Assalamualaikum
Hope you all are fine and doing well. Submitting my work on gene therapy. Let me know you this is a basic knowledge assignment and I have written it for students use and I hope it will be helpful for you. Keep me remember in your prayers.
Thanks.
This document provides an overview of gene therapy. It defines gene therapy as an experimental technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease. It describes the main approaches like somatic cell gene therapy and germline gene therapy. It also discusses viral and non-viral vectors, delivery methods like in vivo and ex vivo, advantages like curing genetic diseases, and challenges like short-term effects and safety issues. Recent developments show promise for treating diseases like blindness and Parkinson's.
Gene therapy involves introducing normal genes into patients to compensate for mutated genes that cause disease. It works by using a vector to deliver the therapeutic gene into a target cell, allowing functional proteins to be produced and returning the cell to a normal state. There are two main types - germline gene therapy, which can pass therapeutic effects to future generations, and somatic gene therapy, which only affects the individual patient. While initial gene therapy trials showed promise, there have also been safety issues, as in 1999 a patient died due to an immune response to the adenovirus vector. Researchers continue working to address risks before conducting further human clinical trials.
This document provides an overview of gene therapy, including what it is, different types and approaches, vectors used, methods of delivery, advantages and disadvantages. Gene therapy involves inserting a normal gene to replace an abnormal gene responsible for a disease. It can be done via in vivo or ex vivo methods. Viral and non-viral vectors are used to deliver genes. While gene therapy holds promise to treat genetic diseases, it also faces challenges such as short-lived effects and safety issues.
This document provides an overview of gene therapy, including types, approaches, vectors used, methods of delivery, advantages, disadvantages, applications, and recent advances. It discusses somatic cell gene therapy, which aims to correct genetic defects in non-reproductive cells, and germline gene therapy, which could pass alterations to future generations but poses more risks. Ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy approaches are described. Viral and non-viral vectors as well as various delivery methods are outlined. Some applications including cystic fibrosis and cancer are highlighted. Risks and ethical considerations are also mentioned.
This document discusses gene therapy and its various aspects. It defines gene therapy as a method of treatment using genes or DNA instead of drugs to treat diseases caused by defective genes. The DNA is delivered into cells using vectors like viruses. The document discusses two main types of gene therapy - somatic cell therapy which affects only the treated individual, and germ line therapy which affects future generations. It also discusses various gene therapy strategies, vectors, methods of gene delivery and challenges in gene therapy.
Gene therapy involves inserting normal genes into patients to replace abnormal genes that cause disease. It is being studied for many diseases like immunodeficiencies, hemophilia, Parkinson's, and cancer. The first gene therapy occurred in 1990 and involved treating a genetic immune deficiency. While it offers potential cures, there are also risks and ethical concerns around its use.
Gene therapy involves inserting genes into an individual's cells and tissues to treat disease. It can replace mutated genes, inactivate genes, introduce new genes, or cause cancer cells to kill themselves. Viral and non-viral vectors are used to deliver genes. Gene therapy has been applied to treat genetic disorders, cancer, heart disease, and more. Recent advances include using gene therapy to regenerate heart muscle cells, treat Sanfilippo syndrome and brain cancers, and combining cellular and gene therapies for breast cancer. RNA and DNA can be estimated using reactions that form colored complexes measured spectrophotometrically.
This document provides an overview of gene therapy, including its types, approaches, vectors used, delivery methods, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. Gene therapy involves introducing normal genes into cells to replace missing or defective genes and correct genetic disorders. The first approved gene therapy experiment treated a child for ADA-SCID. Somatic and germline gene therapy are the two main types. Vectors deliver therapeutic genes and include viral vectors like retroviruses and lentiviruses and non-viral methods. Applications show promise for diseases like cancer, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and neurological disorders. However, risks include toxicity, immune responses, and unpredictable effects that require further research.
This document provides an overview of gene therapy. It defines gene therapy as an experimental technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease. It describes the main approaches like somatic cell gene therapy and germline gene therapy. It also discusses viral and non-viral vectors, delivery methods like in vivo and ex vivo, advantages like curing genetic diseases, and challenges like short-term effects and safety issues. Recent developments show promise for treating diseases like blindness and Parkinson's.
Gene therapy involves introducing normal genes into patients to compensate for mutated genes that cause disease. It works by using a vector to deliver the therapeutic gene into a target cell, allowing functional proteins to be produced and returning the cell to a normal state. There are two main types - germline gene therapy, which can pass therapeutic effects to future generations, and somatic gene therapy, which only affects the individual patient. While initial gene therapy trials showed promise, there have also been safety issues, as in 1999 a patient died due to an immune response to the adenovirus vector. Researchers continue working to address risks before conducting further human clinical trials.
This document provides an overview of gene therapy, including what it is, different types and approaches, vectors used, methods of delivery, advantages and disadvantages. Gene therapy involves inserting a normal gene to replace an abnormal gene responsible for a disease. It can be done via in vivo or ex vivo methods. Viral and non-viral vectors are used to deliver genes. While gene therapy holds promise to treat genetic diseases, it also faces challenges such as short-lived effects and safety issues.
This document provides an overview of gene therapy, including types, approaches, vectors used, methods of delivery, advantages, disadvantages, applications, and recent advances. It discusses somatic cell gene therapy, which aims to correct genetic defects in non-reproductive cells, and germline gene therapy, which could pass alterations to future generations but poses more risks. Ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy approaches are described. Viral and non-viral vectors as well as various delivery methods are outlined. Some applications including cystic fibrosis and cancer are highlighted. Risks and ethical considerations are also mentioned.
This document discusses gene therapy and its various aspects. It defines gene therapy as a method of treatment using genes or DNA instead of drugs to treat diseases caused by defective genes. The DNA is delivered into cells using vectors like viruses. The document discusses two main types of gene therapy - somatic cell therapy which affects only the treated individual, and germ line therapy which affects future generations. It also discusses various gene therapy strategies, vectors, methods of gene delivery and challenges in gene therapy.
Gene therapy involves inserting normal genes into patients to replace abnormal genes that cause disease. It is being studied for many diseases like immunodeficiencies, hemophilia, Parkinson's, and cancer. The first gene therapy occurred in 1990 and involved treating a genetic immune deficiency. While it offers potential cures, there are also risks and ethical concerns around its use.
Gene therapy involves inserting genes into an individual's cells and tissues to treat disease. It can replace mutated genes, inactivate genes, introduce new genes, or cause cancer cells to kill themselves. Viral and non-viral vectors are used to deliver genes. Gene therapy has been applied to treat genetic disorders, cancer, heart disease, and more. Recent advances include using gene therapy to regenerate heart muscle cells, treat Sanfilippo syndrome and brain cancers, and combining cellular and gene therapies for breast cancer. RNA and DNA can be estimated using reactions that form colored complexes measured spectrophotometrically.
This document provides an overview of gene therapy, including its types, approaches, vectors used, delivery methods, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. Gene therapy involves introducing normal genes into cells to replace missing or defective genes and correct genetic disorders. The first approved gene therapy experiment treated a child for ADA-SCID. Somatic and germline gene therapy are the two main types. Vectors deliver therapeutic genes and include viral vectors like retroviruses and lentiviruses and non-viral methods. Applications show promise for diseases like cancer, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and neurological disorders. However, risks include toxicity, immune responses, and unpredictable effects that require further research.
Gene therapy involves introducing genes into cells to treat disease. It works by correcting defective genes that cause diseases. The first approved gene therapy occurred in 1990 when a child with ADA-SCID was treated. There are two main types of gene therapy - somatic cell therapy targets body cells while germline therapy affects eggs and sperm. Significant challenges remain for gene therapy including developing safe methods for long-term effects and ensuring equitable access to new treatments. However, gene therapy has potential to cure many inherited diseases and revolutionize medicine.
The document discusses gene therapy and its potential to treat genetic diseases. It describes how gene therapy works by introducing functional genes into cells to replace defective genes causing disease. The first approved gene therapy treated a girl with ADA-SCID by inserting a functional ADA gene. While promising, gene therapy faces challenges like short-lived effects and safety issues that must still be addressed.
Gene therapy involves inserting normal genes into cells to treat genetic diseases. There are two main methods - using viruses as vectors to deliver genes (viral vectors) or delivering naked DNA. Researchers are studying gene therapy for diseases like cancer, HIV, hemophilia and more. Some successes include treating blindness caused by a genetic defect using a virus to deliver a healthy gene to the eyes. Gene therapy has also reduced Parkinson's disease symptoms by delivering a gene to the brain to increase inhibitory neurotransmitters. While offering hope, gene therapy also faces challenges in terms of safety, cost and ethical issues.
This document provides an overview of gene therapy. It defines gene therapy as using genes or oligonucleotide sequences as therapeutic molecules to treat genetic defects. The document describes the types of gene therapy, strategies used, methods of delivery including ex vivo and in vivo approaches, target cells, vectors, advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses the current status of gene therapy and diseases where successful clinical trials have been reported.
Gene therapy involves introducing genes into cells to treat disease. The first approved gene therapy treated a girl named Ashanti DeSilva for ADA-SCID in 1990. There are two main types: somatic cell gene therapy targets body cells and is not inherited, while germline gene therapy targets germ cells and is inherited. Gene therapy holds promise for treating genetic diseases but also faces challenges in achieving long-term effects, immune responses, and ethical concerns.
Gene therapy is the process of inserting therapeutic genes into cells to prevent or cure wide range of diseases. The newly introduced genes will encode proteins and correct the deficiencies that occur in genetic diseases. Gene therapy primarily involves genetic manipulations in animals or humans to correct a disease, and keep organism in good health. It is a technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease and development.
This document provides an overview of gene therapy presented by Vishnu Kumar Dhakad. It discusses the history of gene therapy from its origins in 1960 to early clinical trials in 1990. The presentation covers approaches to gene therapy including gene modification, transfer methods using viral and non-viral vectors, and applications to specific cell lines. Examples of successful gene therapy treatments for blindness and Parkinson's disease are provided. The document also notes some advantages and disadvantages of gene therapy as well as ethical considerations surrounding the field.
Gene therapy is an experimental technique that aims to correct defective genes responsible for disease development. It works by inserting a normal gene to replace an abnormal one. Researchers are studying gene therapy for diseases like SCID, hemophilia, Parkinson's, cancer and HIV. Early attempts date back to the 1960s but the first approved human gene therapy trial was in 1990 for a genetic immune deficiency. Since then, gene therapy has been used successfully to treat various diseases while also facing some setbacks. It delivers therapeutic genes into patient cells using either viral or non-viral vectors in order to potentially offer permanent effects for inherited conditions.
Gene therapy involves inserting normal genes into individuals to replace defective genes that cause disease. It has been used to treat various genetic diseases and cancers since the 1990s. While it offers promise for permanent treatment, gene therapy still faces challenges like short-term effects, immune responses, high costs, and difficulties with gene delivery methods that have limited its effectiveness so far. Continued research aims to overcome these obstacles.
Introduction
Approaches to Gene Therapy
Vectors in Gene Therapy
Non-viral Methods
Physical Methods for Improving DNA Transfer
Chemical Methods for Improving DNA Transfer
Advantages and Disadvantages of Gene Therapy
Applications of Gene Therapy
Challenges
NUCLEIC ACID BASED THERAPEUTIC DELIVERY SYSTEM by pramesh..pptxPRAMESHPANWAR1
Name of the title: Nucleic Acid-Based Therapeutic Delivery System.
It includes information about nucleic acid, gene therapy, and its type, a method to deliver the desired DNA, i.e., vectors and their types, with proper examples and diagrams, and how these things help in delivering a nucleic acid-based therapeutic drug delivery system.
Gene therapy involves inserting functional genes into patients' cells to treat genetic diseases. It was first proposed in the 1960s and attempted in the 1970s. The first approved human gene therapy trial took place in 1990, treating a girl with severe combined immunodeficiency. Since then, gene therapy has been used experimentally to treat various diseases including cancer, cystic fibrosis, and HIV. There are two main approaches - ex vivo, where cells are removed and modified before being returned to the body, and in vivo, where genes are directly inserted into target tissues. Viruses are often used as vectors to deliver therapeutic genes, with retroviruses commonly used for ex vivo therapy and adenoviruses for in vivo.
Gene therapy involves introducing normal genes into cells to replace missing or defective genes and correct genetic disorders. The first gene therapy treatment occurred in 1990 for SCID. There are two main types - germline therapy would alter the germ cells and be heritable, while somatic therapy only affects the individual. Delivery of genes requires vectors like viruses that can transport the new gene into target cells. Challenges include developing vectors that don't cause immune responses, achieving long-term expression of the gene, and addressing disorders influenced by multiple genes. Risks include insertional mutagenesis and the development of tumors.
This document discusses gene therapy and its potential to treat diseases. It provides an overview of genes and how mutations can cause disease. Gene therapy involves inserting functional genes into patients' cells to replace mutated genes that cause illness. Viruses called vectors are used to deliver therapeutic genes into target cells. Some common vector types discussed are retroviruses, adenoviruses, and adeno-associated viruses. Both ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy approaches are described. The document reviews the history of gene therapy and various clinical trials that have been conducted to treat diseases like cancer, cystic fibrosis, and immunodeficiencies.
Gene therapy involves inserting normal genes into a person's cells to treat a disease. There are several strategies for gene therapy, including ex vivo and in vivo methods. Viral vectors are commonly used to deliver therapeutic genes to target cells. However, gene therapy has faced challenges such as short-lived effects, immune responses, and safety issues with viral vectors. Continued research is working to overcome these issues and further develop promising applications of gene therapy.
Gene therapy involves modifying genes to treat or cure disease. It works by replacing mutated genes, inactivating abnormal genes, or introducing new genes. Early successes treated immune deficiencies, but challenges remain in achieving long-term effects without side effects. Promising areas are treating inherited retinal diseases and Parkinson's through localized delivery of therapeutic genes using viral or non-viral vectors. While offering potential cures, gene therapy also raises ethical issues that require ongoing discussion.
The document discusses genes and genetic disorders. It defines a gene as the basic physical and functional unit of heredity, and notes that genes are segments of DNA that code for specific traits. Genetic disorders are caused by variations or mutations in genes. The document then discusses recent discoveries in epigenetics, gene marking, and gene therapy. Gene therapy involves introducing new genes into cells to treat diseases, either by replacing defective genes, inactivating abnormal genes, or introducing new genes to fight diseases. Various gene therapy approaches and vectors, including viral vectors like retroviruses and adenoviruses, are described.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Gene therapy involves introducing genes into cells to treat disease. It works by correcting defective genes that cause diseases. The first approved gene therapy occurred in 1990 when a child with ADA-SCID was treated. There are two main types of gene therapy - somatic cell therapy targets body cells while germline therapy affects eggs and sperm. Significant challenges remain for gene therapy including developing safe methods for long-term effects and ensuring equitable access to new treatments. However, gene therapy has potential to cure many inherited diseases and revolutionize medicine.
The document discusses gene therapy and its potential to treat genetic diseases. It describes how gene therapy works by introducing functional genes into cells to replace defective genes causing disease. The first approved gene therapy treated a girl with ADA-SCID by inserting a functional ADA gene. While promising, gene therapy faces challenges like short-lived effects and safety issues that must still be addressed.
Gene therapy involves inserting normal genes into cells to treat genetic diseases. There are two main methods - using viruses as vectors to deliver genes (viral vectors) or delivering naked DNA. Researchers are studying gene therapy for diseases like cancer, HIV, hemophilia and more. Some successes include treating blindness caused by a genetic defect using a virus to deliver a healthy gene to the eyes. Gene therapy has also reduced Parkinson's disease symptoms by delivering a gene to the brain to increase inhibitory neurotransmitters. While offering hope, gene therapy also faces challenges in terms of safety, cost and ethical issues.
This document provides an overview of gene therapy. It defines gene therapy as using genes or oligonucleotide sequences as therapeutic molecules to treat genetic defects. The document describes the types of gene therapy, strategies used, methods of delivery including ex vivo and in vivo approaches, target cells, vectors, advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses the current status of gene therapy and diseases where successful clinical trials have been reported.
Gene therapy involves introducing genes into cells to treat disease. The first approved gene therapy treated a girl named Ashanti DeSilva for ADA-SCID in 1990. There are two main types: somatic cell gene therapy targets body cells and is not inherited, while germline gene therapy targets germ cells and is inherited. Gene therapy holds promise for treating genetic diseases but also faces challenges in achieving long-term effects, immune responses, and ethical concerns.
Gene therapy is the process of inserting therapeutic genes into cells to prevent or cure wide range of diseases. The newly introduced genes will encode proteins and correct the deficiencies that occur in genetic diseases. Gene therapy primarily involves genetic manipulations in animals or humans to correct a disease, and keep organism in good health. It is a technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease and development.
This document provides an overview of gene therapy presented by Vishnu Kumar Dhakad. It discusses the history of gene therapy from its origins in 1960 to early clinical trials in 1990. The presentation covers approaches to gene therapy including gene modification, transfer methods using viral and non-viral vectors, and applications to specific cell lines. Examples of successful gene therapy treatments for blindness and Parkinson's disease are provided. The document also notes some advantages and disadvantages of gene therapy as well as ethical considerations surrounding the field.
Gene therapy is an experimental technique that aims to correct defective genes responsible for disease development. It works by inserting a normal gene to replace an abnormal one. Researchers are studying gene therapy for diseases like SCID, hemophilia, Parkinson's, cancer and HIV. Early attempts date back to the 1960s but the first approved human gene therapy trial was in 1990 for a genetic immune deficiency. Since then, gene therapy has been used successfully to treat various diseases while also facing some setbacks. It delivers therapeutic genes into patient cells using either viral or non-viral vectors in order to potentially offer permanent effects for inherited conditions.
Gene therapy involves inserting normal genes into individuals to replace defective genes that cause disease. It has been used to treat various genetic diseases and cancers since the 1990s. While it offers promise for permanent treatment, gene therapy still faces challenges like short-term effects, immune responses, high costs, and difficulties with gene delivery methods that have limited its effectiveness so far. Continued research aims to overcome these obstacles.
Introduction
Approaches to Gene Therapy
Vectors in Gene Therapy
Non-viral Methods
Physical Methods for Improving DNA Transfer
Chemical Methods for Improving DNA Transfer
Advantages and Disadvantages of Gene Therapy
Applications of Gene Therapy
Challenges
NUCLEIC ACID BASED THERAPEUTIC DELIVERY SYSTEM by pramesh..pptxPRAMESHPANWAR1
Name of the title: Nucleic Acid-Based Therapeutic Delivery System.
It includes information about nucleic acid, gene therapy, and its type, a method to deliver the desired DNA, i.e., vectors and their types, with proper examples and diagrams, and how these things help in delivering a nucleic acid-based therapeutic drug delivery system.
Gene therapy involves inserting functional genes into patients' cells to treat genetic diseases. It was first proposed in the 1960s and attempted in the 1970s. The first approved human gene therapy trial took place in 1990, treating a girl with severe combined immunodeficiency. Since then, gene therapy has been used experimentally to treat various diseases including cancer, cystic fibrosis, and HIV. There are two main approaches - ex vivo, where cells are removed and modified before being returned to the body, and in vivo, where genes are directly inserted into target tissues. Viruses are often used as vectors to deliver therapeutic genes, with retroviruses commonly used for ex vivo therapy and adenoviruses for in vivo.
Gene therapy involves introducing normal genes into cells to replace missing or defective genes and correct genetic disorders. The first gene therapy treatment occurred in 1990 for SCID. There are two main types - germline therapy would alter the germ cells and be heritable, while somatic therapy only affects the individual. Delivery of genes requires vectors like viruses that can transport the new gene into target cells. Challenges include developing vectors that don't cause immune responses, achieving long-term expression of the gene, and addressing disorders influenced by multiple genes. Risks include insertional mutagenesis and the development of tumors.
This document discusses gene therapy and its potential to treat diseases. It provides an overview of genes and how mutations can cause disease. Gene therapy involves inserting functional genes into patients' cells to replace mutated genes that cause illness. Viruses called vectors are used to deliver therapeutic genes into target cells. Some common vector types discussed are retroviruses, adenoviruses, and adeno-associated viruses. Both ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy approaches are described. The document reviews the history of gene therapy and various clinical trials that have been conducted to treat diseases like cancer, cystic fibrosis, and immunodeficiencies.
Gene therapy involves inserting normal genes into a person's cells to treat a disease. There are several strategies for gene therapy, including ex vivo and in vivo methods. Viral vectors are commonly used to deliver therapeutic genes to target cells. However, gene therapy has faced challenges such as short-lived effects, immune responses, and safety issues with viral vectors. Continued research is working to overcome these issues and further develop promising applications of gene therapy.
Gene therapy involves modifying genes to treat or cure disease. It works by replacing mutated genes, inactivating abnormal genes, or introducing new genes. Early successes treated immune deficiencies, but challenges remain in achieving long-term effects without side effects. Promising areas are treating inherited retinal diseases and Parkinson's through localized delivery of therapeutic genes using viral or non-viral vectors. While offering potential cures, gene therapy also raises ethical issues that require ongoing discussion.
The document discusses genes and genetic disorders. It defines a gene as the basic physical and functional unit of heredity, and notes that genes are segments of DNA that code for specific traits. Genetic disorders are caused by variations or mutations in genes. The document then discusses recent discoveries in epigenetics, gene marking, and gene therapy. Gene therapy involves introducing new genes into cells to treat diseases, either by replacing defective genes, inactivating abnormal genes, or introducing new genes to fight diseases. Various gene therapy approaches and vectors, including viral vectors like retroviruses and adenoviruses, are described.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
Gene therapy
1. Department of Zoology
Name: Muhammad Mohsin
Roll no: 851
MOLECULAR GENETICS
ASSIGNMENT
SUBMITTED TO
Madam Bushra
Topic: Gene Therapy
Introduction
Approaches
Vectors in gene therapy
Physical methods
Chemical methods
Non -viral method
Types
Advantages and disadvantages
2. Gene therapy.
The medical approach that involves the modification or replacing of defective genes in a
person’s cells to prevent genetic disorders and diseases. Manipulating of the non-
functional or the malfunctional genes is termed as the gene therapy.
This technique has the ability to treat those diseases that cannot be treated with
conventional medicine. The first successful gene therapy clinical trial was conducted by a
team of researchers led by Dr.W. French Anderson in 1990 that aimed to treat a young
boy named Ashanti DeSilva who had a genetic disorder named as severe combined
immunodeficiency (SCID). They use a retroviral vector to introduce the missing gene in
the patient blood stem cells. Promising results have been achieved in case of various
genetic diseases including blood disorders, immune deficiency, metabolic disorders, and
various types of cancers.
Approaches.
Gene replacement therapy: This approach involves the introduction of a
functional copy of a defective gene into patient cell. It aims to restore the missing
or faulty gene.
Gene addition therapy: In case where the missing or nonfunctional protein is
causing the disease, an additional copy of the correct gene is introduced.
Adjustment of the gene expression of the genes: by editing of the specific genes
their expression can be controlled.
Vectors in gene therapy.
1. Retroviruses.
Retroviruses are a type of RNA virus that can reverse transcribe their RNA
genome into DNA and integrate into host cell’s DNA. This feature makes them
useful in gene therapy where they can deliver therapeutic genes into cells for
treatment of genetic disorders. The problem while using the retroviruses in gene
therapy is that the integrase enzyme can insert the viral genome into the host cell
that can lead to the insertional mutation. If
this insertion takes place at the time of cell
division than it can cause to uncontrolled cell
division that can cause cancer. Zinc finger
nucleases are type of engineered DNA
cutting enzymes used in gene therapy to
precisely modify an organism’s genome.
2. Adenoviruses.
This class of viruses have a double stranded DNA and they cause various
infectious diseases in human including respiratory, intestinal and ocular infections
3. When they infect a cell, they insert their DNA into
the host. However, their DNA is not inserted into the
organism’s genome. In case of adenoviruses the
when the host cell is divided the foreign genes are
not replicated and the cells generated by division do
not have any additional genes. So, using the
adenoviruses for treatment in gene therapy the
growing cell population requires re injection.
3. Adeno associated viruses.
Adeno associated viruses is a small class of
viruses that cause diseases in human. They have gained
significant importance due to their potential use as gene therapy vectors. Using AAVs in
gene therapy various therapeutical genes are
transferred for the aim of treatment of various diseases.
Benefits of using the AAVs for the treatment is the non-
pathogenicity of the virus for human in the absence of
their helper viruses such as adenoviruses and the herpes
viruses. They have the ability to transfer their genetic
material specifically at the chromosome 19.
4. Herpes simplex viruses.
These viruses have a double stranded DNA and they infect the neural cells.
Herpes simplex virus is a neurotropic virus that is mainly used to transfer the gene in the
nervous system. HSV-1 is commonly used for the gene therapy in it’s mutant form as it is
unable to replicate.
Physical methods
i. Electroporation.
Electroporation is a technique used in gene therapy to introduce genetic material
into cells. It involves applying short bursts of electrical pulses to create temporary
pores in the cell membrane, allowing DNA and other molecules to enter. It’s
valuable tool in the field of gene therapy due to its efficiency in delivering the
gene. However high rate of cell death has limited its clinical use.
ii. Gene gun.
The gene gun also known as biolistic particle delivery system is a technique used
to introduce foreign genetic material into cell or tissues. In this process gene is
coated with gold particles and then placed inside a device which provide the
4. required force to enter the cell. This method has been used in the clinical trials of
treatment of the patients having X-linked severe immunodeficiency (X-SCID).
However, it’s important to note that gene gun has been a valuable tool, it has
certain limitations such as potential cell damage and variable efficiency.
iii. Sonoporation.
It is an ultrasound mediated technique that use ultrasound waves to temporarily
create pores in cell membrane, allowing the uptake of the genetic material.
Sonoporation is considered as a noninvasive technique and offer advantages in
terms of cell viability compared to other methods that offer more damage to the
cell.
iv. Magnetofection.
In this technique DNA is complexed with magnetic particles and a magnet is placed
under cellular culture so that the DNA can be exposed to the one cell layer
compound. This method combines the principle of magnetic field and
nanoparticles to enhance the uptake of
substance into the cell, making it particularly
useful in gene therapy. The gene is extracted
from the magnetic particles by the
intermolecular restriction enzymes.
Magnetofection has the limitations such as the
toxicity of nano particles and need for
optimization to ensure the efficient delivery.
Chemical methods.
I. Oligonucleotides.
Synthetic oligonucleotides are used in the inactivation of the undesirable
genes that are causing the genetic disorders. By using the specific antisense
of the target gene, the transcription of the specific gene is stopped. Small
interfering RNAs (siRNA) are also used that breakdown the sequence of the
gene mRNA thus preventing its translation i.e., it’s expression.
II. Lipoplex and polyplex.
The combination of the DNA and polymers is called as the polyplex. The
polymers often used are cationic in nature so that their positive charge
interact with the negatively charged genetic material. Lipoplex are also
used as vectors and are prepared by the DNA and the lipids. These are
anionic or neutral in nature. The lipid fuse with the cell membrane and
release the genetic material in the cell.
5. III. Dendrimers
Dendrimers are the spherical branched macromolecules. Their surface
can be charged by various methods and the properties of the final structure
depends on the charged surface. The nucleic acid linkage is formed with the
cationic dendrimer which is transferred into cell by endocytosis.
Non-viral methods
A. Ormasil.
Ormasil is the modified silica or organic silicates and are used as a non-viral
method in genetic engineering. Commonly silica is used in combination with
the nanoparticles and amino silicones. This method is preferred due to less
toxicity and ease of operating the Ormasil. The reaction between the serum
proteins during the delivery is the limiting factor of this method.
B. Injection of naked DNA.
It is the simplest non-viral method. The gene expression with this
method is very low as compared to other methods. However, the clinical trials have
been successful. The naked DNA uptake by the cell is not so efficient. This limitation
has given rise to the certain physical methods such as electroporation and gene gun
etc.
Types of gene therapy.
Somatic cell gene therapy.
The non reproductive cells of the body are called as the somatic cells i.e.,
the cells other than the sperms and egg. Any alteration in the somatic cells
don’t cause any inheritance. This gene therapy is carried out to treat
certain genetic disorders, acquired diseases such as leukemia, protein
deficiency that may cause serious disorders that are due to absence of a
gene etc. The dysfunctional gene is removed and a functional copy of a
cloned gene is introduced in an organism. The gene may be inserted by
using a viral vector or liposomes. Cancer and cystic fibrosis are the disease
treated.
Germ cell gene therapy.
The reproductive cells of an organism are called as germ cells. When the
DNA is injected into the germ cells of an organism then it is passed over
generations and lead to the inheritance alteration. Any genetic ailment
inherited from the parents can be treated. Introducing genetic changes
into germ cells could have lasting effect. The genetic modifications are
performed on sperm or egg before fertilization. The modifications can be
carried out directly into cells or may be carried in vitro fertilization. It helps
6. in the prevention of genetic disorders, inherited diseases and
enhancement of the traits. Altering the human germline raises the ethical
issues.
Ex vivo gene therapy.
It can be applied to only selected tissues like bone marrow cells that can be
cultured in laboratory. It involves following steps:
Isolate the cells from patient that are defected
Growing the cells in culture
Introducing the therapeutic gene to remove the defect
Select the genetically modified cells and grow
Transplant these cells without defect in the patient
The patient cells is extracted, cultured and after the genetic modification it is
returned to patient.
Ex vivo gene therapy can be applied to a wide range of cell types including
genetic disorders, cancer and immune related diseases.
In vivo gene therapy.
In vivo gene therapy can be defined as the direct delivery of the therapeutic gene
into the target cell. These include liver, muscle, skin, spleen, lung and brain cell.
The delivery of gene can be carried out by viral and non-viral vectors. The
7. expression capability of gene, uptake of gene and the intracellular degradation of
gene determine the efficiency of the process.
Ethical issues of gene therapy.
Altering genes could have unforeseen and potentially harmful effects, not just for
the individual treated but also for the future generations as changes passed
down.
Editing gene in embryo raising concern about passing modified traits and leading
to questions about “playing God”.
Gene therapy high cost can divide between those who can afford and those who
can’t afford
Altering the human genome and the desirable traits can lead to inequality and
societal bias.
Developing effective regulations to ensure the safety and ethical use of gene
therapy while avoiding stifling innovation poses a challenge
If gene edited organism are released into environment unintended ecological
consequences could occur.
Advantages of gene therapy.
Germ line therapy offers a true cure for various genetic disorders.
8. It can be tailored to an individual’s genetic makeup allowing for personalize
treatment
Successful gene therapy can lead to long term benefits and provide permanent
solution to some conditions
Compared to traditional treatment like chemotherapy, gene therapy may have
fewer effects.
It opens the door to treating disease that were previously considered untreatable
It can enhance the quality of life for individuals with chronic diseases
Effective gene therapies could reduce the need for frequent and costly medical
interventions
Disadvantages of gene therapy.
There is a risk of unintended genetic changes or adverse reactions, which could
have a long term or unpredictable consequences
The body’s immune system might react against the modified genes or vectors
used in gene therapy
Manipulating genes raises ethical questions about potential misuses, unintended
consequences
Developing and administrating the gene therapies and can be expensive, limiting
access for certain regions or individuals
The technology behind gene therapy requires specialized expertise and facilities
In some cases, the therapeutic effect of the gene may disappear over a short
period of time, requiring repeated treatments
Ensuring that the therapies reach the correct cell or tissue into the body can be
challenging
Since gene interactions are complex so modifying a single gene might lead to
unexpected effects on other genes or systems