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Semelhante a EUROPEAN UNION.pptx
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EUROPEAN UNION.pptx
- 1. Presentation 2023 Anand R S Sreyas M P
- 2. The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 European countries that have come together to promote economic cooperation, political stability, and shared values among its member states. It is one of the most significant and ambitious regional integration projects in the world Introduction
- 3. HISTORY established the European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy Community. These communities aimed to create a common market, remove trade barriers, and promote economic cooperation among the same six founding members the EEC expanded to include more member states. In 1973, the United Kingdom, Denmark, and Ireland joined. Greece joined in 1981, followed by Spain and Portugal in 1986.The Single European Act of 1986 set the goal of creating a single market by 1993 It introduced the three pillars of the EU: the European Communities (economic and political integration), the Common Foreign and Security Policy, and Police and Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters. It also introduced the concept of European citizenship. Post-World War II Origins (1945-1951): Expansion and Single Market (1973-1993): Treaty of Rome (1957): Maastricht Treaty (1992): 1 2 3 4 The devastation of World War II prompted European leaders to seek ways to prevent future conflicts. The idea of economic cooperation was seen as a way to foster peace and prosperity.
- 4. HISTORY The EU continued to expand, with Austria, Finland, and Sweden joining in 1995. Several countries from Central and Eastern Europe, as well as Cyprus and Malta, joined in the early 2000s. The euro (€) was introduced as an electronic currency in 1999 and as physical banknotes and coins in 2002 in 12 EU countries. The euro is now the official currency in 19 of the 27 EU member states. The Lisbon Treaty, signed in 2007 and in force from 2009, reformed and simplified the EU's decision-making processes, giving more powers to the European Parliament and establishing the position of the President of the European Council. The EU has faced challenges such as the global economic crisis, the migration crisis, and the decision by the United Kingdom to leave the EU (Brexit) in 2016.The EU has continued to expand, with Croatia becoming the most recent member to join in 2013. Further Enlargements (1995-2013): Lisbon Treaty (2007): Introduction of the Euro (1999-2002): Challenges and Expansions (2013-Present): 5 6 7 8
- 7. EUROPEAN COMMISSION • The European Commission is the executive branch of the EU. • It is responsible for proposing and implementing EU policies, managing the EU budget, and representing the EU in international matters. • The EC is composed of one commissioner from each EU member state.
- 8. EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT • The European Parliament is the directly elected legislative body of the EU. • It plays a central role in passing EU legislation, monitoring other EU institutions, and representing the interests of EU citizens. • The number of Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) is determined by the population of each member state.
- 9. EUROPEAN COUNCIL • The Council of the EU represents the national governments of EU member states. • It shares legislative and decision-making powers with the European Parliament. • The Council is organized into various configurations, each dealing with specific policy areas, such as finance, foreign affairs, and justice.
- 10. EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK • The European Central Bank is responsible for the monetary policy of the Eurozone. • It manages the euro currency and aims to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. • The European Court of Auditors reviews the EU's finances to ensure that EU funds are used correctly and effectively.
- 11. EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE • The EESC provides a forum for representatives of various economic and social interest groups to give their views on EU policies. • The Committee of the Regions represents local and regional authorities within the EU, ensuring that their interests are taken into account in EU decision-making.
- 12. EU GOVERNANCE
- 13. EU institutions have authority over certain policy areas, while intergovernmental means that member states retain control over others. 01 INTERGOVERNMENTAL GOVERNANCE 02 03 04 The EU's governance is based on treaties, which are legally binding agreements between member states TREATIES AND DECISION- MAKING The EU is founded on principles such as democracy, the rule of law, and respect for human rights RULE OF LAW AND FUNDAMENTAL VALUES The EU also encourages public participation through consultations, open dialogues, and civil society engagement, helping to make the decision- making process more transparent PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
- 19. The United Kingdom's decision to leave the EU (Brexit) in 2020 was a significant challenge. It raised questions about the EU's future and its relationships with non- member states. Brexit The EU has faced challenges related to the management of migration flows, with debates on issues like border control, the distribution of refugees among member states, and the conditions in migrant camps. Migration and Asylum Economic disparities exist among EU member states, leading to tensions. Some countries argue that they bear a disproportionate burden or that EU policies favor wealthier states. Economic Disparities Economic crises, such as the 2008 financial crisis and the eurozone crisis, have tested the EU's ability to coordinate economic policies and maintain stability. Economic Challenges
- 20. Critics argue that the EU has not gone far enough in addressing environmental and climate issues, despite initiatives like the European Green Deal. Environmental and Climate Concerns The EU faces the challenge of balancing the interests of Eurozone countries with those outside the euro, and ensuring the stability of the single currency. Managing the Eurozone Several member states have faced criticism for potential breaches of the rule of law and democratic values, leading to tensions within the EU and calls for enforcement mechanisms. Rule of Law Some member states have seen the rise of nationalist and populist movements, challenging the principles of unity and cooperation within the EU. Nationalism
- 21. THANK YOU