This document discusses commonly used antibiotics in dentistry. It defines antibiotics as substances produced by microorganisms or synthetically that kill or suppress the growth of other microorganisms. The document then lists several classes of antibiotics including penicillins like amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cephalosporins like cephalexin and ceftriaxone, macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, metronidazole, lincomycin, and tinidazole. For each antibiotic, it provides therapeutic uses, dosage forms, contraindications, and cautions.

1. Drugs used in dentistry
Presented by:
Muntadher najm

2. Objectives
▶Define the term “antibiotic”
▶list the names of commonly used
antibiotics
▶Identify therapeutic uses,side effects,and
dosage forms of major antiibiotics

3. Common Abberviations
Qid= 1 X 4 day(four times aday)
Tid = 1 X 3 day(three times aday)
Bid = 1 X Twice day(twice aday)
q8h =every 8 hour.
qd = every day.
qad/ qod = every alternative day /every
other day

4. Drugs in
dentistry
ANALGESICS
ANTIBIOTICS
ANTIFUNGALS ANTIVIRALS
CORTICOSTEROIDS

5. What is an ANTIBIOTICS
"Antibiotic" is from antibiosis ,
meaning against life.
▶Substances dervied from a
microorganism or produced synthetically
(Sulfonamids & Quinolones) to kill or
suppress the growth of other
microorganisms.

6. Treatment of odontogenic
infection
Treatment of
nonodontogenic infection
Prevention of focal
infection
Prevention of local
infection
Indication of
antibiotics

7. ANTIBIOTICS
.Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin and clavulanate acid
Tinidazole
Cephalosporins
Macrolides
Cipro
fl
oxacin
Tetracycline
Metronidazole

8. ANTIBIOTICS
PENICILLINS•
▶AMOXYCILLIN:
🟦Indication_
1)Dentoalveolar abscesses
2)Infection around the wisdom teeth or
3)Infection that develop after surgery as antibiotic prophylaxis

9. Contraindications :
• Penicillin hypersensitivity
Adverse effect:
diarrhoea,nausa,vomiting
Dosage form :
Amo x i l cap . 250mg, 500mg,1000mg
Amo x il oral susp. 125mg/5ml, 250mg/5ml.
Vial 500mg,

10. ▶AMOXYCILLIN + CLAVULANIC
ACID(Augmentin):
🟦Indications
1)Dentoalveolar infections those are
resistant to other penicillin
2)Complicated tooth infection
3)Complicated root canal infection
4)Complicated abscesses,especially
those extending into the sinuses,gums
and bone
5)Gum infections that haven’t responded
to other drugs
6)placement of dental implants in the
upper sinus

11. Dosage form:
.Augmentin tablet 1g containing: (Amoxicillin875mg+ clavulanate potassium
(125mg,Tab 625mg)
. Augmentin oral suspension 457mg/5ml containing: (Amoxicillin 400mg +
clavulanate potassium 57mg)
Contraindications :
• Penicillin hypersensitivity.
• History of jaundice associated with amoxicillin/Clavulanate.

12. Cephalosporins.
▶Cephalexin(First-generation Cephalosporins)
Indications :
• Gram +ve and gram -ve bacterial
infections.
• Alternatives to penicillin for the
treatment of odontogenic
infections.

13. Contraindications :
• Cephalosporins hypersensitivity.
Side Effects :
Diarrhea, Abdominal or stomach pain, dizziness
fever
general tiredness and weakness
headache
itching or rash, nausea and vomiting
Dosage form :
Kefle x cap . 250mg, 500mg.
.ora l s u sp . 250mg/5ml

14. ▶Suprax (cefixime)
Indication :
Indicated for
complicated infections
As bone lnfection

15. Dosage form :
Hypersensitivity from this drug
Cap 200mg ،Cap 400mg
Syrup 100mg/5ml
Contraindications :

16. ▶Ceftriaxone (Third-generation cephalosporins)
Indication :
• Treat a wide variety of
bacterial infections.
hypersensitivity; hyperbilirubinemic
neonates, particularly those who are
premature; neonates <28 days if they
receive calcium-containing IV products
Contraindication :

17. Dosage form :
Cautions:
• Renal / hepatic impairment.
• Previous mild allergic reaction to penicillin of
similars .
0.5 g ,1 g vial IM ,lV

18. Macrolides (erythromycin,
azithromycin and clarithromycin)
▶Azithromycin :
Indication :
1)Allergy to penicillin
2)Used in odontogenic infection
in patients with known hypersensitivity to
azithromycin, or any other macrolide and in
hepatic disease
Contraindications :

19. Adverse effect :
Dosage form :
Cap ,tab 250 +500
Syrup 200/5ml

20. Aminoglycoside
▶Amikacin :
Indication :
used to treat infections
caused by more resistant
strains of Gram negative
bacteria and some Gram
positive bacteria

21. Dosage form :
Contraindications :
Adverse effect :
vial 100 ' 500 mg
Amp
Injection site reaction,ototoxicity ,nephrotoxicity
A history of hypersensitivity to amikacin

22. ▶Tetracycline :
• Gram -ve and gram +ve
bacterial infection.
Indication :
Contraindications :
• Tetracycline hypersensitivity.
• Children <12 years.
• During pregnancy.

23. Cautions:
• May cause tooth discoloration if
taking during tooth devel- opment.
Dosage form :
• 250mg
• 500mg
Tetracycline cap

24. Indications :
• Anaerobic bacteria
and protozoa
infection.
• ANUG (acute
necrotizing ulcerative
gingivitis).
▶Metronidazole
(Flagyl)

25. • Severe liver impairment.
• First trimester of pregnancy.
• History of seizures.
• Metronidazole hypersensitivity,People take alcohol
Contraindications :
Cautions:
Dosage form :
tablet
• 250mg 500mg
Suryp200mg/
5ml
Vial 500mg/100ml

26. ▶Lincomycin :( is a
class of strong antibiotics)
lincosamide
Indications :
treatment of odontogenic infections,
acute and chronic osteomyelitis, soft-
tissue infections, and subacute
bacterial endocarditis

27. Contraindications :
Dosage form :
Hypersensitivity to lincomycin or clindamycin
vial 600 ,cap 300
Pseudomembranous colitis
(C. difficile)-associated diarrhea

28. ▶Tinidazole :
• Anaerobic bacteria and protozoa!
infections.
• Post-operative wound infections.
• Skin and soft tissue infections.
• Acute ulcerative gingivitis.
• Abscess.
Indications :

29. Contraindications :
Dosage form :
• Tinidazole hypersensitivity.
• Patients having, or with a
history of blood disorder.
• Neurological disorders,
Including epilepsy.
• Pregnancy & breastfeeding.
tab. 500mg.
• Alcoholic beverages avoided
during Fasigyn therapy, be-
cause of the possibility of a
disulfiram-like reaction.
Cautions: