ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation) is a life-saving therapy that provides temporary support for patients with severe respiratory or cardiac failure. It involves the use of a machine to oxygenate the blood and remove carbon dioxide outside the body, allowing the lungs and/or heart to rest and recover. ECMO is used in critical care settings and can be deployed in various scenarios, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cardiogenic shock, or as a bridge to lung or heart transplantation.

1. ECMO & THEIR BASICS

2. TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Introduction of ECMO
2. Principles of ECMO
3. History of ECMO
4. Components of ECMO
5. Working of ECMO
6. Types of ECMO
7. Patients management on ECMO
8. Complications of ECMO

3. INTRODUCTION OF ECMO
DEFINITION
In extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), blood is pumped
outside of the body to Heart-Lung machine that remove carbon dioxide
and send oxygen filled blood back to the tissue in the body.

4. PRINCIPLES OF ECMO
➢ Desaturated blood is drained via venous cannula
➢ CO2 is removed ,O2 added through an extracorporeal device
➢ The blood is then returned to systemic circulation via another vein
➢ (VV ECMO) or artery ( VA ECMO ).

5. HISTORY OF ECMO
Standard
practice for adult
in some centers
2000
First neonatal
case
(esperanza)
1975
First
successful
pediatric
cardiac case
done
1972
First
successful
case done
1971
Development
of membrane
oxygenator in
laboratory
1950’s
Trail in ARDS,
10% survival
1975-89
Standard
practice for
neonatal &
paediatrics in
some centers
1990

6. COMPONENTS OF ECMO
The basic components of ECMO circuit includes
1) A blood pump
2) Membrane oxygenator and heat exchanger
3) Controller
4) Cannulas
5) Tubings

7. WORKING OF ECMO

8. TYPES OF ECMO
There are 3 types of ECMO cannulation strategies :
1. VENO – VENOUS ( V-V ) ECMO
2. VENO – ARTERIAL ( V-A ) ECMO
3. ARTERIO – VENO ( A-V ) ECMO

9. PATIENT MANAGEMENT ON ECMO
1) Anticoagulation management
2) Ventilator management
3) Hemodynamic support
4) Infection control
5) Nutritional support
6) Neurological monitoring
7) Psychosocial support
8) Weaning and decannulation

10. COMPLICATIONS OF ECMO
The most common risk that may occur with ECMO include:
1. Bleeding
2. Blood clot(thromboembolism)
3. Blood clotting disorder(coagulopathy)
4. Infection
5. Loss of blood from hands,feets & legs(limb ischemia)
6. Seizures
7. Stroke

11. ECMO MACHINE TRANSFORMATIONS

12. FIRST SUCCESSFUL PATIENT & NEONATAL SURVIVOR

13. ECMO IS BRIDGE FOR HEART & LUNG

14. THANK YOU!