Principles , Brief history and method of Carbon 12 radiocarbon dating with the help of present amount of Carbon 12 vs Carbon 14 ratio by the help of natural radioactive decay of Carbon 14 isotopes from living organisms .And other advance methods for radio dating AMS with examples and applications in archeological survey and history. Also some of the future potentials and cons of radio carbon dating.
Radiocarbon dating / C-14 Absolute dating methodsPrachya Adhyayan
The radiocarbon dating has changed the face of the archaeological research. It has made a revolutionary impact in the fields of archaeology and Quaternary science. Willard F. Libby developed this method in 1948 as spin-off from atomic research during second world war. Since then, it remains the most widely used dating techniques in modern archaeology.
The study of the past is to understand the human behavioural activities and cultural progress in a sequential order based on tangible and intangible evidences in a given socio-economic-cultural context. The Archaeological data has to be placed in a chronological order to understand this sequential cultural process. For this, various dating methods are being used in the archaeological investigations.
Radiocarbon dating / C-14 Absolute dating methodsPrachya Adhyayan
The radiocarbon dating has changed the face of the archaeological research. It has made a revolutionary impact in the fields of archaeology and Quaternary science. Willard F. Libby developed this method in 1948 as spin-off from atomic research during second world war. Since then, it remains the most widely used dating techniques in modern archaeology.
The study of the past is to understand the human behavioural activities and cultural progress in a sequential order based on tangible and intangible evidences in a given socio-economic-cultural context. The Archaeological data has to be placed in a chronological order to understand this sequential cultural process. For this, various dating methods are being used in the archaeological investigations.
C6.05: New ocean-colour products for the user community - Shubha Sathyendrana...Blue Planet Symposium
The ocean-colour component of the Climate Change Initiative of the European Space Agency has generated a time series of bio-optical products from late 1997 to mid 2012. The products are based on data from SeaWiFS, MODIS-A and MERIS sensors, band shifted (to bring data to a common set of wavebands), corrected for inter-sensor bias, and then merged. Products include remote-sensing reflectances at SeaWiFS wavelengths, chlorophyll concentration, diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm, and inherent optical properties (components of absorption and back-scattering coefficients). Practically all the products have uncertainties (root-mean-square difference and bias) associated with them on a pixel-by-pixel basis, based on validation using in situ data. The first version of the products are available freely at www.oceancolour.org and at www.esa-oceancolour-cci.org. A second version is expected to be released prior to the Blue Planet Symposium in Australia in 2015. Furthermore, plans are underway to add to the product suite through a number of related ESA projects. New products envisaged include primary production, photosynthesis parameters, components of the carbon pool in the ocean and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at the sea surface. User consultation and serving the user community are very much a part of these projects, and the Blue Planet provides a useful forum for reaching users from a variety of backgrounds. The work reported here contribute to components C2 (Sustained Ecosystems and Food Security) and C5 (Ocean Climate and Carbon) of the “Oceans and Society: Blue Planet” initiative of the Group on Earth Observations (GEO).
C6.05: New ocean-colour products for the user community - Shubha Sathyendrana...Blue Planet Symposium
The ocean-colour component of the Climate Change Initiative of the European Space Agency has generated a time series of bio-optical products from late 1997 to mid 2012. The products are based on data from SeaWiFS, MODIS-A and MERIS sensors, band shifted (to bring data to a common set of wavebands), corrected for inter-sensor bias, and then merged. Products include remote-sensing reflectances at SeaWiFS wavelengths, chlorophyll concentration, diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm, and inherent optical properties (components of absorption and back-scattering coefficients). Practically all the products have uncertainties (root-mean-square difference and bias) associated with them on a pixel-by-pixel basis, based on validation using in situ data. The first version of the products are available freely at www.oceancolour.org and at www.esa-oceancolour-cci.org. A second version is expected to be released prior to the Blue Planet Symposium in Australia in 2015. Furthermore, plans are underway to add to the product suite through a number of related ESA projects. New products envisaged include primary production, photosynthesis parameters, components of the carbon pool in the ocean and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at the sea surface. User consultation and serving the user community are very much a part of these projects, and the Blue Planet provides a useful forum for reaching users from a variety of backgrounds. The work reported here contribute to components C2 (Sustained Ecosystems and Food Security) and C5 (Ocean Climate and Carbon) of the “Oceans and Society: Blue Planet” initiative of the Group on Earth Observations (GEO).
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Introduction Radiocarbon Dating and Application.pptx
1. Introduction to
Radiocarbon Dating
Radiocarbon dating, also known as carbon-14 dating, is a widely used
method for determining the age of organic materials. This groundbreaking
technique relies on the decay of carbon-14, a radioactive isotope of
carbon, and has revolutionized archaeological and geological research.
The process involves measuring the amount of carbon-14 present in a
sample and comparing it to the initial amount, allowing scientists to
calculate its age with impressive accuracy. Through radiocarbon dating,
we have gained invaluable insights into the timeline of prehistoric
civilizations, the age of fossils, and the past climate conditions on Earth.
By Anindya Pal , NIT Durgapur ,
2024
2. What is Radiocarbon Dating?
Carbon Isotopes
Radiocarbon dating is a method used
to determine the age of organic
materials based on the decay rate of
carbon isotopes. Specifically, it focuses
on the isotope carbon-14, which is
present in all living organisms and
decays at a consistent rate over time.
Half-Life Principle
At the heart of radiocarbon dating is the
principle of half-life, which allows
scientists to calculate the age of a sample
by measuring the remaining amount of
carbon-14. This principle has
revolutionized the field of archaeology by
providing a reliable way to date ancient
artifacts and analyze past civilizations.
Calibration and Corrections
One of the challenges of radiocarbon
dating is the need for calibration and
corrections to account for fluctuations in
atmospheric carbon-14 levels over time.
Scientists use advanced techniques to
refine and adjust the dating results,
ensuring the accuracy of the final age
estimates.
Applications
Radiocarbon dating has diverse
applications, from determining the age
of historical manuscripts to unraveling
the timelines of human evolution. Its
impact extends to environmental
studies, geology, and climatology,
making it an indispensable tool in
multiple scientific disciplines.
3.
4.
5. How does Radiocarbon Dating works
• Carbon-14 Production: Cosmic
rays strike the Earth's
atmosphere, producing neutrons
that collide with nitrogen atoms,
transforming them into
radioactive carbon-14.
• Decay Process: When an
organism dies, it stops
absorbing carbon, and the
carbon-14 it contains begins to
decay at a known rate.
• Measurement: The decay of carbon-
14 is measured to determine how long
ago the organism died, providing the
basis for radiocarbon dating.
9. Applications of
Radiocarbon Dating
Radiocarbon dating has widespread applications across various fields, with
archaeology being one of the primary areas of use. By determining the age
of organic materials, such as plant remains, wooden artifacts, and human or
animal remains, archaeologists can establish chronologies and understand
the timelines of human civilization and environmental changes.
Furthermore, radiocarbon dating plays a crucial role in the study of historical
monuments, ancient settlements, and artifacts, aiding in the reconstruction
of past societies and cultures. It helps in identifying trade routes, migration
patterns, and technological advancements by providing accurate timeframes
for the materials and sites examined.
Moreover, this method is also employed in disciplines like environmental
science, geology, and biology for tracing the movement of carbon in
ecosystems, determining the age of sediments, and studying ecological
processes over various timescales.
11. Limitations and Uncertainties of
Radiocarbon Dating
1 Sample Contamination
One of the major limitations of radiocarbon dating is the potential for sample
contamination. This can occur from handling, storage, or environmental
factors, which can lead to inaccurate results. Researchers must take great
care to minimize contamination and ensure the accuracy of the date.
2 Calibration Curve Variability
Radiocarbon dates are calibrated using a curve that accounts for changes in
atmospheric carbon-14 levels over time. However, this calibration curve itself
has uncertainties, and variations in the curve can lead to inaccuracies in
dating. This variability must be carefully considered when interpreting
radiocarbon dates.
3 Age Range Limitations
Radiocarbon dating is most effective for samples up to around 50,000 years
old. Beyond this, the amount of carbon-14 remaining is too low to be
accurately measured. This limitation restricts the applicability of radiocarbon
dating for older archaeological or geological samples.
12. Advances in Radiocarbon Dating
Technology
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
(AMS)
One of the significant advances in radiocarbon
dating technology is the development and
widespread application of Accelerator Mass
Spectrometry (AMS). This method allows for
smaller sample sizes and increased precision,
enabling researchers to date much older
samples and obtain more accurate results.
State-of-the-Art Laboratory
Equipment
Newer, more sophisticated laboratory
equipment has revolutionized radiocarbon
dating. The use of advanced technology
and automated processes has drastically
improved the efficiency and accuracy of the
dating process, leading to more reliable
and consistent results.
13. Conclusion: Impact and significance of
Radiocarbon Dating
1 Revolutionizing Archaeology
2 Timeframe Precision
3 Environmental Studies
4 Future
Developments
Radiocarbon dating has revolutionized the field of archaeology, providing invaluable insights
into human history and the evolution of civilizations. Its ability to precisely determine the
timeframe of artifacts, fossils, and ancient materials has fundamentally changed the way we
understand the past. Additionally, radiocarbon dating has significantly contributed to
environmental studies, helping scientists track climate change and environmental shifts over
the centuries. Looking ahead, the ongoing advancements in radiocarbon dating technology
hold immense potential for future developments in archaeological and scientific research,
promising even greater accuracy and detail in dating ancient objects and materials.