres.
The document discusses traditional earth construction techniques that have been used for over 9,000 years around the world, outlines different types of soils used for construction, and examines contemporary innovations that can help optimize earth as a building material and make it more viable for modern architecture. It explores how studying traditional methods and addressing issues like shrinkage can help earth construction be better utilized today through improved designs, materials, and techniques.
The Al-Bahr Towers in Abu Dhabi feature a dynamic facade inspired by traditional Islamic mashrabiya wood lattice screens. The facade is made up of 2,000 umbrella-like transparent components on each tower that open and close in response to the sun's movement to reduce solar gain and glare. This dynamic shading system provides up to 50% reduction in solar heat gain and lowers energy consumption and carbon emissions. The towers were designed by Aedas Architects to achieve high environmental performance through passive design strategies like the innovative adaptive facade.
Joseph Allen Stein was an American architect who worked extensively in India from 1952 until his death in 2001. He is renowned for designing several important buildings in India in a modern regionalist style that incorporated local materials and drew from Indian architectural traditions. Some of his most notable works include the India International Center, India Habitat Center, Triveni Kala Sangam arts center, and buildings at the Lodhi Estate in Delhi.
Srirangam is an island town in Tamil Nadu, India with a population of over 2 million people. It is home to the Srirangam Temple complex which covers an area of 6.79 million square feet and has 21 towers, making it the largest functioning Hindu temple in the world. The town developed around the temple, with residential areas arranged in concentric circles based on caste. The temple remains the economic and cultural center of Srirangam, drawing over 7 million visitors annually.
This document discusses vernacular architecture, including:
- Vernacular architecture refers to buildings constructed using local resources and traditions to address local needs, as opposed to buildings designed by architects.
- It is influenced by factors like climate, available materials, construction techniques, culture, and more.
- Vernacular architecture can be classified chronologically (tribal, pre-industrial, post-independent, modern), functionally (residential, farm-related, industrial, places of worship) and by settlement (rural vs. urban).
- The process of constructing vernacular buildings typically involves the owner working with a local mason or craftsman to modify standard plans to suit the site, family
Charles Correa was an Indian architect born in 1930. He received his education in India and the United States. Some of his notable works include the Kovalam Beach Resort in Kerala, the Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya in Ahmedabad, and the Kanchenjunga Apartments in Mumbai. Correa's works were influenced by modernism but adapted it to local contexts and vernacular styles. He emphasized principles like incrementality, identity, pluralism, and equity. Correa received many awards over his career and is considered one of India's most important architects.
Sen Kapadia is an Architect, Planner and Educationist, based in Mumbai. He has worked with eminent American Architect Louis Kahn in Philadelphia and the Space Management office in New York.
The document discusses passive solar heating techniques for buildings in cold and cloudy climates. It provides details on:
1) Passive solar heating involves collecting solar energy through south-facing windows, storing it in thermal mass like concrete, and distributing the stored heat through convection and radiation.
2) Regions with cold and cloudy climates experience low winter sunlight, high humidity, and abundant vegetation in summer. Building design aims to maximize solar heat gain and retain internal heat.
3) Case studies demonstrate vernacular architecture techniques like those used in Koti Banal buildings, and a modern office building in Shimla that incorporates passive solar features such as a sunspace, thermal mass, and double glazing.
The VVIP Circuit House in Pune, India was designed in 2014 to accommodate government officials and visitors. It covers an area of 10540 square meters and was designed using contemporary vernacular architecture. Key green features include passive cooling strategies like natural ventilation, a central shaded courtyard, and climate-responsive building materials and envelopes to reduce energy usage. The building aims to seamlessly integrate with the surrounding landscape and golf course while maintaining ecological harmony.
The document describes building design techniques for hot, dry climates. It discusses traditional courtyard houses with surrounding rooms that enclose an outdoor space for shade. Wind towers called "badgirs" are also described, which capture cooler winds at the top and distribute air through enclosed rooms. Different types of walls and roofs that provide thermal insulation and reflect solar radiation are outlined, such as cavity walls, radiant barriers, and double-skinned designs with ventilated layers.
The document discusses two case studies of buildings designed for climate responsiveness:
1. The Bidani House in Faridabad, India, which uses a courtyard design, buffer spaces, and local stone construction to provide thermal comfort year-round in the region's variable climate.
2. The PEDA Building in Chandigarh, India, which uses overlapping floors, cutouts for ventilation, integrated solar panels, and a central wind tower to passively condition the large interior space and provide daylighting.
Both projects demonstrate passive design strategies for responding to local climates through building form, materials, and natural ventilation techniques.
Pakistan Vernacular Architecture, Department of Architecture, Guru Nanak Dev ...RamneekSinghSlaich
Vernacular architecture of Punjab province of pak. One of the forgotten forms of architecture in Asia is the vernacular architecture which is best suitable for the survival of human mankind in all forms of climate and weather.
There is ample work being done in energy, but it is rather disjointed.
Being an agrarian economy Pakistan consumes proportionately, a very high
amount of energy in its residential sector. There is, therefore, enough reason on
the part of policymakers to provide directions concerning utilization of
the energy at all stages (design, construction, and occupancy)
This document is a dissertation report submitted by Anvita Jain to Ar. Meenakshi Singh and under the guidance of Ar. Purvee Sharma at the School of Architecture, IPS Academy in Indore, India in September 2013-2014. The report discusses the passive cooling techniques used in Mughal architecture in North India. It describes the composite climate of North India and how the Mughals used elements like courtyards, thick walls, domes and vaulted ceilings, shading, evaporative cooling, natural ventilation and vernacular features to moderate the microclimate and passively cool indoor spaces without mechanical devices.
Jama Masjid is a historic mosque located in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. It is situated on the highest point of the rocky ridge of Bhadra Fort. When constructed, it was the largest mosque in India. The architectural design features three entrances and a blend of Hindu and Muslim styles. The central courtyard is rectangular and lined by colonnades on three sides. The prayer hall occupies the fourth side and has 260 columns, 15 domes, and is ornately decorated with white marble flooring. The domes are carved in unique shapes inspired by Jain temple designs. The mosque was constructed using yellow sandstone and white marble.
leh ladkh SUSTAINBLE HILL ARCHITECTURE BUILDING CASE STUDYgoreshsaini
The document discusses sustainable architecture in Ladakh, a high altitude region in India. It begins by introducing Ladakh's harsh climate and how its residents have historically harnessed solar energy through traditional architecture using passive climate control techniques. It then outlines the environmental, economic, and social benefits of sustainable construction. The document examines Ladakh's vernacular architecture, which relies on local materials and building techniques adapted to the terrain and climate. It provides details on common construction methods using stone, timber, and sun-dried bricks. The document analyzes two case studies, a solar-powered school and Leh Palace, that demonstrate Ladakh's sustainable architectural principles. It concludes that Ladakh has developed an evolved understanding of controlling climate through ver
The Passive Solar of Yazd: Reflections and Performance Evaluation after 10 Ye...drboon
Yazd, a desert city located in the center of Iran has very long and fantastic history of coordination with nature to cope with very harsh climate of the region. Two, three or four sided traditional courtyard houses considered as the best prototype of sustainable architecture, which few follow logically. This paper presents traditional concepts using a passive solar house designed and built by present author in 2001. The research evaluated the family reactions, positive and negative aspects and performance features of the house under the concept of "post occupancy evaluation". The results indicated that family likes and dislikes are about the negative feeling of the cool draft in the sitting area, good lighting and views, some acoustical problems and positive feeling of cool air from the cold sunken courtyard. In general, the positive reflections of the family were much more than negative aspects.
Case study climatology (india habitat centre & peda)Chandan kumar
This document provides case studies of two buildings in India that were designed with climate considerations in mind.
The first case study is of the India Habitat Centre in Delhi, designed by architect Joseph Stein. It acts as a cultural hub and Stein designed it to promote sustainable design. It provides various facilities like offices, libraries, galleries, and event spaces. Its design incorporates features to address Delhi's composite climate like maximizing daylight and natural ventilation.
The second case study is the Punjab Energy Development Agency (PEDA) office complex in Chandigarh, designed by Arvind Krishan and Kunal Jain. It is a solar passive building that uses strategies like orientation, an insulated envelope, light shelves,
Floating houses are constructed using durable materials in factories to avoid moisture issues. They are assembled from large elements or modules and placed onto pontoons before being floated to their final location. This allows construction to occur away from the site with less environmental impact. Pontoons are made of steel and filled with EPS for buoyancy and stability even in windy conditions. The houses are then anchored securely to withstand local conditions like waves and ice.
The document describes the Druk White Lotus School located in Shey, Ladakh, India. It was designed by architect Jonathan Rose to be sustainable and effective in Ladakh's extreme climate. Key features include passive solar heating through optimal orientation, trombe walls, and glazed solar facades. The school also uses photovoltaic panels, VIP latrines, and seismic-safe designs to operate independently on solar energy and manage waste sustainably. The project combines traditional Ladakhi building techniques like stone walls and mud construction with modern environmental technologies.
The document describes the Druk White Lotus School located in Shey, Ladakh, India. It was designed by architect Jonathan Rose to be sustainable and effective in Ladakh's extreme climate. Key features include passive solar heating through optimal orientation, trombe walls, and glazed solar facades. The school also uses photovoltaic panels, VIP latrines, and seismic-safe designs to operate independently on solar energy and manage waste sustainably. The project combines traditional Ladakhi building techniques like stone walls and mud construction with modern environmental technologies.
The document discusses the major climatic zones in India and the typical passive design strategies used in architecture for each zone. It divides India into five climatic zones: hot and dry, hot and humid, cold, moderate, and composite. For each zone, it provides details on common building materials, orientations, ventilation techniques, and other passive design features traditionally used to respond to the local climate and maximize occupant comfort.
This document discusses passive cooling strategies that can be used in Dubai to reduce energy consumption in buildings and move towards more sustainable practices. It outlines how traditional Arabic architecture effectively used passive design through elements like wind towers, courtyards, and shading. Modern Dubai has moved towards glass tower designs that increase cooling loads. The document examines the Madinat Jumeirah resort as a case study that successfully incorporated passive strategies like wind towers, courtyards, shading, and vegetation to reduce the need for mechanical cooling. It concludes that integrating passive design principles with architecture and mechanical systems can significantly reduce energy use in Dubai's hot climate.
The document discusses various architectural strategies for hot and dry climates. It provides examples of traditional and vernacular architecture from different regions that effectively address the climate through passive design. Some key strategies mentioned include using thick, insulated walls; limiting window openings; orienting buildings around central courtyards to promote cross ventilation; employing overhangs, pergolas and vegetation for shading; and designing roofs to slope towards courtyards to drain heat. Case studies examined include the traditional Bungha house from India and the modern Parekh House designed by Charles Correa.
High performance building for cold climateKrishna Jhawar
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Learnings from Traditional Architecture, and it's Importance & Relevance in the Modern/ Contemporary World
1. Learnings from Traditional
Architecture, and it's
Importance & Relevance in the
Modern/ Contemporary World
Submitted to - proff. Parmeet Singh Bhatt
Submitted by - Prerna Chouhan
02.12.2020
2. • Nowadays, the knowledge of building ecology focuses on its capacity to environmental and
climatic parameters into design and thus enhances space qualities such as comfort ability.
• Traditional architecture is perceived sustainable for having sustainable features.
• It is able to response to environmental problems from a long period.
• Its features are based on climatic factors as well as local construction materials of climatic regions
and natural cooling/heating systems are one of the feature.
02.12.2020
3. Natural cooling systems in
sustainable traditional architecture
of Iran
Windcatchers image -
David
Goran_https://www.thevintagenews.com/2016/1
0/13/windcatchers-natural-cooling-systems-in-
traditional-iranian-architecture/
02.12.2020
4. • There are various natural cooling systems in traditional architecture of Iran Like: Showdan,
Khishkhan, Shabestan, Hozkhaneh and Badgir or windcatcher.
• Wind tower is an architectural element in traditional architecture of Iran.
• That is seen in hot climates, hot & dry and hot humid. It makes available auditable natural
ventilation which is known as an important principle for conserving energy.
• Traditional building techniques are normally well adapted to the climate and we can use
them with new technology.
• F. Soflaee and M. Shokouhian_International Conference “Passive and Low Energy Cooling for the Built Environment”, May 2005, Santorini,
Greece
02.12.2020
5. CLIMATE OF IRAN
• Microclimates have effected on urban
planning and architecture. In a vast country
such as Iran.
• With different climatic zones, traditional
builders in the past have presented a series of
logical solutions for human comfort.
• Iran is basically divided into four climatic
regions: Mild – Humid Climate, Cold Climate.
Hot – Mild Climate, Hot – Arid Climate.
Hot-hiumid Climate
• This region lies along a narrow and relatively
lengthy littoral strip of me Persian Gulf coast
the length of which exceeds more than two
thousand (2000) kilometers.
• In terms of climate, the different zones of this
strip are considered as hose with hot and
humid climates. They have rather long
summers and winters with short days.
• Too much humidity of air across the sea coast
and much. Heat of air in hot seasons create a
sweltering weather that develops a very
troublesome living condition.
02.12.2020
6. • Wind Catcher (Badgir)
• Wind Catcher as a name implies are ventilation techniques for natural cooling. They have been
need for centuries in several countries of hot –arid and hot-humid climates, particularly in the
Middle East countries.
• Typical wind catchers consist of a tower and a head projecting above the roof of the building.
• The tower head many have vents on only one side facing the predominant wind direction.
• However, two or four sides of the tower might be open to accommodate wind in all directions.
The tower would be subdivided, respectively, into two or more groups of shafts.
02.12.2020
7. • This subdivision allows air to move separately
up and down the tower at the same time and
provides more surface area in contact with
the air.
• Consequently, the roof – top breeze is drawn
and is diverted to the summer living zone
indoors drawn and is diverted and, vice versa,
the incoming air would be cooled by the mass
of this structure and effect the microclimate
indoors.
Windcatchers near the Amir Chaqmagh Mosque Complex_ reibai
https://www.flickr.com/photos/reibai/6223779438/
02.12.2020
8. • In regions in hot and humid climate in south of Iran ,
the air temperature rises to 20c in summer from time
to time and heat mixed with humidity provide a very
adverse condition Coping with these natural hardships,
people of the regions,however, innovated interesting
courses of actionin heir architectural planning and
urban planning.
• One worthy- of- note expediency is the use of a space
called showadan. This version of space development
consists of a room or rooms that are built 6- 7 meters
lower than ground surface and ground floor.
• These rooms have ratherthe same temperature in all
seasons of year and exceed 25 c to gain access to
showadan, sets of stairs are provided extending from
veranda (Ivan), alcove and room down to court yard.
showadan cutting in Tizno house, showadan cutting in
Marashi house, Dezful Shushtar
02.12.2020
9. • Showadan also has adequately vertical ducts
to produce sufficient light and the illuminating
part of duct is laid on the surface of courtyard.
• These ducts are called Sisara in Shushtar city
and Dozbarreh in Dezfulcity.
• In some showadans a vent hole (roof window,
canal) is used for ventilation. Sometimes
fabricated canals connect the showadans of
neighbouring houses, in particular houses the
family members of which were relative to
those in other houses.
• Showadans were also used as shelters during
wartime.
02.12.2020
introducing
elements of
showadan in
Shushtar
11. Cellar-Shabestan
• In all Iranian vernacular houses shabastan is considered to be the same basement which was
earlier most popular and prevalent. A shabastan now covered the entire surface below ground
floor of the building and then covered only one part of it.
• It has a ceiling about one meter higher than the surface of courtyard and the rest was designed to
position underground. For example, in Tabas city, the summer living part of houses is designed to
face the wind below with no sunshine.
• Single faced louver and against- the wind veranda- in particular against favorable wind- are main
specifications of the housed built in this city one sample of it shows that theintermediate series of
louvers are as curtained for rooms and the two louvers on both sides for cellar (basement).
• The cellar with its small illuminator under veranda takes a dim light. The two louvers (vent holes)
conduct cool air blowing from the North into the cellar and produces good ventilation and cooling
here in very hot summers. What covers the courtyard as grass or plant covering are nothing but
palm shrubs which produce with a pond in the middle of central courtyard a typical micro- climate
with increased humidity and decreased temperature.
02.12.2020
12. One more cooling system mat existed in hot arid
climate is Khish or Khieshkhan that has been
used in Iran from time memorial. It was look a
hut or “Dar Aferin” that was encircled up with
mats, tiles then so that cool air is conducted in
to the room with the wind blow.
02.12.2020
https://www.shutterstock.com/video/search/khishkhan
13. Conclusion
• A structure of compact clusters of courtyard houses in form of dense mass of cells, common
walls, and alleyways were developed to reduce the total exposure surface area to direct solar
radiation received by each house.
• In such structure provision of windows on external walls was not feasible, and elements like:
Showdan,Khishkhan, Shabestan, Hozkhaneh and wind catcher were the best key to facilitate
natural ventilation.
• Traditional architecture in hot – arid and hot-humid climate of Iran, rely on renewable fuels, It
use from solar energy for heating in the winter. Wind energy for cross ventilation and cooling
in the summer.
02.12.2020
14. • Live demonstration of Passive cooling techniques
• Live demonstartion of Use of local materials
• Traditional architecture is important because it maintains our link to the past. It is this link to the
past that keeps us latched to the traditional buildings and styles that can be incorporated into
other building designs.
• Utilizing traditional architecture styles and elements when building provides residents with a
sense of calm and consistency throughout their community without a wild departure from their
traditions and heritage.
• Live demonstration of construction techniques and planning
02.12.2020
15. • The Gagron Fort is surrounded by river Ahu,
river Kali Sindh and a massive conduit or moat.
Kali Sindh is the biggest river flowing in the
Malwa region and joins river Chambal in its
downstream. The rear of the fort is
surrounded by the Mukundara hill & forest of
the Vindhya range. It is one of the rare forts
that is protected by van (forest) & jal (water).
The fort is well known for being built without
a foundation and a construction that takes
support from the hills.
https://www.tripoto.com/india/trips/the-unexplored-
magnificent-jal-durg-gagron-fort-59a92d31ea341
02.12.2020
16. • Janjira fort is a Jal Durg (sea fort) and is one of
a kind. The fort is located near the coastal
village named Murud in the Raigadh district of
Maharashtra.
• It is the only undefeated fort along the
western coast of India, despite Dutch and
English East India Company attacks. It is one
of the strongest marine forts of India.
• Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj _Father of Indian
Navy.
Janjira fort
https://in.pinterest.com/pin/3831578807774518t80/
02.12.2020
17. Trivia: The green cloth on the rock marks the point where Mitthe Shah
alighted from the boat
https://www.tripoto.com/india/trips/the-unexplored-magnificent-jal-
durg-gagron-fort-59a92d31ea341
02.12.2020
18. • Jal durgs traditionaly were made to maintain a
safe habitate and protect residence from
attack by muslims and also to use water
transport
• Now world is heading forward to floating
architecture “aquatecture” to maintain a safe
habitate from rising sea levels
riba_book_aquatecture
02.12.2020
19. • The Marathas in the 18th century had conceived
and raised a truly beautiful and geometric style
of residences, that even today remain the
symbol of Maharashtra's aesthetic architectural
past.
• Wadas, as a form of residential architecture
concept came into existence during the Peshwa
rule in the early 18th century, and its designs
were later adopted into common living spaces in
the region.
• � Wadas are unique, two or three storey
square grid patterned houses created around
courtyards or open spaces that move into levels,
from outside, used to entertain the public, to
inside, their private spaces.
02.12.2020
20. • The Wadas are geometric in structure and
beautifully adorned with ornate wooden doors
at entrances, and small designed windows, large
open doors from courtyards, wooden pillars and
panelling and decorative wall niches.
• Many preserved Wadas are used today as
temples or museums, while a few of these
remain as ancestral homes with families residing
in them. Some famous ones are Shanivar wada,
Dhepe Wada, Nana Wada, Vishrambaug Wada
icons to remember the legendary Marathas.
https://www.instagram.com/ishvaindian/
02.12.2020
22. S+PS Architects_ old windows used to create a window system in
moderen Maharashtra house
02.12.2020
23. • Living in Mumbai, it is impossible to ignore
the informal settlements in the city, and if
looked at closely there are many lessons to be
learnt in frugality, adaptability, multi-tasking,
resourcefulness and ingenuity. A visual
language emerges that is of the found object,
ad-hoc, eclectic, patched and collaged. An
attempt has been made here to apply some of
these lessons without romanticizing or
fetishizing them.
- text by architect of collage house
• Situated on a hill overlooking Mumbai, the
contemporary design still has a traditional
soul; it is arranged around a central courtyard
that provides both natural ventilation, lighting
and privacy.
• On the inside, the two facades made of
salvaged materials is seen in the living and
dining room, creating a harmonious synthesis
of past and present. Some of these recycled
windows are still operable, allowing for cool
breezes to enter the interior space.
• The home's roof has a series of old columns
that have been taken from a demolished 100-
year-old house, as well as solar photovoltaic
panels.
https://www.treehugger.com/collage-house-reuses-old-doors-
windows-sps-architects-4853222
02.12.2020
24. • Haveli architecture is a unique vernacular
architecture form that flourished in the 18th
and 19th century in pre-Partition western
India, particularly in Rajasthan and Gujarat.
• Standing as a symbol of power and prestige,
haveli householders were the noblemen,
landowners or successful merchants.
• What is distinctive about this building
architecturally, spatially as an indigenous
domestic space? The architectural principle
Vastu Vidya defines the dimensions and
orientation of the house, and the direction of
household activities. Moreover, Vastu
connects the individual body to the home,
and the home to the cosmos.
https://www.instagram.com/ishvaindian/
02.12.2020
26. • Stone House, Nokha
• The Stone House is a large villa of 36,000 sq ft in
the Nokha village of Rajasthan on a plot area of
80,000 sq ft.
• Private and public spaces are planned around a
large triple height central atrium with clear
openings on all sides.
• Every room transitions from the large ventilated
central space into a private verandah before
opening onto a lawn.
• Large terraces on the floors above, both semi-
covered or open to sky, establish the visual
continuum between the dwelling and the vast
expanse of the surrounding desert landscape.
https://www.instagram.com/sanjay_puri_architects/
02.12.2020
27. • The spatial planning seamlessly integrates
enclosed, semi-covered and open spaces of
varying volumes to help reduce dependence
on energy consumption.
• At the very onset of the design
conceptualisation, it was agreed to have a
dwelling which is energy-efficient and built on
the traditional principles of passive cooling.
• Taking the cue from the ancient forts of
Rajasthan, thick cavity walls of 20 inches with
insulation filling constitute the external walls
Traditional lattice work and semi-open spaces at the Stone House,
Nokha
Image Credit: Courtesy of Sanjay Puri Architects
02.12.2020
28. • Large vertical natural stone jaali screens reminiscent of old
Rajasthani havelis prove to be an effective screen and a
privacy buffer.
• The screens act as secondary skin to the main building and
not only prove to be formidable during a sandstorm but also
help transform the direct harsh external sunlight into a
dialogue between light and shadows within the living spaces.
• Locally sourced Jodhpur stone constitutes the walls and
screens. Rain water harvesting tanks, recycling plant for water
and solar panels contribute towards making the project self-
sufficient and sustainable.
• The Stone House makes the best possible use of the locally
available materials, and incorporates traditional Indian
principles of passive cooling to render it contextual in
multiple ways.
Overlooking terraces and screens that protect
from sandstorms at the Stone House, Nokha
Image Credit: Courtesy of Sanjay Puri Architects
02.12.2020
29. There is a lot to learn from traditional architecture in forms of :
• Climate responsive architecture
• Passive techniques like wind catchers or courtyards
• Efficient use of local material
• Social aspects - creating spaces for exchange of thought and common activities
• Innovation of shifting from land to other means
02.12.2020
30. • David Goran_https://www.thevintagenews.com/2016/10/13/windcatchers-natural-cooling-systems-in-
traditional-iranian-architecture/
• F. Soflaee and M. Shokouhian_International Conference “Passive and Low Energy Cooling for the Built
Environment”, May 2005, Santorini, Greece
• Windcatchers near the Amir Chaqmagh Mosque Complex_ reibai,
https://www.flickr.com/photos/reibai/6223779438/
• https://www.tripoto.com/india/trips/the-unexplored-magnificent-jal-durg-gagron-fort-59a92d31ea341
• Janjira fort, https://in.pinterest.com/pin/3831578807774518t80/
• https://www.tripoto.com/india/trips/the-unexplored-magnificent-jal-durg-gagron-fort-59a92d31ea341
• riba_book_aquatecture
• https://www.instagram.com/ishvaindian/
• https://www.treehugger.com/collage-house-reuses-old-doors-windows-sps-architects-4853222
• https://www.instagram.com/sanjay_puri_architects/
• https://www.stirworld.com/see-features-context-climate-and-tradition-come-together-in-sanjay-puris-
upcoming-projects
02.12.2020