I'm Sajid Malik, a dedicated healthcare professional with a comprehensive academic background, boasting degrees in Master of Science in Nursing (MSN*), Master of Public Health (MPH), Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BScN), and a credential in Health Informatics and Patient Care (DHIPC). My professional journey has been shaped by a commitment to advancing healthcare and patient outcomes. In my exploration of nursing theories, I find particular fascination with the Goal Attainment Theory. Originating from the renowned nursing theorist Imogene King, this theory provides a dynamic framework for understanding the nurse-patient relationship and the process of achieving health-related goals. From the perspective of the Goal Attainment Theory, nursing is not merely a set of tasks but a collaborative endeavor between the nurse and the patient. It emphasizes the importance of setting mutual goals, effective communication, and the establishment of a therapeutic partnership. This theory recognizes the uniqueness of each patient, acknowledging their personal values, beliefs, and aspirations in the pursuit of optimal health. Understanding the Goal Attainment Theory is crucial for nurses as it guides their practice, encouraging them to tailor care plans that align with individual patient needs. It fosters a holistic approach, emphasizing the interconnectedness of the nurse, patient, and environment in the pursuit of health objectives. As I delve into this theory, I aim to contribute to the broader conversation within the nursing community about its application and relevance in contemporary healthcare settings.

1. Goal Attainment Theory
Imogene King’s Mr. Sajid Hussain
Presented By
Group 8
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2. At the end of the presentation, the learners will be able to;
Discuss about historical perspective of Imogene King
Elaborate the major concepts and definition
Logical assertions and propositions
Demonstrate the Imogene King’s approach about nursing paradigm.
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3. Imogene King Nursing Background
Born in 1923.
Earned a diploma in nursing from St. John’s Hospital of Nursing in St
Louis in 1945.
Worked as office nurse, staff nurse, school nurse, and private duty
nurse to support herself while studying for a baccalaureate degree.
Bachelor of Science in Nursing from St. Louis University in 1948
Masters of Science in Nursing from St. Louis University in 1957
Doctorate from Teacher’s college, Columbia University, New York in 1961.
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4. MAJOR
CONCEPTS
AND
DEFINITIONS
King developed a general systems framework
and a theory of goal attainment
Where the framework refers to the three
interacting systems;
Individual or personal, group or
interpersonal, and society or social.
The theory of goal attainment pertains to the
importance of;
interaction, perception, communication,
transaction, self, role, stress, growth and
development, time, and personal space.
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Definition
“Nursing is a process of
Action, Reaction And
Interaction whereby nurse
and client share
information about their
perception during nursing
situation”.

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8. Personal System
The concepts for the personal system are
Perception, self, growth and development, body image, space, and time.
These are fundamentals in understanding human being because this refers to how the nurse views and
integrates self based from personal goals and beliefs.
Among all these concepts, the most important is perception, because it influences behavior.
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9. Perception— a process of organizing,
interpreting, and transforming information from
sense data and memory that gives meaning to
one's experience, represents one's image of
reality, and influences one's behavior.
Self—
A composite of thoughts and feelings that
constitute a person's awareness of individual
existence, of who and what he or she is.
Growth and development—
Cellular, molecular, and behavioral changes in human
beings that are a function of genetic endowment,
meaningful and satisfying experiences, and an
environment conducive to helping individuals move
toward maturity.
Body image
A person's perceptions of his or her body.
Time—the duration between the occurrence of
one event and the occurrence of another event.
Space
The physical area called territory that exists in all
directions. • Learning—gaining knowledge.
Personal System Conti…
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10. Interpersonal System
This shows how the nurse interrelates with a co-worker or
patient, particularly in a nurse-patient relationship.
Communication between the nurse and the client can be
verbal or nonverbal.
•INTERACTIONS—the acts of two or more persons in mutual
presence; a sequence of verbal and nonverbal behaviors
that are goal directed.
•COMMUNICATION—the vehicle by which human relations
are developed and maintained; encompasses intrapersonal,
interpersonal, verbal, and nonverbal communication.
•TRANSACTION—a process of interaction in which human
beings communicate with the environment to achieve goals
that are valued; goal-directed human behaviors.
•Role—a set of behaviors expected of a person occupying a
position in a social system.
•Stress—a dynamic state whereby a human being interacts
with the environment to maintain balance for growth,
development, and performance, involving an exchange of
energy and information between the person and the
environment for regulation and control of stressors.
•Coping—a way of dealing with stress.
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11. Social System
Nurse interaction with co workers, superiors, subordinates and the client environment in general. These are groups
of people within the community or society that share a common goals, values and interests. It provides a framework
for social interaction and relationships and establishes rules of behavior and courses of action (King, 1971).
Social systems are organized boundary systems of social roles, behaviors, and practices developed
to maintain values and the mechanisms to regulate the practices and roles.
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12. Decision Making—a dynamic and systematic process by which goal-directed choice of perceived alternatives is
made and acted upon by individuals or groups to answer a question and attain a goal.
Control—being in charge.
Status—the position of an individual in a group or a group in relation to other groups in an organization.
Power—the process whereby one or more persons influence other persons in a situation.
Authority—a transactional process characterized by active, reciprocal relations in which members' values, backgrounds,
and perceptions play a role in defining, validating, and accepting the authority of individuals within an organization.
Social System
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13. Assumptions • Nursing focus is the care of
human being
• Nursing goal is the health care
of individuals & groups
• Human beings: are open systems
interacting constantly with their
environment.
• Basic assumption of goal
attainment theory is that nurse and
client communicate information, set
goal mutually and then act to attain
those goals, is also the basic
assumption of nursing process
• “Each human being perceives
the world as a total person in
making transactions with
individuals and things in
environment”
• “Transaction represents a life
situation in which perceiver &
thing perceived are encountered
and in which person enters the
situation as an active participant
and each is changed in the process
of these experiences”
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14. • Action: is defined as a
sequence of behaviors
involving mental and
physical action.
• Reaction: which is
considered as included in
the sequence of behaviors
described in action.
• In addition, king discussed: –
(a) goal
(b) domain
(c) functions of nurse
Goal of nurse: “To help
individuals to maintain
their health so they can
function in their roles.”
Domain of nurse:
“includes promoting,
maintaining, and restoring
health, and caring for the
sick, injured and dying.
Function of
professional nurse:
“To interpret information
in nursing process to plan,
implement and evaluate
nursing care.
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16. Human being has three
fundamental needs:
The need for the
health information
that is unable at the
time when it is
needed and can be
used
The need for
care that seek to
prevent illness
The need for
care when
human beings
are unable to
help themselves.
Person
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18. Environment
Environment is the
background for
human interactions.
It involves
1. Internal
environment:
transforms energy to
enable person to
adjust to continuous
external
environmental
changes.
2. External
environment:
involves formal and
informal
organizations. Nurse
is a part of the
patient’s
environment.
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21. Dyadic : Between two persons
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22. References
• www.currentnursing.com • http://imogenekingtheory.blogspot.com/p/k ey-concepts.html
• Tomey, A.M., (1994). Nursing Theorists and Their Work. 3rd ed. Missouri: Mosby
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23. THANK YOU!
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