Overview of International Livestock Research (ILRI) activities in EthiopiaILRI
Presented by Siboniso Moyo at a Consultative Meeting on Strengthening CGIAR - EARS partnerships for effective agricultural transformation in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 4–5 December 2014
ILRI's strategy focuses on using livestock research to improve food security and reduce poverty in Africa. It has three strategic objectives: 1) develop and promote sustainable, scalable practices that improve lives through livestock; 2) provide scientific evidence to persuade decision-makers to invest more in livestock; and 3) increase stakeholders' capacity to make better use of livestock science and investments. Key research areas include addressing the biomass crisis in intensifying smallholder systems, managing vulnerability and risk in drylands, improving food safety and addressing aflatoxins, advancing vaccine biosciences, and mobilizing biosciences to achieve food security in Africa. ILRI aims to prove livestock's potential, influence investment, and ensure sufficient capacity to effectively use
The document discusses how CGIAR is applying a One Health approach to address COVID-19 and prevent future pandemics through agricultural research. CGIAR is conducting research to understand disease drivers, improve diagnostics and surveillance, strengthen biosecurity, and promote cross-sector collaboration. This includes ILRI repurposing its lab to process COVID-19 tests in Kenya and advising Ethiopia on testing strategies. A One Health approach that considers the interactions between human, animal and environmental health could help reduce disease emergence and save billions by limiting future pandemics according to economic analyses.
Livestock research for Africa’s food security and poverty reductionILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Shirley Tarawali, Iain Wright, Suzanne Bertrand, Polly Ericksen, Delia Grace and Ethel Makila at a side event at the 6th Africa Agriculture Science Week, Accra, Ghana, 15-20 July 2013
This document summarizes an upcoming workshop for a project to establish a Centre for Bee Diseases and Pests in Africa. The project aims to generate knowledge on bee diseases and pests across Africa in order to protect bee colonies, scale up honey production, and support pollination services for crop production. The workshop will bring together stakeholders from participating countries to discuss initial activities, including establishing research facilities in Kenya and four satellite stations in other countries, developing diagnostic tools and management modules, and strengthening capacities of farmers and institutions regarding bee health. The overall goal is to enhance awareness of bee health issues and create an enabling environment for improved control of diseases and pests in Africa.
ILRI in Zambia and sub-Saharan Africa: Food safety, zoonoses and animal healthILRI
Presentation by Theo Knight-Jones at a Zambia Department of Agriculture and Veterinary Services planning workshop on milk testing and certification in Zambia, Monze, Zambia, 18-19 June 2015.
The future of food safety in Africa: Research perspectiveILRI
Keynote presentation by Delia Grace, Silvia Alonso, Kebede Amenu, Elizabeth Cook, Michel Dione, Theo Knight-Jones, Johanna Lindahl, Florence Mutua, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Kristina Roesel and Lian Thomas at the virtual Food Safety Conference for Africa, 10–11 November 2021.
Overview of International Livestock Research (ILRI) activities in EthiopiaILRI
Presented by Siboniso Moyo at a Consultative Meeting on Strengthening CGIAR - EARS partnerships for effective agricultural transformation in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 4–5 December 2014
ILRI's strategy focuses on using livestock research to improve food security and reduce poverty in Africa. It has three strategic objectives: 1) develop and promote sustainable, scalable practices that improve lives through livestock; 2) provide scientific evidence to persuade decision-makers to invest more in livestock; and 3) increase stakeholders' capacity to make better use of livestock science and investments. Key research areas include addressing the biomass crisis in intensifying smallholder systems, managing vulnerability and risk in drylands, improving food safety and addressing aflatoxins, advancing vaccine biosciences, and mobilizing biosciences to achieve food security in Africa. ILRI aims to prove livestock's potential, influence investment, and ensure sufficient capacity to effectively use
The document discusses how CGIAR is applying a One Health approach to address COVID-19 and prevent future pandemics through agricultural research. CGIAR is conducting research to understand disease drivers, improve diagnostics and surveillance, strengthen biosecurity, and promote cross-sector collaboration. This includes ILRI repurposing its lab to process COVID-19 tests in Kenya and advising Ethiopia on testing strategies. A One Health approach that considers the interactions between human, animal and environmental health could help reduce disease emergence and save billions by limiting future pandemics according to economic analyses.
Livestock research for Africa’s food security and poverty reductionILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Shirley Tarawali, Iain Wright, Suzanne Bertrand, Polly Ericksen, Delia Grace and Ethel Makila at a side event at the 6th Africa Agriculture Science Week, Accra, Ghana, 15-20 July 2013
This document summarizes an upcoming workshop for a project to establish a Centre for Bee Diseases and Pests in Africa. The project aims to generate knowledge on bee diseases and pests across Africa in order to protect bee colonies, scale up honey production, and support pollination services for crop production. The workshop will bring together stakeholders from participating countries to discuss initial activities, including establishing research facilities in Kenya and four satellite stations in other countries, developing diagnostic tools and management modules, and strengthening capacities of farmers and institutions regarding bee health. The overall goal is to enhance awareness of bee health issues and create an enabling environment for improved control of diseases and pests in Africa.
ILRI in Zambia and sub-Saharan Africa: Food safety, zoonoses and animal healthILRI
Presentation by Theo Knight-Jones at a Zambia Department of Agriculture and Veterinary Services planning workshop on milk testing and certification in Zambia, Monze, Zambia, 18-19 June 2015.
The future of food safety in Africa: Research perspectiveILRI
Keynote presentation by Delia Grace, Silvia Alonso, Kebede Amenu, Elizabeth Cook, Michel Dione, Theo Knight-Jones, Johanna Lindahl, Florence Mutua, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Kristina Roesel and Lian Thomas at the virtual Food Safety Conference for Africa, 10–11 November 2021.
Better lives through livestock: ILRI in SADC Region ILRI
Presented by Amos Omore and Sikhalazo Dube at the Virtual Food Agriculture and Natural Resources (FANR) / International Cooperating Partner (ICP) Group Meeting on Agriculture and Food Security. Gaborone, Botswana, 7 October 2020.
An integrated approach to assessing and improving meat and milk safety and nu...ILRI
Presentation by Tamsin Dewé, Kristina Roesel, Aklilu Fekele, Getachew Legese and Delia Grace at the First African Regional Conference of the International Association on Ecology and Health (Africa 2013 Ecohealth), Grand-Bassam, Côte d'Ivoire, 1-5 October 2013.
This document summarizes the work of the National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI) in Uganda on livestock research, technology, and innovation related to the dairy value chain. NaLIRRI conducts research in livestock health, nutrition, breeding, and apiculture. Its research focuses on improving animal productivity through technologies like disease-resistant forage varieties, vaccination programs, and cross-breeding indigenous cattle. NaLIRRI also disseminates its research findings to farmers and coordinates with other agencies in the Ministry of Agriculture on priorities like improving dairy cattle genetics and productivity.
How can Animal Biotechnology contribute to Agenda 2063, ST&I Strategy for Afr...ILRI
Animal biotechnology can help achieve development goals in Africa by increasing livestock productivity, improving animal health and resilience, and reducing environmental impacts. Key applications include developing disease-resistant animals, improving feed digestibility and reproduction, and selecting animals that produce less methane. Strengthening partnerships, regulatory systems, and Africa's own innovation capacities will be important to facilitate use of animal biotechnology for sustainable development.
Animal health Product development & adoption Partnership organisation
A not-for-profit Public-Private Partnership – registered charity
Sponsored by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) and with projects funded by BMGF, DFID and EC.
Pro-poor focus: working with key partners to make a sustainable difference in access to animal health products for poor livestock keepers
ILRI’s key programs to address infectious diseases, areas requiring internati...ILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Hu Suk Lee, Edward Okoth, Bernard Bett and Hung Nguyen-Viet at the Global ODA Forum for Sustainable Agricultural Development, Seoul, South Korea, 22 November 2022.
One Health and zoonoses projects at the International Livestock Research Inst...ILRI
Presentation by Theo Knight-Jones at the Capacitating One Health in Eastern and Southern Africa (COHESA) partner orientation workshop, 16 December 2021.
The document provides information about the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). It discusses that CGIAR is a global partnership that was formed in 1971 to reduce poverty and hunger through agricultural research. It is made up of 15 research centers that work with hundreds of partners in agricultural research. The centers work on issues like improving food security, nutrition, health, and sustainable management of natural resources. CGIAR research is guided by a Strategy and Results Framework and implemented through CGIAR Research Programs coordinated by the CGIAR Consortium. The impacts of CGIAR's work include the high-yielding varieties that sparked the Green Revolution and continue to increase global food supplies.
More pork and less parasites: A farm to fork approach for assessment and mana...ILRI
This document provides context and outlines the objectives of Kristina Roesel's PhD thesis on assessing the parasitic burden in the smallholder pig value chain in Uganda. The thesis aims to 1) understand if parasites are perceived as a production constraint by farmers, 2) estimate parasitic burden in pigs at farm, slaughter, and retail levels, 3) identify risk factors for parasitic infections, and 4) assess risks to public health from pork consumption. Preliminary results from farm surveys found worms and mange to be top health issues. The thesis is funded by the Safe Food, Fair Food project and aims to improve pig value chains and reduce health risks from pork-borne parasites in Uganda.
Introducing some ILRI and CGIAR activities in EthiopiaILRI
Presented by Siboniso Moyo, Barbara Wieland, Carlo Fadda (Bioversity International), Simon Langan (IWMI), Andrew Mude and Peter Ballantyne at the SDC visit to the ILRI Ethiopia campus, 16 July 2015
Postharvest Loss Reduction & Mycotoxins programs in USAID’s Feed the Future I...Francois Stepman
The document summarizes USAID's Feed the Future Initiative programs focused on postharvest loss reduction and mycotoxins. It discusses (1) the global challenges of increasing food production 70% by 2050 to address hunger, with 925 million people suffering from chronic hunger; (2) USAID's research agenda through various innovation labs and partnerships focused on improving nutrition and food safety, including mycotoxins and aflatoxins; and (3) key field projects in countries addressing aflatoxin contamination through biocontrol and policy programs.
ILRI in East and Southeast Asia: Summary of current profile and emerging prio...ILRI
Presented by Steve Staal at the Stakeholder Consultation on the ILRI Strategy 2013-2022: Implications for East and Southeast Asia, Bangkok, 31 May 2013
Zoonoses and food safety related activities in APHCA member statesILRI
Presented by Jeff Gilbert at the joint Animal Production and Health Commission for Asia and the Pacific (APHCA) - World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) regional workshop on zoonoses, food-borne diseases and antimicrobial resistance, Thimphu, Bhutan, 24-25 September 2013.
Presented by Barbara Wieland at the First Joint International Conference of the Association of Institutions for Tropical Veterinary Medicine (AITVM) and the Society of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, 4-8 September 2016
Presented by Delia Grace, Erastus Kang'ethe, Bassirou Bonfoh, Kristina Roesel and Kohei Makita at the 4th annual Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health (LCIRAH) conference, London, UK, 3-4 June 2014.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
Mais conteúdo relacionado
Semelhante a International Livestock Research Institute: Our work, what I do, opportunities
Better lives through livestock: ILRI in SADC Region ILRI
Presented by Amos Omore and Sikhalazo Dube at the Virtual Food Agriculture and Natural Resources (FANR) / International Cooperating Partner (ICP) Group Meeting on Agriculture and Food Security. Gaborone, Botswana, 7 October 2020.
An integrated approach to assessing and improving meat and milk safety and nu...ILRI
Presentation by Tamsin Dewé, Kristina Roesel, Aklilu Fekele, Getachew Legese and Delia Grace at the First African Regional Conference of the International Association on Ecology and Health (Africa 2013 Ecohealth), Grand-Bassam, Côte d'Ivoire, 1-5 October 2013.
This document summarizes the work of the National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI) in Uganda on livestock research, technology, and innovation related to the dairy value chain. NaLIRRI conducts research in livestock health, nutrition, breeding, and apiculture. Its research focuses on improving animal productivity through technologies like disease-resistant forage varieties, vaccination programs, and cross-breeding indigenous cattle. NaLIRRI also disseminates its research findings to farmers and coordinates with other agencies in the Ministry of Agriculture on priorities like improving dairy cattle genetics and productivity.
How can Animal Biotechnology contribute to Agenda 2063, ST&I Strategy for Afr...ILRI
Animal biotechnology can help achieve development goals in Africa by increasing livestock productivity, improving animal health and resilience, and reducing environmental impacts. Key applications include developing disease-resistant animals, improving feed digestibility and reproduction, and selecting animals that produce less methane. Strengthening partnerships, regulatory systems, and Africa's own innovation capacities will be important to facilitate use of animal biotechnology for sustainable development.
Animal health Product development & adoption Partnership organisation
A not-for-profit Public-Private Partnership – registered charity
Sponsored by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) and with projects funded by BMGF, DFID and EC.
Pro-poor focus: working with key partners to make a sustainable difference in access to animal health products for poor livestock keepers
ILRI’s key programs to address infectious diseases, areas requiring internati...ILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Hu Suk Lee, Edward Okoth, Bernard Bett and Hung Nguyen-Viet at the Global ODA Forum for Sustainable Agricultural Development, Seoul, South Korea, 22 November 2022.
One Health and zoonoses projects at the International Livestock Research Inst...ILRI
Presentation by Theo Knight-Jones at the Capacitating One Health in Eastern and Southern Africa (COHESA) partner orientation workshop, 16 December 2021.
The document provides information about the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). It discusses that CGIAR is a global partnership that was formed in 1971 to reduce poverty and hunger through agricultural research. It is made up of 15 research centers that work with hundreds of partners in agricultural research. The centers work on issues like improving food security, nutrition, health, and sustainable management of natural resources. CGIAR research is guided by a Strategy and Results Framework and implemented through CGIAR Research Programs coordinated by the CGIAR Consortium. The impacts of CGIAR's work include the high-yielding varieties that sparked the Green Revolution and continue to increase global food supplies.
More pork and less parasites: A farm to fork approach for assessment and mana...ILRI
This document provides context and outlines the objectives of Kristina Roesel's PhD thesis on assessing the parasitic burden in the smallholder pig value chain in Uganda. The thesis aims to 1) understand if parasites are perceived as a production constraint by farmers, 2) estimate parasitic burden in pigs at farm, slaughter, and retail levels, 3) identify risk factors for parasitic infections, and 4) assess risks to public health from pork consumption. Preliminary results from farm surveys found worms and mange to be top health issues. The thesis is funded by the Safe Food, Fair Food project and aims to improve pig value chains and reduce health risks from pork-borne parasites in Uganda.
Introducing some ILRI and CGIAR activities in EthiopiaILRI
Presented by Siboniso Moyo, Barbara Wieland, Carlo Fadda (Bioversity International), Simon Langan (IWMI), Andrew Mude and Peter Ballantyne at the SDC visit to the ILRI Ethiopia campus, 16 July 2015
Postharvest Loss Reduction & Mycotoxins programs in USAID’s Feed the Future I...Francois Stepman
The document summarizes USAID's Feed the Future Initiative programs focused on postharvest loss reduction and mycotoxins. It discusses (1) the global challenges of increasing food production 70% by 2050 to address hunger, with 925 million people suffering from chronic hunger; (2) USAID's research agenda through various innovation labs and partnerships focused on improving nutrition and food safety, including mycotoxins and aflatoxins; and (3) key field projects in countries addressing aflatoxin contamination through biocontrol and policy programs.
ILRI in East and Southeast Asia: Summary of current profile and emerging prio...ILRI
Presented by Steve Staal at the Stakeholder Consultation on the ILRI Strategy 2013-2022: Implications for East and Southeast Asia, Bangkok, 31 May 2013
Zoonoses and food safety related activities in APHCA member statesILRI
Presented by Jeff Gilbert at the joint Animal Production and Health Commission for Asia and the Pacific (APHCA) - World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) regional workshop on zoonoses, food-borne diseases and antimicrobial resistance, Thimphu, Bhutan, 24-25 September 2013.
Presented by Barbara Wieland at the First Joint International Conference of the Association of Institutions for Tropical Veterinary Medicine (AITVM) and the Society of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, 4-8 September 2016
Presented by Delia Grace, Erastus Kang'ethe, Bassirou Bonfoh, Kristina Roesel and Kohei Makita at the 4th annual Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health (LCIRAH) conference, London, UK, 3-4 June 2014.
Semelhante a International Livestock Research Institute: Our work, what I do, opportunities (20)
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Preventing the next pandemic: a 12-slide primer on emerging zoonotic diseasesILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Preventing preventable diseases: a 12-slide primer on foodborne diseaseILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Preventing a post-antibiotic era: a 12-slide primer on antimicrobial resistanceILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
The Food Safety Working Group (FSWG) in Vietnam was created in 2015 at the request of the Deputy Prime Minister to address food safety issues in the country. It brings together government agencies, ministries, and development partners to facilitate joint policy dialogue and improve food safety. Over eight years of operations led by different organizations, the FSWG has contributed to various initiatives. However, it faces challenges of diminished government participation over time and dependence on active members. Going forward, it will strengthen its operations by integrating under Vietnam's One Health Partnership framework to better engage stakeholders and achieve policy impacts.
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
A gentle push towards improved hygiene and food safety through ‘nudge’ interv...ILRI
Poster by Kristina Roesel, Steven Kakooza, Memory Chirwa, Denis Mugizi, Joshua Waiswa, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Dorothée Étienne, Imara Roychowdhury, Lillian Diaz and Elizabeth Cook presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...Sérgio Sacani
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
PPT on Sustainable Land Management presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark UniverseSérgio Sacani
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...Sérgio Sacani
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
International Livestock Research Institute: Our work, what I do, opportunities
1. Better lives through livestock
International Livestock Research Institute:
Our work, what I do, opportunities
Theo Knight-Jones
Principal scientist
Animal and Human Health program, International Livestock Research Institute
Invited lecture at the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nottingham
Nottingham, United Kingdom, 15 August 2023
2. ILRI strategy
ILRI strategic objectives
• …develop, test, adapt and promote science-based
practices….
• …provide compelling scientific evidence…
• …increase capacity amongst ILRI’s key stakeholders
WHAT ILRI
delivers
ILRI’s mission is to improve food and nutritional security
and to reduce poverty in developing countries through
research for efficient, safe and sustainable use of
livestock — ensuring better lives through livestock
WHY ILRI
exists
3. ILRI HQ Kenya and Ethiopia
Offices in 8 other countries in
Africa (Burkina Faso, Burundi,
Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania,
Uganda and Zimbabwe); 4
countries in Asia (China, India,
Nepal and Vietnam).
600 permanent staff
$100m annual budget
ILRI offices and
staff worldwide
4. ILRI is part of CGIAR: a global research partnership for a food-secure
future, transforming food, land, and water systems in a climate crisis.
15 Research centres in over 70 countries
5. ILRI’s livestock research: solutions for food and nutritional
security, poverty, environmental and human health
Mitigating climate change, enhancing
resilience and increasing livestock
productivity
Sustainable Livestock Systems
Taking livestock solutions to scale for
inclusive development
Impact at Scale
Delivering solutions for livestock, zoonotic
and foodborne diseases
Animal and Human Health
Efficient livestock production driving
inclusive growth and employment
Policies, Institutions & Livelihoods
(including gender)
Improving genetics for better productivity
and profitability
Livestock Genetics
Better nutrition for improved animal
productivity
Feed and Forage Development
Capacity development; communications; knowledge management
6. Nairobi Campus
• Biosciences for Africa
• Animal Research Facilities:
• Biological Safety Level 2+ animal containment facility
• Biological Safety Level 3 labs
• High end biosciences facilities for CGIAR researchers
and NARS
• Mazingira (environmental) research centre
• First accurate verifiable greenhouse gas emission
parameters for crops, livestock and land-use changes in
Africa
• One Health Centre in Africa
• Improving the health of humans, animals and
ecosystems
• Capacity building
• Strengthening local, regional and global networks
• Evidence-based policy advice
• CGIAR Antimicrobial Resistance Hub
• Evidence linking antimicrobial resistance in agriculture
and public health outcomes
• Development of locally relevant and applicable
evidence-based interventions
• CGIAR GENDER Impact Platform
• At CG level, synthesize and amplify gender research
• Fill evidence gaps in gender research
• Set directions to enable impact on gender inequities
7. 7
ILRI’s Kapiti Research Station and
Wildlife Conservancy
• Run as a livestock research station,
commercial livestock ranch (since 1980s) and
wildlife conservancy (since 2020)
• 13,000 hectares (32,000 acres or 150 km²)
• 85km East of Nairobi in Machakos County
• Semi-arid lands
• Thousands of wildlife species including
various species of carnivores and herbivores
as well as birds and reptiles
9. Who am I?
- Local boy
- Became a vet
- Became a veterinary epidemiologist
- Became a specialist – DipECVPH, PhD
- Increasingly working overseas
- Expert in Transboundary Animal Diseases
- Chief Vet for Jersey
- Now…
10. Now…
- Principal Scientist – Team Leader – Animal and Human Health Programme
- The International Livestock Research Institute, CGIAR
- Reducing poverty, enhancing food and nutrition security, and improving natural resources and
ecosystem services
- >$100million annual budget
- Based in Tanzania but working across Africa
11. My Research
- Principal Scientist – Team Leader – Animal and Human Health Programme
- Lead team of 30 staff as well as PhD and MSc students
- $4million annual budget
- Research focus:
- Food systems and food safety
- Herd Health and welfare
- One Health – balancing the health of humans, animals and ecosystems
12. Expertise, teaching, publications
- Expertise
- Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Economics
- UN FAO/Global Steering Committee Meeting of the GF-TADs – and FMD, PPR
- Editor for Transboundary and Emerging Disease IF – 5
- Wrote FMD, PPR and Influenza strategies for Southern Africa
- Background:
- Royal Veterinary College
- The Pirbright Institute
- FAO
13. Urban food markets in Africa: Incentivizing food safety using a Pull-Push approach
$4.7million - 2019-2023
Pull-Push
Understand risks and practices:
• Value chain assessments – Retailer KAPs surveys
• Burkina – chicken value chain has many problems
• Ethiopia – variable meat consumption – special
occasions only
• Microbial hazards are critical – but consumers
worried about chemicals
• Microbial and pesticide surveys
• 65% pesticide contaminated 1/3 with
DDT – 1/5 > international limits
• QMRA – Burden of disease studies
Interventions: Develop and trial
• Regulator training – Online course
• RCT of restaurant hygiene package
• Pilot improved tomato packaging
• Consumer awareness campaign
14. 14
Harness consumer demand to drive safer food up the value chain
Create food safety
awareness
Increase capacity to
provide safer food
Receive reduced price for low
hygiene products, or have
unsold stock
Increased consumer preference for hygienic products –
better price or bigger market share for safer products
Source better quality suppliers
Value chain oversight: Capacitate
food safety regulators
15. 15
Chicken consumption in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
FARM
TRANSPORT
MARKET
SLAB SLAUGHTER
Carcass:
50% Salmonella
70% Campy
Wash water:
100% Salmonella
(Kagambega, 2018)
High poultry consumption in Burkina Faso - 8kg poultry meat
consumed per year per person-higher in Ouaga
Low consumption in Ethiopia 0.66kg per person/year
(UK 50kg, East Africa average 1.64kg) (FAO, 2019)
25% of outlets report rats
contact food preparation
surfaces
40% cats
Yet little cleaning is done
Poor hygiene, husbandry and animal health brings production loss, food safety
risks and poor welfare (8% mortality in transport and markets)
FBD caused by NTS, CAMP and ETEC USD391million - 3% of gross national
income - half burden falls on children under 5yrs
16. Consumer food safety awareness campaign
• Example Burkina Faso – Implemented by advertising agency – 9 months
• Campaign goals
• To empower consumers in Ouagadougou make safe choices regarding choosing chicken for out-
of-home and home consumption
• Key approach: emphasize with a positive message that there is a safe choice available that
reduces foodborne diseases in their family
• TV and radio adverts
• 30 billboards around city
• Facebook capsules by an influencer “Moussa Petit Sergent” >1.4m views and climbing
Before (n=1103) –After (n=765) evaluation - Ethiopia
• Most consumers recalled campaign
• Consumer food safety knowledge improved
• Some improvements in purchasing safe, quality tomatoes
• Consumers report better food hygiene practices at home
• Analysis ongoing
17. ILRI – Herd Health
Failings in animal health pose a massive constraint to livelihoods in LMICs
Tested approaches for
sustainable delivery of
animal health
Measures of
livestock disease
burden
Approaches to improved
animal welfare and
environments
Tech tools for
health
management
Evaluation &
guidance for
vaccination
programmes
Our Projects:
1. Eco-PPR - Epidemiology and control of peste des
petits ruminants in East and West Africa
2. ELE: Evaluation of Livestock Emergencies –
Vaccination and Disease Surveillance
3. GBADs: Global burden of animal diseases
4. HEARD - Health of Ethiopian Animals for Rural
Development
5. POLOH - Poultry Losses and One Health
6. SAWA: Synergies of animal welfare and agroforestry to
benefit farming systems in Ethiopia
7. SAPLING: Sustainable Animal Productivity for
Livelihoods, Nutrition and Gender Inclusion
8. SEFASI: Selecting efficient farm-level antimicrobial
stewardship interventions from a One Health
perspective
Burkina Faso Ethiopia
Kenya Mali
Nepal Senegal
Tanzania Uganda
Vietnam
Where we work
18. Health of Ethiopian Animals for Rural Development (HEARD)
• Poor access to animal health services
• Example: Only 4.5% of households access private vet
• Issues:
• Animal health is largely delivered by public sector
• Veterinary profession is young and poorly institutionalized (1st vet school 1979)
• Solutions delivered in HEARD
• Pilot animal health service delivery through Public-Private Partnerships
19. PPP ACTIVITY
Models Region Services
Model I (private vaccination service) Amhara,
Oromia
Vax: Rabies, Anthrax, Black leg, O. & B.
Pasteurellosis
Model II (SANITARY MANDATE WITH DISTRICT
PRIVATE SECTOR)
Somali Vax: Camel pox, O. Pasteurellosis
Model III (SANITARY MANDATE WITH LINKED
REGIONAL-WOREDA-KEBELE PRIVATE SECTOR)
Somali Vax: Camel pox, bovine Pasteurellosis, Shoat pox,
CCPP
Model IV (MOBILE CLINICAL SERVICE) Oromia Clinical service
Model V (CLINICAL SERVICE BY LINKED REGIONAL-
WOREDA-KEBELE PRIVATE CLINICS)
Somali Clinical service
Model VI (COMMUNITY-BASED WOMEN
VACCINATORS FOR Newcastle Disease CONTROL)
Amhara Vax: Newcastle Disease
Model VII (STRATEGIC COMMUNITY-BASED ENDO-
AND ECTO-PARASITE CONTROL)
Somali,
Oromia,
Amhara
Camel & shoat ectoparasite control
Cattle and sheep deworming service
Model VIII (LEASING AHPs TO unemployed
VETERINARY GRADUATES)
Amhara
>30,000 livestock vaccinated,
>30,000 worm, ticks
70-100% accessed service
85% access ambulatory service
Most happy to pay service charge
20. PPP ACTIVITY
Models Region Services
Model I (private vaccination service) Amhara,
Oromia
Vax: Rabies, Anthrax, Black leg, O. & B.
Pasteurellosis
Model II (SANITARY MANDATE WITH DISTRICT
PRIVATE SECTOR)
Somali Vax: Camel pox, O. Pasteurellosis
Model III (SANITARY MANDATE WITH LINKED
REGIONAL-WOREDA-KEBELE PRIVATE SECTOR)
Somali Vax: Camel pox, bovine Pasteurellosis, Shoat pox,
CCPP
Model IV (MOBILE CLINICAL SERVICE) Oromia Clinical service
Model V (CLINICAL SERVICE BY LINKED REGIONAL-
WOREDA-KEBELE PRIVATE CLINICS)
Somali Clinical service
Model VI (COMMUNITY-BASED WOMEN
VACCINATORS FOR Newcastle Disease CONTROL)
Amhara Vax: Newcastle Disease
Model VII (STRATEGIC COMMUNITY-BASED ENDO-
AND ECTO-PARASITE CONTROL)
Somali,
Oromia,
Amhara
Camel & shoat ectoparasite control
Cattle and sheep deworming service
Model VIII (LEASING AHPs TO unemployed
VETERINARY GRADUATES)
Amhara
>30,000 livestock vaccinated,
>30,000 worm, ticks
70-100% accessed service
85% access ambulatory service
Most happy to pay service charge
Interim evaluation: Focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant
interviews (KIIs) with different partners (livestock
keepers, private service providers and district and region level private
sector), plus field observations.
To do
- To quantify benefits and
sustainability
- Refine and scale effective and
cost-effective PPP models
21. https://animalhealthmetrics.org
Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs)
Animal Disease Decision Making
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Unfair Guesstimates Opaque Not user friendly Inadequate metrics
%
Agreeing
Courtesy of Delia Grace
22. https://animalhealthmetrics.org
How much
are we
losing
How much are
we spending
Absolute burden
due to each disease
Relative burden
compared to total
burden
Who across
society is
affected
Attribution by disease,
health problem and accidents
Impact across
the economy
Their
biomass
and the
inputs
Value of the
animals and their
outputs
Animal Health
Loss Envelope
GBADs - Analytical structure
Rushton et al 2021
Livestock
populations
Farm-level Burden
Social &
Economy
Burden
23. https://animalhealthmetrics.org
3. Animal health loss envelope (AHLE)- Farm level disease burden
Parameters from
existing data from
central statistical
agency and meta-
analysis of
literature data
Current Gross margin
Ideal Gross margin
Mortality = 0
Reproduction
Offtake
Growth rate
Yield
------
Feed
Labour (- % on
health)
Healthcare = 0
Mortality
Reproduction
Offtake
Growth
Yield
------
feed
Labour
Healthcare
Difference
Ideal parameters
are derived form
expert elicitation
workshop using
Cooke’s method AHLE
-
24. https://animalhealthmetrics.org
AHLE Ethiopia 2021
• Initial animal health loss envelope has been estimated for Ethiopia
• for cattle (US$17billion/yr)
• small ruminants (US$2.8billion/yr)
• and poultry (US$2.5billion/yr)
• with production and population estimates made for working equids and
camelids.
• Overall, this loss equates to 20% of Ethiopian GDP (all 2021 figures).
• This represents all production losses arising from suboptimal animal health
• In reality these losses cannot be eliminated in their entirety, but they give a
measure of the full scale of livestock disease burden.
• For reference, livestock currently contribute nearly 20% of Ethiopian GDP.
26. One Health – Definition
“One Health is an integrated, unifying approach that aims to sustainably balance and optimize the health of
people, animals and ecosystems.
It recognizes the health of humans, domestic and wild animals, plants, and the wider environment (including
ecosystems) are closely linked and inter-dependent...”
FAO, OIE, WHO, UNEP One Health High Level Expert Panel (OHHLEP)
• OH Game Theory
– Society wins with cross-
disciplinary, holistic approaches
• Costs of dog vaccination and
human rabies control are
cheaper than human control
alone
27. The drive for better One Health - example
Figure 1: Timeline of significant emerging zoonoses outbreaks over the past 30 years. Listed at year
of emergence or highest impact with animals affected and/or reservoir animals. BSE = Bovine
Spongiform Encephalitis, S. suis = Streptococcus suis (Thomas et al., 2020).
- Complex challenges with massive impact
- Need One Health collaborative approach
30. Enough about me…
Prof Peter Doherty:
Breakthroughs come
when bring new
approaches to a
problem and when
disciplines mix…
31. Questions
Acknowledgements:
Michel Dione, Wudu
Temesgen, Shauna Richards,
Kebede Amenu, Delia Grace,
Arie Havelaar, Coen
vanWagenberg, Jonathan
Rushton, Solomon Gizaw,
Getachew Dinede, Hiwot
Desta, Alexandre Caron,
Margaret Karembu, Hung
Nguyen and more…
Notas do Editor
34 hectares (84 acres or 344,571 m2)
88 buildings, 31,876 m2 office space
Poultry consumption is high in Burkina Faso, especially in the capital Ouagadougou
Poor welfare and husbandry in transport and markets is an issue and causes big economic losses with 8% mortality in these stages=USD5million/year in losses