1. Lenny believes she sees Ayah in a taxi but is unsure. She discusses Ayah's possible whereabouts and occupation with her cousin, who tries to engage her sexually.
2. Lenny falsely accuses her mother of arson, realizing her mistake when her mother is shocked.
3. That night at her godmother's house, Ice-candy-man, now a poet, arrives looking for information about Ayah, revealing he has become her husband.
This document summarizes and discusses Jhumpa Lahiri's novel "The Namesake". It discusses the writer Jhumpa Lahiri, major themes of the novel like name and identity, cultural differences, and nostalgia. It outlines characters like Ashima and Gogol Ganguli and plots their struggles between cultures. The document also analyzes Lahiri's writing style and the symbols in the novel like the character Nikolai Gogol. In the end, it concludes that Lahiri explores the immigrant experience in America through the lens of names and cultural clashes.
The document provides an in-depth summary and analysis of the novel "Twilight in Delhi" by Ahmed Ali. It discusses the major themes of the novel such as modernity vs conservatism, sexual repression, colonization and imperialism, culture and family systems, and the decline of Muslim civilization. It analyzes how the novel depicts the clash between traditional and modern values in Delhi and the impact of British colonial rule. It also examines the symbolism and imagery used in the novel to represent these themes and the deterioration of Mughal culture and society.
The poet is moving into a room that was previously occupied by Mr Bleaney. Through observing the sparse furnishings, the poet draws conclusions about Bleaney's lonely and stagnant life. The room reflects Bleaney's isolation, as seen in the faded curtains and lack of personal possessions. By the end, the poet worries that he may be becoming like Bleaney over time, trapped in a solitary existence. The poem implies how our environments and circumstances shape our identities.
The document provides an overview of Pakistani literature in English from the pre-partition era through the 1960s. It discusses how early literature highlighted the struggles for independence and nationalism, as well as the atrocities under British rule. Major pre-partition writers like Ahmed Ali portrayed the themes of lost freedom and nationalism. Post-partition literature dealt with the socio-political problems facing Pakistani society. Literature in the 1950s expressed disillusionment and supported democratic ideals. Prominent writers during this time included Saadat Hassan Manto and Zaib-un-Nisa Hamidullah. The 1960s saw literature address issues like political and social upheaval, corruption, cultural neglect, and ethnic/gender discrimination in Pakistan.
This document provides an analysis of symbolism and themes in Henrik Ibsen's play "A Doll's House." It discusses various metaphors and symbols used in the play, including Nora being treated like a doll in a doll house by her father and husband. It also analyzes the symbolism of names Torvald calls Nora, as well as objects like her fancy dress, the Christmas tree, and doors opening and closing. The document concludes by arguing that "A Doll's House" can be considered a modern tragedy as it presents an ordinary woman's journey toward self-liberation in a patriarchal society through the use of deception.
Various Interpretations of “The Birthday Party”Kaushal Desai
This document provides an analysis of various interpretations of Harold Pinter's play "The Birthday Party". It discusses how the play can be viewed as an absurd play, a comedy of menace, or a deeply political work about resistance. The characters are ambiguous and elicit uncertainty in the audience. Pinter intended to mislead viewers into believing the play was realistic at first. Overall, the document examines different critical perspectives on the play's themes of fear, loss, and conformity.
Wole Soyinka - Death and the King's HorsemanRoopsi Risam
Wole Soyinka is a Nigerian writer and activist who was born in 1934 in Nigeria when it was still under British colonial rule. He is from the Yoruba ethnic group and studied in both Nigeria and England. Soyinka wrote successful plays that were produced in London and Nigeria. He was exiled from Nigeria in the 1990s due to his political activism and worked in the U.S. during this time. Soyinka won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1986, being the first African to do so.
The novel Twilight in Delhi follows the decline of an aristocratic Muslim family in Delhi in the early 20th century. It describes Mir Nihal, the patriarch of the family, his wife Begum Mir Nihal, and their children including his favorite son Asghar. The story explores themes of modernity versus conservatism and the downfall of Muslim civilization in India through the symbolic deterioration of Mir Nihal and his family's circumstances.
This document summarizes and discusses Jhumpa Lahiri's novel "The Namesake". It discusses the writer Jhumpa Lahiri, major themes of the novel like name and identity, cultural differences, and nostalgia. It outlines characters like Ashima and Gogol Ganguli and plots their struggles between cultures. The document also analyzes Lahiri's writing style and the symbols in the novel like the character Nikolai Gogol. In the end, it concludes that Lahiri explores the immigrant experience in America through the lens of names and cultural clashes.
The document provides an in-depth summary and analysis of the novel "Twilight in Delhi" by Ahmed Ali. It discusses the major themes of the novel such as modernity vs conservatism, sexual repression, colonization and imperialism, culture and family systems, and the decline of Muslim civilization. It analyzes how the novel depicts the clash between traditional and modern values in Delhi and the impact of British colonial rule. It also examines the symbolism and imagery used in the novel to represent these themes and the deterioration of Mughal culture and society.
The poet is moving into a room that was previously occupied by Mr Bleaney. Through observing the sparse furnishings, the poet draws conclusions about Bleaney's lonely and stagnant life. The room reflects Bleaney's isolation, as seen in the faded curtains and lack of personal possessions. By the end, the poet worries that he may be becoming like Bleaney over time, trapped in a solitary existence. The poem implies how our environments and circumstances shape our identities.
The document provides an overview of Pakistani literature in English from the pre-partition era through the 1960s. It discusses how early literature highlighted the struggles for independence and nationalism, as well as the atrocities under British rule. Major pre-partition writers like Ahmed Ali portrayed the themes of lost freedom and nationalism. Post-partition literature dealt with the socio-political problems facing Pakistani society. Literature in the 1950s expressed disillusionment and supported democratic ideals. Prominent writers during this time included Saadat Hassan Manto and Zaib-un-Nisa Hamidullah. The 1960s saw literature address issues like political and social upheaval, corruption, cultural neglect, and ethnic/gender discrimination in Pakistan.
This document provides an analysis of symbolism and themes in Henrik Ibsen's play "A Doll's House." It discusses various metaphors and symbols used in the play, including Nora being treated like a doll in a doll house by her father and husband. It also analyzes the symbolism of names Torvald calls Nora, as well as objects like her fancy dress, the Christmas tree, and doors opening and closing. The document concludes by arguing that "A Doll's House" can be considered a modern tragedy as it presents an ordinary woman's journey toward self-liberation in a patriarchal society through the use of deception.
Various Interpretations of “The Birthday Party”Kaushal Desai
This document provides an analysis of various interpretations of Harold Pinter's play "The Birthday Party". It discusses how the play can be viewed as an absurd play, a comedy of menace, or a deeply political work about resistance. The characters are ambiguous and elicit uncertainty in the audience. Pinter intended to mislead viewers into believing the play was realistic at first. Overall, the document examines different critical perspectives on the play's themes of fear, loss, and conformity.
Wole Soyinka - Death and the King's HorsemanRoopsi Risam
Wole Soyinka is a Nigerian writer and activist who was born in 1934 in Nigeria when it was still under British colonial rule. He is from the Yoruba ethnic group and studied in both Nigeria and England. Soyinka wrote successful plays that were produced in London and Nigeria. He was exiled from Nigeria in the 1990s due to his political activism and worked in the U.S. during this time. Soyinka won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1986, being the first African to do so.
The novel Twilight in Delhi follows the decline of an aristocratic Muslim family in Delhi in the early 20th century. It describes Mir Nihal, the patriarch of the family, his wife Begum Mir Nihal, and their children including his favorite son Asghar. The story explores themes of modernity versus conservatism and the downfall of Muslim civilization in India through the symbolic deterioration of Mir Nihal and his family's circumstances.
This document provides biographical information about the American poet Walt Whitman. It discusses that he was born in 1819 in New York and started working in newspaper offices at a young age. As an adult, he published his first book of poems, Leaves of Grass, in 1855 which was revolutionary in its style and themes. The document also discusses some of Whitman's major poems and ideas, including his notions of unity, existence, connection, and democracy. It provides context on how the poet Ralph Waldo Emerson influenced Whitman and how Whitman served as a nurse during the Civil War.
This document provides an analysis of Wole Soyinka's 1960 play "A Dance of the Forests". It summarizes the plot, characters, themes, and Soyinka's vision/commentary. The play uses spirits and ghosts to represent Nigeria's past and critique its post-independence corrupt politics. Through rituals and revelations, characters confront trauma from their past lives. The play serves as a metaphor for Nigeria's political situation and a warning about repeating past mistakes.
The document provides background information on Percy Bysshe Shelley and his poem "Ode to the West Wind." It summarizes the themes and imagery in the poem, which addresses the powerful west wind and asks it to spread the poet's words throughout the world. The poem expresses Shelley's desire for his political and reformist ideas to incite change, like the wind scattering leaves. The document also discusses Shelley's hopes that poetry could spur political reform, and the historical context of protests in England that influenced his writing of this poem in 1819.
Presented by Bakhtawer Khurshid to Madam Naima Bilal who encourages Muslim writers and Pakistani dramas.This drama is written by Usman Ali .Its is inspired by A Dog .
Purpose of writing this is to provoke sense of literature among people.
This document discusses the major and minor themes in Henrik Ibsen's play Hedda Gabler. The three major themes are: 1) the conflict between an individual's desires and restrictive social norms, 2) the plight of women in 19th century society facing gender discrimination, and 3) class conflicts between the bourgeois and aristocracy. Minor themes include feminism, wealth, reputation, appearances, dreams/hopes, self-liberation, sex vs. sterility, and the role of drugs and alcohol.
New Historicism is a method that reads literary and non-literary texts from the same historical period together. It was coined by Stephen Greenblatt in 1980 and was influenced by Michel Foucault's theory. Unlike old historicism, new historicism gives equal weight to literary and non-literary texts and sees them as constantly informing each other. It places literary texts in the context of historical documents from the same time period rather than seeing history as a background to literature.
The last ride together by R.Browning Dr. Nusrat J. Arshadjazan university
Robert Browning's poem "The Last Ride Together" is a dramatic monologue told from the perspective of a rejected lover. Though his love has now ended, the speaker wishes to express gratitude for the love they shared. He asks for one last ride with his mistress to cherish the memory of their time together before it is over. Browning explores themes of love, loss, and maintaining an optimistic philosophy of life even in the face of rejection or imperfection.
This document provides biographical information and summaries of major works by four Victorian poets: Alfred Lord Tennyson, Robert Browning, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, and Matthew Arnold. It notes their dates, backgrounds, and most famous poems. For each poet, it highlights one of their works, such as Tennyson's "In Memoriam" about mourning his friend, Browning's dramatic monologue "My Last Duchess", Elizabeth Barrett Browning's love poem "How Do I Love Thee?", and Arnold's poem "Dover Beach" about loss of religious faith.
Thomas Hardy is recognized as a great poet; a great novelist; a story-teller of super excellence. Like Dickens he was a social chronicler of his times.
He studied architecture in King’s College, Cambridge and became the Topper in M.Tech.
Hardy wrote poems all through his life but got recognition as a poet only in the fag end of his life because the themes of most of his poems were far ahead of his time. He wrote more than one thousand poems. More than 1000 poems in eight volumes were published during his life time while many more got published posthumously.
The document discusses different trends in early 20th century modern poetry in the UK and Europe. It describes the Georgian Poets who celebrated English traditions and values in conventional language. It also describes the War Poets like Wilfred Owen who depicted the horrors of WWI in unconventional language. Additionally, it discusses Imagist Poets like Ezra Pound who focused on precise images in short poems. Symbolist Poets like T.S. Eliot were also discussed who used allusive language and sound to evoke feelings rather than state them directly.
King Lear is a Shakespearean tragedy about an aging king who divides his kingdom between his three daughters. He asks them to declare their love for him, and is disturbed by the insincere flattery of the two eldest daughters compared to the honest but lacking response of his youngest, Cordelia. As Lear's descent into madness progresses, order devolves into chaos amid betrayals and battles for power across the kingdom. Subplots involve the illegitimate son Edmund's schemes against his brother Edgar, and Gloucester's blind loyalty to his sons leads to his downfall. By the end, both fathers gain wisdom from their suffering as the plays depicts the fall of kings and the cost of unchecked ambition and betrayal.
Eugene O'Neill's play Long Day's Journey into Night follows the Tyrone family over the course of a single day in 1912. It is considered O'Neill's masterpiece and one of the greatest American plays of the 20th century. The semi-autobiographical play depicts the family's decline as they struggle with addiction and mental illness. Each character lives in denial of their own failures and blame the others, escaping their problems through alcohol and drugs. As the day progresses from morning to night, their illusions are shattered by reality and the play ends in tragedy as the family disintegrates.
The document summarizes William Shakespeare's play Othello. It provides background on Shakespeare, a synopsis of the plot which involves Iago manipulating Othello into believing his wife Desdemona has been unfaithful, and descriptions of the main characters. The climax occurs when Othello vows revenge, believing Desdemona has betrayed him. This leads to tragic consequences as Othello kills Desdemona and then himself when the truth is revealed, while themes of trust, jealousy, and the incompatibility of love and war are explored.
Absurdism is a philosophy that views the universe as illogical and senseless. It arises from the conflict between the human desire to find meaning in life and the inability to do so. The Theater of the Absurd emerged in the 1950s from playwrights in response to the atrocities of WWII and decline of religion. These plays focus on the meaninglessness of life, use nonsensical language and repetition, and lack logical cause and effect.
William Shakespeare wrote the pastoral comedy As You Like It around 1598-1600. It is considered one of Shakespeare's greatest comedies due to its heroine Rosalind, who is praised as one of his most inspiring characters. The play follows Rosalind's adventures after she is banished from court and disguises herself as a man in the Forest of Arden. Through observations on life, love, and nature, various characters find love and families are reunited by the end. The play explores themes of love, human experiences, and the contrasts between urban and rural living.
The document provides biographical information about author Mohsin Hamid and summarizes his novel The Reluctant Fundamentalist. It discusses the main character Changez and his journey from Pakistan to America for college and career, where he initially embraces Western culture and values. However, after 9/11 he begins to question his identity and loyalties as he faces hostility and scrutiny. The document analyzes major themes in the novel like identity, nostalgia, passion, loyalty, and different types of fundamentalism.
Hello, Learners,
This presentation is collaborating work of third year BA students of English literature. We have tried to explain this novel with depth and using various concepts.
Bapsi Sidhwa's novel Ice-Candy Man deals with the partition of India and its aftermath through the eyes of the child narrator Lenny. The novel follows Lenny, a lame Parsi girl, as she witnesses the violence of partition and the changing relationships in her community in Lahore. A key relationship she observes is between her Hindu ayah Shanta and the ice-candy man, who grows angry during the riots and has Shanta abducted. The novel explores the personal impacts of larger political events in a simple yet moving way.
Popati Hiranandari was a revolutionary Sindhi writer who was born in 1924 in Karachi and migrated to India during partition. She faced great hardship after her father's death and the partition, including a torturous 12-day journey with her family and others where they had almost no food or supplies. She compares her statelessness after being driven from her homeland to the injustice faced by Anarkali, who was buried alive in Delhi, highlighting the loss of her and her people's identity and home. Throughout her life and work she spoke out against traditions like dowry that oppressed women.
This document provides biographical information about the American poet Walt Whitman. It discusses that he was born in 1819 in New York and started working in newspaper offices at a young age. As an adult, he published his first book of poems, Leaves of Grass, in 1855 which was revolutionary in its style and themes. The document also discusses some of Whitman's major poems and ideas, including his notions of unity, existence, connection, and democracy. It provides context on how the poet Ralph Waldo Emerson influenced Whitman and how Whitman served as a nurse during the Civil War.
This document provides an analysis of Wole Soyinka's 1960 play "A Dance of the Forests". It summarizes the plot, characters, themes, and Soyinka's vision/commentary. The play uses spirits and ghosts to represent Nigeria's past and critique its post-independence corrupt politics. Through rituals and revelations, characters confront trauma from their past lives. The play serves as a metaphor for Nigeria's political situation and a warning about repeating past mistakes.
The document provides background information on Percy Bysshe Shelley and his poem "Ode to the West Wind." It summarizes the themes and imagery in the poem, which addresses the powerful west wind and asks it to spread the poet's words throughout the world. The poem expresses Shelley's desire for his political and reformist ideas to incite change, like the wind scattering leaves. The document also discusses Shelley's hopes that poetry could spur political reform, and the historical context of protests in England that influenced his writing of this poem in 1819.
Presented by Bakhtawer Khurshid to Madam Naima Bilal who encourages Muslim writers and Pakistani dramas.This drama is written by Usman Ali .Its is inspired by A Dog .
Purpose of writing this is to provoke sense of literature among people.
This document discusses the major and minor themes in Henrik Ibsen's play Hedda Gabler. The three major themes are: 1) the conflict between an individual's desires and restrictive social norms, 2) the plight of women in 19th century society facing gender discrimination, and 3) class conflicts between the bourgeois and aristocracy. Minor themes include feminism, wealth, reputation, appearances, dreams/hopes, self-liberation, sex vs. sterility, and the role of drugs and alcohol.
New Historicism is a method that reads literary and non-literary texts from the same historical period together. It was coined by Stephen Greenblatt in 1980 and was influenced by Michel Foucault's theory. Unlike old historicism, new historicism gives equal weight to literary and non-literary texts and sees them as constantly informing each other. It places literary texts in the context of historical documents from the same time period rather than seeing history as a background to literature.
The last ride together by R.Browning Dr. Nusrat J. Arshadjazan university
Robert Browning's poem "The Last Ride Together" is a dramatic monologue told from the perspective of a rejected lover. Though his love has now ended, the speaker wishes to express gratitude for the love they shared. He asks for one last ride with his mistress to cherish the memory of their time together before it is over. Browning explores themes of love, loss, and maintaining an optimistic philosophy of life even in the face of rejection or imperfection.
This document provides biographical information and summaries of major works by four Victorian poets: Alfred Lord Tennyson, Robert Browning, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, and Matthew Arnold. It notes their dates, backgrounds, and most famous poems. For each poet, it highlights one of their works, such as Tennyson's "In Memoriam" about mourning his friend, Browning's dramatic monologue "My Last Duchess", Elizabeth Barrett Browning's love poem "How Do I Love Thee?", and Arnold's poem "Dover Beach" about loss of religious faith.
Thomas Hardy is recognized as a great poet; a great novelist; a story-teller of super excellence. Like Dickens he was a social chronicler of his times.
He studied architecture in King’s College, Cambridge and became the Topper in M.Tech.
Hardy wrote poems all through his life but got recognition as a poet only in the fag end of his life because the themes of most of his poems were far ahead of his time. He wrote more than one thousand poems. More than 1000 poems in eight volumes were published during his life time while many more got published posthumously.
The document discusses different trends in early 20th century modern poetry in the UK and Europe. It describes the Georgian Poets who celebrated English traditions and values in conventional language. It also describes the War Poets like Wilfred Owen who depicted the horrors of WWI in unconventional language. Additionally, it discusses Imagist Poets like Ezra Pound who focused on precise images in short poems. Symbolist Poets like T.S. Eliot were also discussed who used allusive language and sound to evoke feelings rather than state them directly.
King Lear is a Shakespearean tragedy about an aging king who divides his kingdom between his three daughters. He asks them to declare their love for him, and is disturbed by the insincere flattery of the two eldest daughters compared to the honest but lacking response of his youngest, Cordelia. As Lear's descent into madness progresses, order devolves into chaos amid betrayals and battles for power across the kingdom. Subplots involve the illegitimate son Edmund's schemes against his brother Edgar, and Gloucester's blind loyalty to his sons leads to his downfall. By the end, both fathers gain wisdom from their suffering as the plays depicts the fall of kings and the cost of unchecked ambition and betrayal.
Eugene O'Neill's play Long Day's Journey into Night follows the Tyrone family over the course of a single day in 1912. It is considered O'Neill's masterpiece and one of the greatest American plays of the 20th century. The semi-autobiographical play depicts the family's decline as they struggle with addiction and mental illness. Each character lives in denial of their own failures and blame the others, escaping their problems through alcohol and drugs. As the day progresses from morning to night, their illusions are shattered by reality and the play ends in tragedy as the family disintegrates.
The document summarizes William Shakespeare's play Othello. It provides background on Shakespeare, a synopsis of the plot which involves Iago manipulating Othello into believing his wife Desdemona has been unfaithful, and descriptions of the main characters. The climax occurs when Othello vows revenge, believing Desdemona has betrayed him. This leads to tragic consequences as Othello kills Desdemona and then himself when the truth is revealed, while themes of trust, jealousy, and the incompatibility of love and war are explored.
Absurdism is a philosophy that views the universe as illogical and senseless. It arises from the conflict between the human desire to find meaning in life and the inability to do so. The Theater of the Absurd emerged in the 1950s from playwrights in response to the atrocities of WWII and decline of religion. These plays focus on the meaninglessness of life, use nonsensical language and repetition, and lack logical cause and effect.
William Shakespeare wrote the pastoral comedy As You Like It around 1598-1600. It is considered one of Shakespeare's greatest comedies due to its heroine Rosalind, who is praised as one of his most inspiring characters. The play follows Rosalind's adventures after she is banished from court and disguises herself as a man in the Forest of Arden. Through observations on life, love, and nature, various characters find love and families are reunited by the end. The play explores themes of love, human experiences, and the contrasts between urban and rural living.
The document provides biographical information about author Mohsin Hamid and summarizes his novel The Reluctant Fundamentalist. It discusses the main character Changez and his journey from Pakistan to America for college and career, where he initially embraces Western culture and values. However, after 9/11 he begins to question his identity and loyalties as he faces hostility and scrutiny. The document analyzes major themes in the novel like identity, nostalgia, passion, loyalty, and different types of fundamentalism.
Hello, Learners,
This presentation is collaborating work of third year BA students of English literature. We have tried to explain this novel with depth and using various concepts.
Bapsi Sidhwa's novel Ice-Candy Man deals with the partition of India and its aftermath through the eyes of the child narrator Lenny. The novel follows Lenny, a lame Parsi girl, as she witnesses the violence of partition and the changing relationships in her community in Lahore. A key relationship she observes is between her Hindu ayah Shanta and the ice-candy man, who grows angry during the riots and has Shanta abducted. The novel explores the personal impacts of larger political events in a simple yet moving way.
Popati Hiranandari was a revolutionary Sindhi writer who was born in 1924 in Karachi and migrated to India during partition. She faced great hardship after her father's death and the partition, including a torturous 12-day journey with her family and others where they had almost no food or supplies. She compares her statelessness after being driven from her homeland to the injustice faced by Anarkali, who was buried alive in Delhi, highlighting the loss of her and her people's identity and home. Throughout her life and work she spoke out against traditions like dowry that oppressed women.
Chandu, a low-caste barber, is publicly insulted by the wealthy Sahukar for dressing in fine clothes. In response, Chandu goes on strike and refuses to shave or cut the hair of the villagers. His strike is successful and forces the villagers to come to his new barber shop in town, allowing Chandu to establish his own business and gain independence from the villagers who once looked down upon him.
This document provides an overview of the author's experiences in India. It describes the immense size and diversity of India, highlighting aspects of culture like religions, traditions, festivals and cuisine. It discusses the hospitality of Indian people and poverty in the country. The document shares the author's experiences volunteering with an NGO, travelling around India, and the differences compared to life in Finland.
This story is about a thief named Hari Singh who meets a young writer named Anil. Anil takes Hari in and teaches him how to cook, write, and do math. Hari betrays Anil's trust by stealing money from him but has a change of heart and returns the money. The next day, Anil offers Hari a job, showing he has forgiven Hari and wants to help rehabilitate him through education rather than punishment. The story shows how education can reform criminals and build trust where punishment fails.
The document provides biographical information about Indian novelist Anita Desai. It states that she was born in 1937 in Mussoorie, India to a German mother and Bengali father. She completed her education in English literature from the University of Delhi. Desai began writing at age 7 and published her first novel, Cry, the Peacock, in 1963. She is known for her sensitive portrayals of inner feelings of her female characters and often explores tensions between family members and alienation of middle-class women in her works.
The story follows an unnamed narrator who develops a crush on his neighbor Mangan's sister. One day, she asks him to go to Araby, a bazaar, and buy her something, as she cannot attend. He eagerly awaits the day of the bazaar. However, on the day of the event, his uncle is late coming home with money for travel. By the time the narrator arrives at Araby, it is almost closed. He feels frustration as his romantic notions about the bazaar are shattered, realizing he was naive to think it could relieve his boredom.
I have posted these reflections for Zena who is travelling to India soon...
About Soup and Salad from India:
these reflections/short stories were written during my seven weeks visit to india: kerala, tamil nadu,delhi, rajestan and agra: jan.-march 2001
dedicated to special people i met during
my journey in india , each for a reason : janaki, jaivir, yasmine, maharana, abu, psyche, indu, samer, jerry, mohan, piers, vasantha, vikram, sonu, nasser, kitaki, mariagovani and many others
thanks for encouragements and comments: Hossein Shahidi, Aida Haddad, Norbert Hirshhorn, Madeleine Badaro, Annette Cotteril, Munir Fasheh, Nancy Li, May Abboud, and Mishka Mujabber
KINDLY RESPECT COPY RIGHTS
The narrator describes their grandfather as a highly inspiring figure who taught them many valuable life lessons. As a young boy, the narrator was raised by their grandparents, and it was their grandfather who taught them how to be a man through his example. Their grandfather demonstrated the value of a strong work ethic, living truthfully, and striving to better oneself and one's community. The narrator draws life-long inspiration from the selfless and honorable man their grandfather was.
THE LOST CHILD , CLASS-9 , SUB- ENGLISH.pptxBhargavH1
Mulk Raj Anand's short story "The Lost Child" tells the story of a young boy who gets separated from his parents at a village fair. As the boy and his parents make their way to the fair, the child is distracted by the various attractions like toys, sweets, balloons, and animals. He lags further and further behind until he stops to look at a carousel. When he turns around, his parents are no longer there and he realizes he is lost. The boy runs around crying for his mother and father but cannot find them in the large crowd. A kind man tries to console the lost child by offering him rides and treats, but the boy only continues sobbing for his parents.
The author meets a girl at his cousin's marriage function and bonds with her via texting. The only thing stayed in between them is the author unwillingness to disobey his parents.
This document is a preface and first two chapters of a novel titled "The Sunflower Girl". It introduces the main characters including Sumayya Khalid, a deaf and mute girl from Mangalore, India who works as a beautician. It describes her attending her friend Kadija's wedding, where she catches the attention of one of the groom's cousins, Anwar, with her smiling and gestures. Anwar is tasked with photographing the wedding events and captures photos of Sumayya as well.
This document provides a detailed chapter-by-chapter summary of the novel "Madam This is Annie" by Dianne Case. The summary highlights that the novel tells Annie's story through letters to her white employer and explores the inequalities of apartheid-era South Africa. Key events and themes discussed include Annie's family struggles, her work for her employer, political issues of the time, and her complex relationships with her husband and children.
The document is a collection of short stories by Gia Tortladze. It begins with a story called "Hazrat Vali" set in a village in northern Pakistan, where the title character falls in love with a woman promised to another. They plan to elope but are discovered. The woman is shot and killed, and Hazrat Vali is wounded as he tries to escape. The story then jumps ahead many years to Ravalpindi, where a man named Hallil-Beg works as a blacksmith after fleeing his homeland, haunted by the past tragedy. The collection contains a variety of stories exploring life, relationships,
The document provides a detailed summary of Bapsi Sidhwa's novel "The Ice Candy Man". It discusses the author, plot, characters, themes, and reviews of the novel. The major themes explored are the partition of India, dislocation, disintegration, and feminism. The novel is told from the perspective of the narrator, 8-year old Lenny, and focuses on the impact of communal violence on ordinary lives in Lahore before and after partition.
The document discusses the author's unexpected loss of his wife of 44 years and how he coped with the grief. It then describes how the author decided to dedicate an issue of his magazine "Kafla" to his late wife. The issue would focus on women and include articles and poems about women written by the author and his writer friends. The author expresses gratitude to relatives and friends for supporting him during his time of grief and for helping him publish this dedicated issue of the magazine.
Hari Singh is a small-time thief who approaches writer Anil looking for work, and over time earns Anil's trust as Anil teaches him new skills, but one night Hari steals money from Anil though has a change of heart and returns it, realizing Anil has shown him kindness. The story explores themes of human values, relationships, and how even a thief can have a conscience.
Hari Singh is a small-time thief who approaches writer Anil looking for work, and over time earns Anil's trust as Anil teaches him new skills, but one night Hari steals money from Anil though has a change of heart and returns it, realizing Anil has shown him kindness. The story explores themes of human values, relationships, and how even a thief can have a conscience.
How To Write A Hypothesis - S. Online assignment writing service.Winstina Kennedy
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net, including creating an account, completing an order form with instructions and deadline, reviewing bids from writers and choosing one based on qualifications, and authorizing payment after receiving and approving the paper. The process allows customers to request revisions and is backed by a guarantee of original, high-quality content or a full refund.
Semelhante a Ice Candy Man part 3 Discussion.pptx (20)
Success is often not achievable without facing and overcoming obstacles along the way. To reach our goals and achieve success, it is important to understand and resolve the obstacles that come in our way.
In this article, we will discuss the various obstacles that hinder success, strategies to overcome them, and examples of individuals who have successfully surmounted their obstacles.
Joyce M Sullivan, Founder & CEO of SocMediaFin, Inc. shares her "Five Questions - The Story of You", "Reflections - What Matters to You?" and "The Three Circle Exercise" to guide those evaluating what their next move may be in their careers.
In the intricate tapestry of life, connections serve as the vibrant threads that weave together opportunities, experiences, and growth. Whether in personal or professional spheres, the ability to forge meaningful connections opens doors to a multitude of possibilities, propelling individuals toward success and fulfillment.
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2. CHAPTER – 17
• A new nation is born, India has been divided after all. Although it is my birthday no one has time for
me. Mother makes a disappointing appearance for three minutes and then whishes me happy
birthday and kisses me and instructs Imam Din to make sweets.
• 1. Ayah pours a cup of milk afloat with rose petals over my body before bath. Father hugs me and
asks how old I am. Good good father says absent mindedly but he doesn’t say you are big girl now
as he did last year. I hang around him feeling bored.
• 2. I go to kitchen and announce my birthday ‘so what?’ Says Adi. It’s the same at godmother. I get
hugged and kissed. Godmother is busy in kitchen. She directs a non-stop stream of instruction and
criticism at Slavesister.
• 3. Godmother is head taller than Slavesister. Standing on tip toe she reaches for the semolina.
Where is the rose water? She ask, peering into the top shelf. And where is the sugar? Can’t anything
ever be in place? Everything is in place…..If you’d bother to look.
• 4. I go to cousin’s house and say it’s my birthday, he gives me a small packet, I open it it’s an
autograph book. He takes the book from hand and reads aloud:
• ,happy birthday happy birthday and he cautiously holds me by my shoulders and kissed me. I am
supposed to feel a thrill. Ayah suddenly slaps cousin and says ‘ oye what is this badmashi ? shame
on you!
3. CHAPTER – 17
• “TO MY DEAR LENNY,
• THE OF THE GREAT MEN ALL REMIND US
• HOW TO MAKE OUR LIVES SUBLIME
• AND DEPARTING LEAVE BEHIND US
• FOOTSTEPS ON THE STANDS OF TIME”
• ONLY MY COUSIN PROPERLY COUNTENANCES MY BIRTHDAY. HE COMES GALLOPING
TO THE GATE SHOUTING
4. CHAPTER – 18
• It is dusk on Warris road in Lahore. Mister Singh is carrying a hockey stick and walking
up the drive way. Mother greets them. Mister Singh tells us that the Mehtas have gone!
The Malothras have gone. There are only two sick families left. He and Mr. Singh are
talking about the separation of India and Indians. Mr. Singh tells father we are leaving
Lahore forever. Father is surprised.
• I will take our buffaloes……and whatever essentials we can pile into a truck. Father asked
if there is anything that they could to help? They ask to store belongings at their house
in Lahore. Mother says yes of course bring anything we will keep it. Mrs. Singh starts to
cry, mother asked Lenny to go outside and play with Ayah.
• We decide to go into the kitchen to get the chapatties with sugar and butter. It is night
time. Masseur, Hari, Sher Sing and Ayah all around the radio listening to the broadcast
Gurdaspur. They say everything is under control but everyone in the house thinks that
mass murder is happening there. Moti and Muccho are now there too. They are talking to
leave the town.
5. CHAPTER – 18
• A TRAIN FROM GURDASPUR HAS JUST CAME IN AND EVERYONE IS DEAD. THEY
ARE ALL MUSLIMS, ICE-CANDY MAN IS VERY UPSET.
6. CHAPTER – 19
• The chapter starts out with Adi running over to Lenny and telling her to follow him. He leads
her to the forbidding black box which they open and discover a double-barrow gun. Adi and
Lenny take the gun out to the front yard and pretend to shoot and their father catches them
and gives them a good smack (163-164). Later on that night as the sun cools off they are all
sitting in the yard of a deserted next door house and all of Ayahs admirers are visiting
including Ice-candy-man, Ramzan, and Masseur. They are just sitting around talking about
people that have left town or fleeing and Ayah discovers that she will need to leave too before
they come looking for her. Masseur jumps in and will not let anyone hurt Ayah and that he
cares deeply for her and Ayah declares her love for him too. Lenny then starts crying thinking
Ayah will flee or marry Masseur and leave her behind. Lenny is going through an emotional
battle! She keeps seeing her neighbors and friends fleeing for their lives and she is afraid that
Ayah will desert her too
7. CHAPTER – 20
• In this chapter "wave upon scruffy wave of Muslim refugees flood Lahore - and the Punjab
west of Lahore. Within three months seven million Muslims and 5 million Hindus and Sikhs are
uprooted in a terrible exchange of population known to history" (169) "now that its objective
to divide India is achieved, the British favor Nehru over Jinnah" (169). Nehru is "suave,
Cambridge-polished[;] he carries about him an aura of power . . . . he doles out promises,
smiles, kisses-on-cheeks. He is the prime of his Brahmin manhood" (169). Whereas Jinnah is
almost the exact opposite, "past the prime of his elegant manhood" (170). "The fading [British]
empire sacrifIces his cause to their shifting allegiances" (170).
• Jinnah lost his beautiful wife when she was only 29 years old. In the forty years since the
partition, Jinnah--once known as "ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity"--is "caricatured and
portrayed as a monster" in films and books by British and Hindus. The chapter ends with a
poem written by Naidu Sarojini in tribute to Jinnah
8. CHAPTER – 21
• Hari become Muslim and shaved his bodhi. Hari circumcised his penis by barbar. Lenny is thinking
about Hari. Hari changes his dhoti for substantial gathers of the drawstring shalwar. He wants to be
called Himat Ali.
• Lenny spends night at godmother‘s room after the historical day (Lenny’s birthday). Old husband
has slept and snoring. Room was looking like an apartment and there was hardly space to walk .
Dr.Manek Mody jokingly tells Lenny to sleep because he wants to eat her Roda aunt. Dr.Mody is
teasing her but then Slavesister intervenes that someone has nightmares so don’t do this. Lenny
likes her godmother because she fights for her and she knows that Dr.Mody is just teasing her at
least she is eight years old now. Lenny doesn’t like that everyone call her Lenny baby, Lenny baby,
Lenny baby. Next morning light comes in room when Slavesister appears with tea. Dr.Mody is again
teasing her when he asks for his breakfast. Dr.Mody is brother in law of godmother. When
Slavesister is making food for all there is a conflict between Dr.Mody, mini aunty and godmother.
• Godmother has invited four students from King Edward medical collage dorms to tea. When ever her
brother in law visits Lahore she invites them. Only two students come this time (Yakoob from
Peshawar , Charles ), two have left with their family.
• Dr.Mody admires eyes of Sikh girls when Ayah appear with tea.
9. CHAPTER – 22
• Mother becomes more busy. Adi’s face becomes pale in the absence of mother.
Ayah tells them about car’s dicky. Car’s dicky is full with petrol. Lenny, Adi and her
cousin wants to know about petrol and they were suspicious. “You can trust me” . If
your mother get to know I told u this .....Hare karishana......They will kill me.
Quarters full of gallons and gallons of petrol.
• When everyone goes to sleep Ayah helps Lenny ‘s mother . They talk about the
disturbance around but the mother stops Ayah to discuss “close your mouth ...Ayah.
Lenny prays to God to “banish evil from our mother and aunt’s mind”.
• Lenny is going to school with Himat Ali on Waris road to Mr. Pens .. (description of
rush because of some attacks ). There Himat Ali meets Pehalwan.
10. CHAPTER – 23
• 1: .. in the start of the chapter, in Lahore many people lived and they followed different religions.
Muslims, Christians, and Parsee etc.
• 2: Hassan/ Masseur (Muslim) and Ayah (Hindu) love each other. So due to this love, they get
involved in a physical relationship.
• 3: Ice – candy man kills the Masseur (Hassan).
• 4: Some groups of people come to Parsee home of Lenny shouting Allah-o-Akbar. They ask about
Hari, Moti, and Ayah. But Hari and Moti have already changed their religion.
• 5: People ask where is Ayah? Imam Din says that she is gone. But those people do not believe him.
Then he swears and says, Allah-ki-qasam,” she is gone to Amritsar!” Through this statement Imam
Din tries to diffuse the conflicting situation of bloodshed in the name of religion.
• 6: Ice – candy man comes and asks Lenny that where is Ayah. Ice – candy man says that I will help
Ayah. Lenny discloses that Ayah is hiding inside the home.
• 7: These people drag Ayah outside the home. They drag by her arms stretched, bare feet and take
her along with them.
11. CHAPTER – 24
• In this chapter, Bapsi Sidhwa describes all about the customs and traditions of marriage in sub-
continent through Papoo’s wedding ceremony. At one point she describes; “I ran out with the rest of
the immediate kin to see the “Baraat” just as the bridegroom’s party enters our gates”
• Then she describes the appearance of Baraat with bands and groom was hardly seen because of his
height, then she describes about groom’s dress that was lungi and shirt, turban and then veil of
flowers hanging from his face, as what we called sehra. Then tells about Papoo’s childish behaviour
that even after the arrival of groom she was sleeping. She tells about her glowing skin that was
because of Multani mud, tumeric ubtan and mustard oil. At the end she describes how the priest
was holding his gilt-edged Bible and Rosary. He makes the sign of cross before the couple, then
padri recites the Christian marriage deed literary in Punjabi.
12. CHAPTER – 25
• In this chapter Bapsi Sidhwa firstly describes about the appearance of a woman as Ayah, named
Hamida and her working ability. Her duty was to take care of the child. With reference to her duty
she gives a statement through sharbat khan, " children are devils.......They only know the truth
".Hamida always covers her head but she was unfamiliar of many chores like ironing, cooking etc.
She was always terrified of electricity.
• Then we are told about Ranna's story. The village was so quite, it could be the middle of the night.
They arranged a meeting and Chaudhary joined mullah on his charpoy. Then they talked about
Sikh's attack on different villages of Muslims. They killed Muslim men and women brutally and
raped their women, this created great horror among masses. Chaudhary sahab urged the people to
drew their weapons to protect themselves and keep women protected in Chaudhary's hawali.
• Ranna observes people's killing, bloodshed, cries of women. He saves himself with great difficulty
from the dark room, where all children were kept ,then he moved toward his uncle and aunt and hid
himself in cane's field during an attack on Muslims. He came to know that his uncle's village was not
under attack but when he reached there he found bloodshed there also and found that there was
nobody but animals. In this time of difficulty he ate hard chapatti, raw potatoes etc. Then he was
caught by a group of Sikhs and he was told by Sikh that his chachi was married to him now.
13. CHAPTER – 26
• The chapter no:26 of Ice-candyman starts when Lenny’s cousin informed her that he saw Ayah in Lahore.
• In the beginning of the chapter Lenny holds Himat Ali's hand. And visits fairs and meals in search of Ayah but failed in her attempt to
find her.
• The second section of the chapter deals with the godmother.
• Lenny went with godmother to the hospital for donating blood.
• Over the years godmother has established a network of espionage in order to help the distressed and displaced.
• People bring her news about their joys and sorrows.
• Lenny once listened to godmother and Slavesister talking about Ayah and pretending that they are not hiding anything from her.
Lenny has more faith in godmother than her mother's and electric aunt's stories.
• The mystery of the women in the courtyard deepens. Sometimes the cries came but they could not guess from where these were
coming.
• Lenny observed her mother and father used to quarrel mostly over the matter of money. But there were many other things she was
not aware of.
• Lenny could not sleep during nights she got frightened when she thought about the mobs who took Ayah with them.
• Lenny asked her new Ayah Hamida about her experiences. She says, I saw you in woman's camp and the Ayah tells that how she was
kidnapped by the Sikhs but later rescued and since then she lived in the camp. Lenny told this to godmother.
• She also told that my cousin wants to marry me but I particularly do not want to marry him.
14. CHAPTER – 27
• The chapter 27 starts where Lenny went to servant quarter’s roof and was looking down on
the fallen women in order to find Ayah that may be she was living there.
• Sometime, Hamida sat with Lenny and looked at the sad faces of fallen women, Lenny said “I
wonder about the women’s children don’t they miss their mother? Then Lenny asked Hamida
that why do not you visit your children, she said, she can’t if she tries to meet her children,
they will suffer.
• Then Hamida told her the story of a king who had no children and once in the night he saw a
dream that he was bestowed by a son but his son would die at the age of sixteen year as he
had a curse upon him.
• Imam Din caught the billa and we ran towards the kitchen , neighbours and servants already
form a small crowd around it and play with billa . At the same time mother came and grabbed
Imam Din’s shirt and said “shame on you, tormenting a small cat! Mother beat him with a whip
when he was ignoring mother.
• At night father returned and Imam Din told him that baijee struck him with a whip.
• Lenny continues her search for “Ayah”.
15. CHAPTER – 28
• Lenny, having sensed that the grown ups have quit searching for Ayah, is depressed
and seeks consolation through talking to cousin, but he is aloof. This intrigues
Lenny as much as it infuriates her, and she finds herself following cousin around
obsessively, even daydreaming about him. The more she tries, the farther he
distances himself until he finally surprises Lenny in her room one day with news: he
has seen Ayah! Cousin's intention to woo Lenny instantly becomes apparent with his
persistent attempts to touch her, but the news had refocused Lenny's life and she
threatens him. The love conflict is finally settled at godmother's house where they
reach an agreement: Lenny will keep an open mind towards cousin and cousin will
not touch her for a few more years. The chapter concludes with cousin trying to win
Lenny's heart by diligently searching for the whereabouts of Ayah.
16. CHAPTER – 29
• The chapter starts out with Lenny catching a glimpse of a made-over Ayah in a taxi.
There is a long, light-hearted account of the doctor entertaining Lenny and Adi by
passing wind when his finger is pulled, claiming he is exorcising demons. A brief visit to
the now queen-less garden leaves Lenny and Hamida feeling uncomfortable and out of
place among Muslim men who now fill the garden. Lenny then tells godmother that she
has seen Ayah but godmother is either unsure or wants to convince Lenny otherwise and
this results in shattering Lenny's confidence. Lenny spends the next part of the chapter
with cousin as he unveils more details he has learned about Ayah: her whereabouts (the
diamond market) and her new profession (a dancer), educating Lenny on these adult
terms and happenings. Again though cousin uses the occasion to engage Lenny sexually,
she resists. Lenny then confronts her mother with the accusation of arson. Mother is
shocked by Lenny's accusation and Lenny falls apart upon the realization that she
thought her mother was capable of such deeds. Back at godmother's house, Lenny learns
that Ayah is now a wife and that her husband is coming to see godmother that night.
After an impatient few hours of waiting, Ice-candy-man arrives. He presents himself with
elegant formality as a poet, having changed so much that Lenny hardly recognizes him.
17. CHAPTER – 29
• He launches into an extravagant display of knowledge and recounts how he is, in
fact, related to them. After concluding his act with such amazing play of emotion
that he hypnotizes Lenny, godmother engages him ruthlessly. Godmother tears
apart Ice-candy-man's action, accusing him and insulting him to a point where he is
reduced to a broken man, weeping earnestly in the dust at their feet. Lenny takes in
everything and she too goes into hysterics. The chapter concludes with godmother
returning to her tongue-in-cheek self and Ice-candy-man walking into the distance,
muddied white cloths fluttering in the wind. Lenny's eyes are opened that night "to
the pitiless face of love." She is growing up.
18. CHAPTER – 30
• Opens at godmother’s house as Lenny discovers she is preparing to see Ayah. Lenny knows
that godmother “…is impelled by an urge to pop up at the right place in the hour of a person’s
need.” Despite this she is surprised and desperate to come along. Lenny questions why Ayah
will not come to see them and is told that Ayah is ashamed. A wise Lenny is aware that “they
have shamed her…not the strangers, but …the other men she counted among her friends and
admirers.” “I want to tell her I am her friend,” sobs Lenny.
• Mini aunty returns to godmother’s with groceries and is alarmed that godmother plans on
taking Lenny to see Ayah in the hira mandi. “’How can you even dream of taking the child
there!’ Says mini aunty, her eyes brimming with reproach…her cheeks lengthening in solemn
consternation.” Even Slavesister blinks away tears at the thought. In godmother’s firm and
decisive manner the two leave, hand in hand.
19. CHAPTER - 30
• Upon arrival in the hira mandi, Lenny is greeted by empty streets and disheveled,
snickering women. “Even [Lenny] can tell they were not well brought up.” Godmother
marches regally down the street with her sari pinched austerely beneath her chin. The
nervous Ice-candy-man ushers them into his home and brings out Ayah, whom he has
named Mumtaz. Ayah is painted, bejeweled and teetering on too high heels while trying
to keep hold of her piles of skirts and ornaments. Lenny is frightfully shy towards the
new Ayah and wonders; “can the soul be extracted from its living body?” Ayahs vacant
eyes are…colder than the Ice that lurks behind the hazel in Ice-candy-man’s beguiling
eyes.” “Godmother composes herself and asks Ayah, ‘isn’t he looking after you?’” “…I can
not forget what happened, ”are Ayah’s words, “I am not alive.”
• Returning to the room Ice-candy-man’s eyes are red and desperate. In a slow coiling
movement, betraying the snake that he is, he squats in front of godmother pleading his
case. “…While Ayah is haunted by her past, Ice-candy-man is haunted by his future…”
• Cousin is disapprovingly shocked that Lenny was taken to the hira mandi. Lenny still
doesn’t understand why and as it is explained to her she conjures up the idea of a “cross
between a Swiss finishing school…and a school for the fine and performing arts.”
20. CHAPTER - 31
• Mother is having tea on the veranda with an Indian Christian family—Mr. Phailbus, his daughter Maggie, and his son Theo—
when the German doctor dr. Selzer passes by. Dr. Selzer is staying in what used to be the Shankar's’ rooms. Dr. Selzer is tall
like colonel Bharucha or Mr. Rogers but not intimidating. He’s polite and perhaps also shy. He has become Lenny’s main
doctor. When Dr. Selzer joins the group, mother praises his skill as a doctor. Her limp is almost completely healed. Then
mother begins praising Mr. Phailbus, who is a successful homeopath (an expert in natural healing). She talks about how Mr.
Phailbus cured her of a cyst with a little powder she drank.
Then a sound in what used to be Rosy and Peter’s compound arouses the group. While shy dr. Selzer runs off, the group sees
what is happening in the women’s home. A Sikh bodyguard is fighting with a group of men. One of them is covered with
blood and dirt but when he wipes his face they realize he is Ice-candy-man. He and his goondas (hired thugs) escape in a
cart while mother yells insults at them. The Sikh guard also yells, saying that he will never let anyone touch the rescued
women in the compound.
The reason Ice-candy-man was there fighting is that Ayah was taken to the camp run by the ministry for the rehabilitation of
recovered women. Ayah is being processed, but the women there talk to Hamida and Lenny and tell them that Ayah does not
want to see them yet. In excitement, Lenny chants “Ayah! Ayah! Ayah!” And the women in the camp yell “hai! Hai! Hai!” Ayah
comes out to the courtyard eventually and looks at Lenny as if they were strangers.
• Later Lenny learns that Ayah was freed thanks to godmother, who “singlehandedly engendered the social and moral climate
of retribution and justIce required to rehabilitate our fallen Ayah.” If not for her help, it would have taken the bureaucracy of
the new state of Pakistan to rescue Ayah. Thanks to godmother, though, polIcemen came to hira mandi and entered Ice-
candy-man’s house, taking Ayah with them in a black van to the recovered women’s camp. Neither Ice-candy-man’s threats
or his group of cronies were able to do anything to get Ayah back.
21. CHAPTER – 32
• The final chapter opens with a passage from the poetry of Muhammad Iqbal. The
passage discusses a form of wine that exposes life’s secrets and mysteries. The poet
asks for the power to speak the truth.
• Ice-candy-man now wanders around Warris road outside the women’s camp. His
arm is in a sling and he waits outside reciting Urdu poems about heartbreak by
Muhammad Ibrahim Zauq, Faiz Ahmad Faiz, and, Ghalib. He throws rose petals and
candy over the gate to the women. The Sikh guard now sees him as harmless and
even sits down with him sometimes. Ayah is sometimes taken over to Mr. Phailbus
for homeopathic treatment. He waits outside to catch a glimpse of her, but Ayah
pretends he does not exist. One morning Ice-candy-man is gone. Ayah has finally
gone to her family in Amritsar. Ice-candy-man goes after her, escaping into India
through the Wagah border.