Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sinh Dang-Xuan and Delia Grace at a Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Food Safety webinar on 'Applying risk-based approaches in food safety', 14 June 2023.
This document discusses seafood allergies and adverse reactions. It begins with an introduction and overview of seafood classification. It then covers seafood allergy epidemiology and allergens such as parvalbumin. Various studies are summarized that examine parvalbumin content and cross-reactivity between different fish species. The document concludes with notes that heating processes can impact allergens while raw fish collagen in particular can induce sensitization. Not all reported seafood sensitivities constitute a true IgE-mediated allergy.
This document discusses infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) which affects poultry. It begins by describing the virus's characteristics, including that it is a small, non-enveloped double stranded RNA virus with a bi-segmented genome. It then covers the virus's protein structure and the roles of the different proteins. The document discusses how the virus spreads horizontally through infected feces or contaminated equipment. It outlines the virus's epidemiology, describing the natural hosts, ages of highest susceptibility, and pathogenesis. The document concludes by covering treatment and control methods like biosecurity and vaccination programs. It also discusses how extreme vaccination pressure, improper cleaning, and other factors have led to the evolution of more virulent virus strains
This document discusses infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN), a viral disease that affects young salmonids. It is caused by the IPN virus, a birnavirus with two RNA segments. The disease causes high mortality in fry and fingerlings. While it was first described in Canada in 1941, it has since spread worldwide and can be transmitted through infected water, equipment, fish, eggs and carriers like birds. Clinical signs include swimming abnormalities, loss of appetite and paleness. Diagnosis involves detecting viral lesions on the pancreas and intestines. Management requires controlling water quality, screening broodstock, disinfecting eggs and vaccinating fish. Many fish species can be infected and act as asymptomatic carriers.
The document discusses global food losses and waste and strategies to reduce them. It notes that approximately 1.3 billion tons of food, worth around $1 trillion, is lost or wasted globally every year. This amounts to roughly one third of all food produced for human consumption. The document outlines causes of food losses and potential prevention strategies. It then introduces the Global Initiative on Food Losses and Waste Reduction called SAVE FOOD, which aims to study the issue and implement solutions through regional studies, awareness campaigns, and partnerships. The FAO and IFAD are collaborating on the initiative to jointly support efficient food supply chains.
Toxocariasis is caused by the roundworm Toxocara canis or T. cati infecting humans. The worms normally infect dogs and cats as definitive hosts. Humans can become infected by ingesting embryonated eggs from contaminated soil or surfaces. This causes the larvae to hatch and migrate through the body, potentially causing visceral larva migrans or ocular larva migrans. Albendazole is the recommended treatment for toxocariasis.
Population refers to all organisms of the same species living in a particular geographic area that can interbreed. A population is the basic unit for measuring growth factors like birth and death rates. A population lives together in an area that meets all its needs for reproduction, survival, and migration. A stock is a subset of a species inhabiting a particular area with similar growth and mortality parameters. Stocks are the units used for fisheries assessment and management.
This document discusses seafood allergies and adverse reactions. It begins with an introduction and overview of seafood classification. It then covers seafood allergy epidemiology and allergens such as parvalbumin. Various studies are summarized that examine parvalbumin content and cross-reactivity between different fish species. The document concludes with notes that heating processes can impact allergens while raw fish collagen in particular can induce sensitization. Not all reported seafood sensitivities constitute a true IgE-mediated allergy.
This document discusses infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) which affects poultry. It begins by describing the virus's characteristics, including that it is a small, non-enveloped double stranded RNA virus with a bi-segmented genome. It then covers the virus's protein structure and the roles of the different proteins. The document discusses how the virus spreads horizontally through infected feces or contaminated equipment. It outlines the virus's epidemiology, describing the natural hosts, ages of highest susceptibility, and pathogenesis. The document concludes by covering treatment and control methods like biosecurity and vaccination programs. It also discusses how extreme vaccination pressure, improper cleaning, and other factors have led to the evolution of more virulent virus strains
This document discusses infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN), a viral disease that affects young salmonids. It is caused by the IPN virus, a birnavirus with two RNA segments. The disease causes high mortality in fry and fingerlings. While it was first described in Canada in 1941, it has since spread worldwide and can be transmitted through infected water, equipment, fish, eggs and carriers like birds. Clinical signs include swimming abnormalities, loss of appetite and paleness. Diagnosis involves detecting viral lesions on the pancreas and intestines. Management requires controlling water quality, screening broodstock, disinfecting eggs and vaccinating fish. Many fish species can be infected and act as asymptomatic carriers.
The document discusses global food losses and waste and strategies to reduce them. It notes that approximately 1.3 billion tons of food, worth around $1 trillion, is lost or wasted globally every year. This amounts to roughly one third of all food produced for human consumption. The document outlines causes of food losses and potential prevention strategies. It then introduces the Global Initiative on Food Losses and Waste Reduction called SAVE FOOD, which aims to study the issue and implement solutions through regional studies, awareness campaigns, and partnerships. The FAO and IFAD are collaborating on the initiative to jointly support efficient food supply chains.
Toxocariasis is caused by the roundworm Toxocara canis or T. cati infecting humans. The worms normally infect dogs and cats as definitive hosts. Humans can become infected by ingesting embryonated eggs from contaminated soil or surfaces. This causes the larvae to hatch and migrate through the body, potentially causing visceral larva migrans or ocular larva migrans. Albendazole is the recommended treatment for toxocariasis.
Population refers to all organisms of the same species living in a particular geographic area that can interbreed. A population is the basic unit for measuring growth factors like birth and death rates. A population lives together in an area that meets all its needs for reproduction, survival, and migration. A stock is a subset of a species inhabiting a particular area with similar growth and mortality parameters. Stocks are the units used for fisheries assessment and management.
Fr antibiotic pesticide hormones & heavy metals fbabasahebkumbhar
This document discusses food safety and residues that can occur in animal products consumed by humans. It defines residues as substances from drugs, metals, or other sources that are transmitted to animal products and may harm human health. Acceptable daily intake and maximum residue limits for different substances are described. Common sources of residues include antibiotics, insecticides, hormones, and heavy metals. The document outlines potential health hazards to humans from residues, including allergic reactions, toxicity, and development of drug-resistant organisms. It emphasizes the need for controls and education to minimize residues entering the food supply.
Cryptosporidium hominis is a parasite with an infectious oocyst containing sporozoites that infect the gastrointestinal tract. It has a life cycle involving schizogony and production of gametocytes leading to oocysts shed in feces. Infection causes self-limiting diarrhea in immunocompetent hosts but severe, worsening diarrhea in immunocompromised patients. Diagnosis is via stool examination and staining techniques. Treatment options include nitazoxanide and azithromycin. Cryptosporidiosis is found worldwide but prevalence is higher in developing countries, being transmitted through contaminated water and causing outbreaks where water treatment is insufficient.
Groupers belongs to the family Serranidae.
⚫ Groupers are classified in 14 genera of the subfamily Epinephelinae, which comprises at least half the approximately 449 species in the family Serranidae.
⚫ Several grouper species have been raised on a commercial scale, but mostly by growing out captured wild juveniles.
Epidemiological research on brucellosis in India: Knowledge generated and gapsILRI
Presentation by Ram Pratim Deka, Johanna Lindahl and Delia Grace at a workshop on One Health approach for brucellosis control in India, New Delhi, India, 26 October 2017.
This document discusses avian influenza viruses and their role in inter-species transmission. It notes that influenza A viruses can infect multiple species including humans, birds, pigs, and other animals. These viruses are classified into subtypes based on their surface glycoproteins HA and NA. The virus is transmitted through contact with infected bird secretions or contaminated surfaces. It also discusses how low pathogenic avian influenza viruses can mutate into highly pathogenic forms, and how pigs may serve as an intermediate host for genetic reassortment between avian and human viruses, increasing pandemic potential in humans.
Food safety in the pork value chain and pathways towards safer pork in VietnamILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Pham Duc Phuc, Sinh Dang Xuan, Pham Van Hung, Huyen Le Thi Thanh, Tuyet-Hanh Tran Thi, Kohei Makita and Delia Grace at the 15th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 13 November 2018.
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is a parasitic protozoan that causes white spot disease in freshwater fish. It has a direct life cycle with three stages: the feeding trophont stage on the fish, the reproducing tomont stage in the environment, and the infective theront stage. Clinical signs include white spots on the skin and fins. Diagnosis is made by microscopic examination of spots and seeing the characteristic moving trophonts. Common treatments include formalin, malachite green, increased temperature, or salt, with the goal of targeting the free-living theront stage.
Dr. David Goldman - Meat/Poultry Antibiotic Residue Testing, Protecting Human...John Blue
1,552
(15.4% of
tests)
Market
Hogs
Heavy
Calves
# OF
VIOLATIVE
ANIMALs
# OF
POSITIVE
IN-PLANT
TESTS
# OF INPLANT
TESTS
SLTR
CLASS
128
(8.24% of
positives)
199
The document discusses antibiotic residue testing in meat and poultry by the USDA to protect human health. It provides an overview of the National Residue Program, including improvements made to increase annual sampling and use multi-residue screening methods. Preliminary data from the program in 2013 found violative
Fowl adenovirus: Using serology to control your flocksRafael Monleon
A presentation about Fowl Adenovirus in chickens. It provides insights on: etiology, pathology, monitoring and control among others.
Presented globally on September 9th 2014 via Watt Ag-Net Webinar by Dr. Rafael Monleon
Contact me in LinkedIn for any question: www.linkedin.com/rafaelmonleon
This document summarizes information about emerging foodborne pathogens and the complex modern food system. It discusses factors that allow microbes to adapt and become emerging pathogens, such as genetic mutations, stress responses, and antibiotic resistance. Specific emerging pathogens that pose food safety risks are described in detail, including enterohemorrhagic E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Vibrio species, Clostridium difficile, Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella species, and Enterobacter sakazakii. The document contrasts the modern global and industrialized food system with past local systems and reviews foodborne disease surveillance data.
Infectious Hypo dermal and Haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV).soumya sardar
This document summarizes information about infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), including that it is a small, non-enveloped virus that infects and replicates in various tissues of shrimp. It can cause cuticular deformities and reduced growth in infected shrimp species like Penaeus vannamei and P. stylirostris. The virus is stable and can remain infectious for many years when frozen. While no effective treatments exist, breeding for disease resistance and general husbandry practices like screening broodstock can help prevent its spread.
This document discusses infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus that causes a highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens. IBV infects the respiratory tract, kidneys, intestines, and reproductive organs of chickens. It is transmitted through the air, feces, and fomites. Clinical signs include respiratory signs like sneezing as well as decreased egg production and thin-shelled misshapen eggs. Gross lesions include caseous plugs in the bronchi and thickened bronchial mucosa. Microscopic lesions involve the tracheal, kidney, and oviduct tissues. Diagnosis involves observing clinical signs and lesions as well as virus isolation, immunodetection assays, and inoculation of embryonated
The document discusses the challenges of achieving global food security. It notes that the number of undernourished people has risen to over 1 billion and food access issues should be addressed by ensuring availability of food and quality/safety of food. A multi-dimensional approach is needed that considers the economics, politics, environment, and societal aspects of food security. Key challenges include poverty reduction, population growth, unequal income distribution, effects of climate change such as reduced crop yields, and use of food crops for non-food purposes like biofuels. Coordinated political action is required to effectively address the complex, interconnected issues related to achieving worldwide food security.
local names, definition, etiology,epidemiology lifecycle, pathogenesis, clinical findings, necropsy finding, diagnosis,treatment, control and prevention
The document discusses foodborne illness risks in the food service industry. It identifies five major risks: 1) the type of food and its intended use, 2) food handling, preparation, and processing, 3) equipment and facility layout, 4) management and employee food safety knowledge, and 5) the volume of food and typical patronage. It then discusses each of these risks in more detail. The document concludes by discussing the need for food safety and introducing Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) plans as a risk management measure to mitigate foodborne illness risks.
Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases that are transmitted between animals and humans. Some key points:
- Over 60% of known pathogens are zoonotic. Emerging diseases often originate from animal hosts.
- Transmission can occur directly, through a vector, or from humans to animals.
- Many common diseases started as zoonoses, such as measles, mumps, influenza and HIV.
- Potential carriers include many mammals, birds, arthropods.
- Zoonoses include bacteria, viruses, parasites, and prions causing diseases like rabies, anthrax, salmonellosis.
- Outbreaks can occur through exposure to infected animals at farms, markets, zoos. Foodborne
Conventional protein sources for aqua feedDr. Smit Lende
Aquaculture production reached 60 million tonnes in 2010 with a value of $119 billion, contributing 36.9% of total fisheries production. Over 46% of aquaculture depends on external feed inputs which are expensive. Fishmeal is the major protein source but supplies are limited and prices are high, creating an urgent need to find alternative protein sources like animal byproducts, plant proteins from soy, corn and oilseeds, and microbial sources like algae and yeast. Sustainable aquaculture feed development must consider economics, local ingredients, research, and small farmers.
This document provides guidance on sampling and diagnosing various poultry respiratory diseases. It discusses the clinical signs, pathogens, and optimal samples for diagnosing diseases like avian influenza, Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, and mycoplasmosis. The document includes charts detailing the organ systems affected by each disease and the preferred diagnostic methods, such as PCR, virus isolation, or serology. It aims to help practitioners differentiate between diseases with similar respiratory signs and choose the appropriate diagnostic tests.
Fr antibiotic pesticide hormones & heavy metals fbabasahebkumbhar
This document discusses food safety and residues that can occur in animal products consumed by humans. It defines residues as substances from drugs, metals, or other sources that are transmitted to animal products and may harm human health. Acceptable daily intake and maximum residue limits for different substances are described. Common sources of residues include antibiotics, insecticides, hormones, and heavy metals. The document outlines potential health hazards to humans from residues, including allergic reactions, toxicity, and development of drug-resistant organisms. It emphasizes the need for controls and education to minimize residues entering the food supply.
Cryptosporidium hominis is a parasite with an infectious oocyst containing sporozoites that infect the gastrointestinal tract. It has a life cycle involving schizogony and production of gametocytes leading to oocysts shed in feces. Infection causes self-limiting diarrhea in immunocompetent hosts but severe, worsening diarrhea in immunocompromised patients. Diagnosis is via stool examination and staining techniques. Treatment options include nitazoxanide and azithromycin. Cryptosporidiosis is found worldwide but prevalence is higher in developing countries, being transmitted through contaminated water and causing outbreaks where water treatment is insufficient.
Groupers belongs to the family Serranidae.
⚫ Groupers are classified in 14 genera of the subfamily Epinephelinae, which comprises at least half the approximately 449 species in the family Serranidae.
⚫ Several grouper species have been raised on a commercial scale, but mostly by growing out captured wild juveniles.
Epidemiological research on brucellosis in India: Knowledge generated and gapsILRI
Presentation by Ram Pratim Deka, Johanna Lindahl and Delia Grace at a workshop on One Health approach for brucellosis control in India, New Delhi, India, 26 October 2017.
This document discusses avian influenza viruses and their role in inter-species transmission. It notes that influenza A viruses can infect multiple species including humans, birds, pigs, and other animals. These viruses are classified into subtypes based on their surface glycoproteins HA and NA. The virus is transmitted through contact with infected bird secretions or contaminated surfaces. It also discusses how low pathogenic avian influenza viruses can mutate into highly pathogenic forms, and how pigs may serve as an intermediate host for genetic reassortment between avian and human viruses, increasing pandemic potential in humans.
Food safety in the pork value chain and pathways towards safer pork in VietnamILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Pham Duc Phuc, Sinh Dang Xuan, Pham Van Hung, Huyen Le Thi Thanh, Tuyet-Hanh Tran Thi, Kohei Makita and Delia Grace at the 15th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 13 November 2018.
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is a parasitic protozoan that causes white spot disease in freshwater fish. It has a direct life cycle with three stages: the feeding trophont stage on the fish, the reproducing tomont stage in the environment, and the infective theront stage. Clinical signs include white spots on the skin and fins. Diagnosis is made by microscopic examination of spots and seeing the characteristic moving trophonts. Common treatments include formalin, malachite green, increased temperature, or salt, with the goal of targeting the free-living theront stage.
Dr. David Goldman - Meat/Poultry Antibiotic Residue Testing, Protecting Human...John Blue
1,552
(15.4% of
tests)
Market
Hogs
Heavy
Calves
# OF
VIOLATIVE
ANIMALs
# OF
POSITIVE
IN-PLANT
TESTS
# OF INPLANT
TESTS
SLTR
CLASS
128
(8.24% of
positives)
199
The document discusses antibiotic residue testing in meat and poultry by the USDA to protect human health. It provides an overview of the National Residue Program, including improvements made to increase annual sampling and use multi-residue screening methods. Preliminary data from the program in 2013 found violative
Fowl adenovirus: Using serology to control your flocksRafael Monleon
A presentation about Fowl Adenovirus in chickens. It provides insights on: etiology, pathology, monitoring and control among others.
Presented globally on September 9th 2014 via Watt Ag-Net Webinar by Dr. Rafael Monleon
Contact me in LinkedIn for any question: www.linkedin.com/rafaelmonleon
This document summarizes information about emerging foodborne pathogens and the complex modern food system. It discusses factors that allow microbes to adapt and become emerging pathogens, such as genetic mutations, stress responses, and antibiotic resistance. Specific emerging pathogens that pose food safety risks are described in detail, including enterohemorrhagic E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Vibrio species, Clostridium difficile, Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella species, and Enterobacter sakazakii. The document contrasts the modern global and industrialized food system with past local systems and reviews foodborne disease surveillance data.
Infectious Hypo dermal and Haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV).soumya sardar
This document summarizes information about infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), including that it is a small, non-enveloped virus that infects and replicates in various tissues of shrimp. It can cause cuticular deformities and reduced growth in infected shrimp species like Penaeus vannamei and P. stylirostris. The virus is stable and can remain infectious for many years when frozen. While no effective treatments exist, breeding for disease resistance and general husbandry practices like screening broodstock can help prevent its spread.
This document discusses infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus that causes a highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens. IBV infects the respiratory tract, kidneys, intestines, and reproductive organs of chickens. It is transmitted through the air, feces, and fomites. Clinical signs include respiratory signs like sneezing as well as decreased egg production and thin-shelled misshapen eggs. Gross lesions include caseous plugs in the bronchi and thickened bronchial mucosa. Microscopic lesions involve the tracheal, kidney, and oviduct tissues. Diagnosis involves observing clinical signs and lesions as well as virus isolation, immunodetection assays, and inoculation of embryonated
The document discusses the challenges of achieving global food security. It notes that the number of undernourished people has risen to over 1 billion and food access issues should be addressed by ensuring availability of food and quality/safety of food. A multi-dimensional approach is needed that considers the economics, politics, environment, and societal aspects of food security. Key challenges include poverty reduction, population growth, unequal income distribution, effects of climate change such as reduced crop yields, and use of food crops for non-food purposes like biofuels. Coordinated political action is required to effectively address the complex, interconnected issues related to achieving worldwide food security.
local names, definition, etiology,epidemiology lifecycle, pathogenesis, clinical findings, necropsy finding, diagnosis,treatment, control and prevention
The document discusses foodborne illness risks in the food service industry. It identifies five major risks: 1) the type of food and its intended use, 2) food handling, preparation, and processing, 3) equipment and facility layout, 4) management and employee food safety knowledge, and 5) the volume of food and typical patronage. It then discusses each of these risks in more detail. The document concludes by discussing the need for food safety and introducing Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) plans as a risk management measure to mitigate foodborne illness risks.
Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases that are transmitted between animals and humans. Some key points:
- Over 60% of known pathogens are zoonotic. Emerging diseases often originate from animal hosts.
- Transmission can occur directly, through a vector, or from humans to animals.
- Many common diseases started as zoonoses, such as measles, mumps, influenza and HIV.
- Potential carriers include many mammals, birds, arthropods.
- Zoonoses include bacteria, viruses, parasites, and prions causing diseases like rabies, anthrax, salmonellosis.
- Outbreaks can occur through exposure to infected animals at farms, markets, zoos. Foodborne
Conventional protein sources for aqua feedDr. Smit Lende
Aquaculture production reached 60 million tonnes in 2010 with a value of $119 billion, contributing 36.9% of total fisheries production. Over 46% of aquaculture depends on external feed inputs which are expensive. Fishmeal is the major protein source but supplies are limited and prices are high, creating an urgent need to find alternative protein sources like animal byproducts, plant proteins from soy, corn and oilseeds, and microbial sources like algae and yeast. Sustainable aquaculture feed development must consider economics, local ingredients, research, and small farmers.
This document provides guidance on sampling and diagnosing various poultry respiratory diseases. It discusses the clinical signs, pathogens, and optimal samples for diagnosing diseases like avian influenza, Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, and mycoplasmosis. The document includes charts detailing the organ systems affected by each disease and the preferred diagnostic methods, such as PCR, virus isolation, or serology. It aims to help practitioners differentiate between diseases with similar respiratory signs and choose the appropriate diagnostic tests.
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sothyra Tum, Chhay Ty, Melissa Young and Delia Grace at the Safe Food, Fair Food for Cambodia project final workshop, Cambodia, 21-22 June 2021.
Salmonella and Staphylococcus contamination in pork and chicken in Cambodian ...ILRI
Presented by Sothyra Tum, National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, Cambodia at the Taskforce and Stakeholder Meeting, Siem Reap, 24-25 October 2019.
Presented by Nguyen Viet Hung, Fred Unger, Dang Xuan Sinh, Tran Thi Tuyet Hanh, Delia Grace at the Vietnam Agricultural Outlook Conference 2016, Hanoi 27 May 2016
Assessment and perspective of Vietnamese consumers’ pork handling and eating ...ILRI
Poster by Sinh Dang-Xuan, Phuc Pham Duc, Fred Unger, Kohei Makita, Ngan Tran Thi, Hung Pham Van, Delia Grace and Hung Nguyen-Viet presented at the first joint conference of the Association of Institutions for Tropical Veterinary Medicine and the Society of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany, 4–8 September 2016.
Food safety research and training in informal/wet markets in Southeast AsiaILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Fred Unger, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Phuc Pham-Duc, Pham Van Hung, Sothyra Tum, Chhay Ty, Rortana Chea and Delia Grace at the 5th Asia-Pacific Food Safety International Virtual Conference, 27–28 January 2021.
Quantitative microbial risk assessment of salmonellosis from chicken and pork...ILRI
Presentation by Rortana Chea, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Johanna Lindahl, Delia Grace, Fred Unger, Sothyra Tum, Chhay Ty and Sofia Boqvist at the 2022 annual meeting of the International Association for Food Protection, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 31 July–3 August 2022.
Food safety assessment and challenges along small-scale pig systems in VietnamILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Phuc Pham-Duc, Pham Van Hung, Lucila Lapar, Karen Marshall, Duong Van Nhiem, Kohei Makita and Delia Grace at the first joint conference of the Association of Institutions for Tropical Veterinary Medicine and the Society of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany, 4–8 September 2016.
Animal health and food safety in smallholder pig value chains in VietnamILRI
Presented by Fred Unger, Lucy Lapar, Pham Van Hung, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Pham Hong Ngan, Duong Van Nhiem, Hung Nguyen-Viet and Deliaa Grace at the 4th Food Safety and Zoonoses Symposium for Asia Pacific and 2nd Regional EcoHealth Symposium, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 3-5 August 2015.
Risk assessment for Listeria monocytogenes in hot-smoked fish in informal mar...ILRI
Presentation by K. Bomfeh, K. Tano-Debrah, F.K. Saalia and B. Bediako-Amoa at the 17th Faculty of Science Colloquium, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana, 21 March 2012.
Safe food, fair food in South East Asia: Research and policyILRI
Hung Nguyen from the International Livestock Research Institute presented on food safety research and policy in Southeast Asia. The key points were:
1. Food safety is critical for achieving sustainable development goals but many developing countries lack capacity and incentives for safe food systems. Research involves situational analyses, risk assessments, and testing interventions along value chains in Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Bangladesh.
2. Case studies in Vietnam found risks of Salmonella and chemicals in pork but interventions like good agricultural practices and slaughterhouse improvements could reduce risks. Economic analyses found the costs of foodborne illnesses are high.
3. Capacity building includes developing food safety curricula, training ministry staff, and establishing a task force in
Risk based approach to food safety research: application to pork value chains...ILRI
Poster prepared by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Tran Thi Tuyet Hanh, Pham Duc Phuc, Delia Grace, Fred Unger and Kohei Makita for the 5th Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health (LCIRAH) Annual Research Conference, London, UK, 3-4 June 2015.
Risk-based approach for food safety applied to pork value chain in VietnamILRI
Poster prepared by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Tran Thi Tuyet Hanh, Pham Duc Phuc, Delia Grace, Fred Unger and Kohei Makita for the Safe Pork conference, Porto, Portugal, 7-10 September 2015.
Microbial contaminations in milk and identification of selected pathogenic ba...ILRI
Presentation by Fortunate Shija at the first international One Health conference of One Health Central and Eastern Africa (OHCEA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 23-27 September 2013.
Food safety challenges in smallholder pig value chains in Vietnam: From an as...ILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Lucy Lapar, Pham Van Hung, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Pham Hong Ngan, Karl Rich, Hung Nguyen-Viet and Delia Grace at the Safe Pork conference, Porto, Portugal, 7-10 September 2015.
An integrated approach to assessing and improving milk safety and nutrition i...ILRI
Presentation by G. Msalya, E. Joseph, F. Shija, L.R. Kurwijila, D. Grace, K Roesel, B Haesler, F Ogutu, A Fetsch, G Misinzo and H Nonga at the First African Regional Conference of the International Association on Ecology and Health (Africa 2013 Ecohealth), Grand-Bassam, Côte d'Ivoire, 1-5 October 2013.
Awareness of food safety along Ban pork value chain in Hoa Binh, a northern m...ILRI
1) The document examines awareness of food safety along the Ban pork value chain in Hoa Binh province of Vietnam. Interviews were conducted with 42 Ban pig producers, 11 slaughterhouses, 20 retailers, and 18 consumers.
2) Respondents showed poor knowledge of food safety risks. Producers were most concerned with chemical risks while downstream actors focused on microbial risks. All actors identified farmers as most responsible for ensuring food safety.
3) Recommended interventions included forming farmer cooperatives for better market linkages and developing certification programs. Establishing testing of pork safety in markets was also suggested.
Hygiene and microbial contamination along the pork value chain in VietnamILRI
Presentation by Sinh Dang-Xuan, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Phuc Pham Duc, Ngan Tran Thi, Thanh Nguyen Tien, Fred Unger, Kohei Makita and Delia Grace at the 4th Food Safety and Zoonoses Symposium for Asia Pacific and 2nd Regional EcoHealth Symposium, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 3-5 August 2015.
Semelhante a Food safety risk prioritization: Case studies from Asia (20)
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Preventing the next pandemic: a 12-slide primer on emerging zoonotic diseasesILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Preventing preventable diseases: a 12-slide primer on foodborne diseaseILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Preventing a post-antibiotic era: a 12-slide primer on antimicrobial resistanceILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
The Food Safety Working Group (FSWG) in Vietnam was created in 2015 at the request of the Deputy Prime Minister to address food safety issues in the country. It brings together government agencies, ministries, and development partners to facilitate joint policy dialogue and improve food safety. Over eight years of operations led by different organizations, the FSWG has contributed to various initiatives. However, it faces challenges of diminished government participation over time and dependence on active members. Going forward, it will strengthen its operations by integrating under Vietnam's One Health Partnership framework to better engage stakeholders and achieve policy impacts.
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDSSérgio Sacani
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
_Extraction of Ethylene oxide and 2-Chloroethanol from alternate matrices Li...LucyHearn1
How do you know your food is safe?
Last Friday was world World Food Safety Day, facilitated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) in which the slogan rightly says, 'food safety is everyone's business'. Due to this, I thought it would be worth sharing some data that I have worked on in this field!
Working at Markes International has really opened my eyes (and unfortunately my friends and family 🤣) to food safety and quality, especially with my recent application work on ethylene oxide and 2-chloroethanol residues in foodstuffs, as of the biggest global food recalls in history was and is still being implemented by the Rapid alert system for food and feed (RASFF) in 2021, for high levels of these carcinogenic compounds.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...Sérgio Sacani
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry 2003.pdf
Food safety risk prioritization: Case studies from Asia
1. Food safety risk prioritization:
Case studies from Asia
Hung Nguyen-Viet: Co-leader, ILRI Animal and Human Health Program, Kenya
Sinh Dang-Xuan: Postdoctoral scientist, ILRI Animal and Human Health Program, Vietnam
Delia Grace: Professor at Natural Resources Institute and joint-appointed scientist at ILRI, UK
2. 2
Context of foodborne diseases
Havelaar et al., 2015
Gibb et al., 2019 zoonoses
non zoonoses
Burden LMIC
Cost estimates for 2016 : > US$ 115 billion
Productivity loss 95
Illness treatment 15
Trade loss or cost 5 to 7
Domestic costs may be 20 times trade costs
Years of life lost annually for FBD
31 hazards
• 600 mio illnesses
• 480,000 deaths
• 41 million DALYs
4. 4
Approaches and solutions to food safety in LMICs
• Generate evidence: hazards and risks
• Develop solutions to improve food safety:
technological and institutional innovations
• Focus: informal markets, animal source food (ASF:
meat, milk and eggs) but also vegetables, pathogens
but also aflatoxin and chemical hazards
• Consideration: gender, nutrition, animal welfare
Risk
communication
Risk
management
Risk
assessment
Risk analysis framework
Risk-based approach
7. 7
Microbial and chemical risk assessment
• Salmonella risk pathways developed for producers, slaughterhouse and
consumers, quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) risk for consumer
• Chemical risk assessment: antibiotic residues, banned chemicals, heavy metals
1,275 samples (farms, slaughterhouse, market) collected during 1 year
PigRISK: Pork safety in Vietnam (2012-2017)
Farm Transportation to SH Slaughterhouse Consumers
Retailer
• Feed in bags, remaining feeds
at the cages, environment
• Pork
• Liver
• Kidney
• Consumption
survey
8. 8
• Sample size: 671 raw pork samples
o Traditional pork shops: 266 shops
o Modern pork shops: 123 shops
o Food services: 77 stalls
• Data collection:
o 1-5 pork sample per shop
o Food safety condition
• Laboratory testing
o Salmonella presence: 671 samples
o TBC (colony forming units (CFU)/g):
177 samples
Methodology Result
Salmonella prevalence TBC exceed standard
Traditional 60.5% 97.3%
Modern 50.9% 88%
Food
service
80.5% 94.6%
Overall 58.1% 93.8%
Associated factors to microbial contamination:
• Traditional shops:
o Use separate cloths
o Sewage or stagnant water
o Transportation time
• Modern shops:
o Selling many types of meat
o Storage temperature
9. 9
QMRA for salmonellosis
Age and gender groups
Estimated annual salmonellosis
incidence rate (Mean (90% CI)) (%)
Children (under 5 years old) 11.18 (0 – 45.05)
Adult female (6-60 years old) 16.41 (0.01 – 53.86)
Adult male (6-60 years old) 19.29 (0.04 – 59.06)
Elder (over 60 years old) 20.41 (0.09 – 60.76)
Overall 17.7 (0.89 – 45.96)
Dang Xuan Sinh et al, 2016, IJPH
• 94 million people
• Cases of foodborne diseases by
Salmonella in pork at 17%: 16
million get sick
• $ 107: cost of hospitalization/FBD
case
10. 10
Safe Food, Fair Food for Cambodia (2018-2021)
A nationwide multi-hazard survey in
markets in Cambodia found the
prevalence in meat (pork and chicken)
of Salmonella was 43% and of
Staphylococcus aureus was 31%.
The cost of illness of foodborne diarrhea
was USD 63 per case.
Sample type
N.
Specimen
N. positive both
Salmonella and S. aureus
Salmonella
positive
S. aureus
positive
Chicken 186 38 (20.4%) 84 (45.2%) 78 (41.9%)
Cuttingboard chicken 62 6 (9.7%) 26 (41.9%) 12 (19.4%)
Cuttingboard pork 62 1 (1.6%) 19 (30.6%) 7 (11.3%)
Pork 186 33 (17.7%) 85 (45.7%) 58 (31.2%)
Grand Total 496 78 (15.7%) 214 (43.1%) 155 (31.3%)
Cost National
Hospital
(n=44)
Referral
Hospital
(n=60)
Regiona
l Hosp.
(n=100)
Commu
nity
Clinic
(n=62)
Overall
(n=266)
Direct medical cost
[USD] 125.77 9.42 27.85 4.19 34.38
Direct non-medical
cost
[USD] 40.64 8.36 26.33 0.30 18.58
Indirect cost
[USD] 21.43 6.38 10.89 3.08 9.80
Total cost [USD] 185.88 24.16 65.07 7.57 62.76
11. 11
Incentives Technology &
training
ENABLING
ENVIRONMENT
Moral, Social,
Material
Capacitate VC actors
Inform, monitor &
legitimize VC actors
Build capacity &
motivation of regulators
Nudges
Interventions: the 3 legged stool
Policy,
infrastructure
Motivate & facilitate
behaviour change
Innovation
12. INTERVENTION
Results at SH
Grid
Hand disinfection liquid
Faucet
Installed grid
Re-organized water and
electrical system
Training for SH owners &
workers
Food safety intervention at slaughter in Vietnam
Photo credit: Sinh Dang Xuan/Chi Nguyen ILRI 2020
13. Handbooks
INTERVENTION
Development of Instruction & Training materials
Food safety intervention at slaughterhouse and retail (2018-2022)
Approach:
• Participatory risk-assessment
• Supportive formative research with model
retailers
• Risk communication
Key content*:
-Grid slaughter
-Frequent washing
(and disinfection)
-Training
-Separation
clean/dirty
-Branding
Key content:
-Easy to clean surface
-Frequent washing (and
disinfection)
-Separation (fresh/cooked)
-Training
-Hygienic cutting board
-Branding
*only Vietnam
14. Control: Vendors who practice
and operate their selling as usual
Current surface
(carton board)
Washing
detergent
Trial: Vendor who get our incentive and used
Easy to clean
table surface
Signpost
And Training
certificate
Apron
Tray
Trial retailers:
- 84% of the trial retailers had a good
knowledge of safe meat handling
compared to the control group
(44%)
- The KAP scores of retailers in the
intervention significantly improved.
MARKET VENDORS IN CAMBODIA
15. Impact of bacterial reduction from simple interventions at SH & MK
Pig slaughterhouse in Vietnam Baseline Middle Endline
Floor (Log CFU/cm2) 6.0 4.4* 4.6*
Worker hand (Log CFU/hand) 7.2 7.1 7.0
Pig carcass (Log CFU/cm2) 4.5 4.2 4.4
Pork shop in SFFF-Cambodia Control (n=180) Trial (n=180)
Marketed pork (Log CFU/g) 6.9 6.3*
Salmonella prevalence (%) in pork at traditional markets
Total bacterial count in pig slaughterhouses and marketed pork
Before After
17. 17
Next generation of food safety workers
Capacity building in meat inspection in Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia
18. 18
Net benefit of
seller
Net benefit of
consumer
Premium price x Pork sale Cost of intervention x Pork sale
–
=
– Premium price x Pork consumption
x
Cost of
salmonellosis
for each
severity
Reduction of
salmonellosis
probability
Prevalence
of severity
x
=
0.077 USD/kg
14,936 USD/case 6.3%/year
8.98 USD/year
(93%>0)
1,196 USD/year
(61.2% >0)
21. 21
Key messages
1. Food safety in informal/wet markets: high level of microbial
contamination along the value chains and high public concern
2. Risk based approach (hazard vs. risks) helps identify targeted
interventions and key stakeholders to improve food safety
3. Interventions: 3-legged stool/ECM to improve food safety, it
works!
4. Capacity building: trainings at different levels are key to improve
food safety
5. Strong engagement of high level ‘taskforce’, and other actors
(animal health workers, market managers, retailers) made
intervention implementation successful