- Rotator cuff tears are a common shoulder injury, especially in overhead sports or jobs involving repetitive arm movements.
- The rotator cuff is made up of four muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint and allow for arm movement.
- Rotator cuff tears can be caused by acute injuries like falls or repetitive stress/overuse from activities like throwing.
- Symptoms include shoulder pain and weakness, especially with overhead motions. Exams involve range of motion and strength tests.
- Treatment may include rest, anti-inflammatories, physical therapy, corticosteroid injections, or surgery to repair the tear.
This document provides information on painful arc syndrome, also known as impingement syndrome. It begins with an introduction that describes the rotator cuff muscles and how the supraspinatus tendon can impinge on the acromion bone. It then defines impingement syndrome and lists common signs and symptoms such as pain when lifting the arm overhead. Causes include bony spurs and thickening of tissues that narrow the space for the tendon. Diagnosis involves physical exams like the Neer and Hawkins-Kennedy tests. Treatment options progress from rest, medication and physical therapy to corticosteroid injections and surgery if conservative measures fail.
The shoulder is a ball and joint connection of three bones - the clavicle, scapula, and humerus. It allows a wide range of motion but is stabilized by muscles like the rotator cuff. Common shoulder issues include rotator cuff tears, which can occur from age or overuse and cause pain and weakness, impingement syndrome from narrowing of spaces around tendons, and calcific tendinitis where calcium deposits form in tendons. Treatment ranges from rest, physiotherapy, and injections to surgery for severe or persistent cases.
This document provides an overview of MRI of the shoulder. It begins with shoulder anatomy including the bones, muscles, ligaments and tendons. It then discusses the indications for shoulder MRI such as rotator cuff tears, instability, frozen shoulder, and tumors. The document reviews equipment, positioning, sequences and techniques. It describes common shoulder pathologies like rotator cuff tears, bursitis and shoulder separation. Finally, it discusses image quality and artifacts that can appear on shoulder MRI.
Dr. Shubham Patel specializes in orthopaedics and treats fractures of the upper and lower limbs. Orthopaedics involves the musculoskeletal system. Common upper limb fractures include the clavicle, scapula, humerus, elbow, radius, and Colles' fracture of the wrist. Lower limb fractures include the femur neck and shaft, tibia, and hip dislocations. Treatment depends on the fracture type but may involve closed reduction, casting, surgery such as open reduction and plating, or hip dislocation reduction. Complications can include nonunion, malunion, stiffness, and avascular necrosis.
The document summarizes anatomy and common injuries of the upper extremities, including the shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. It describes the bones, joints, ligaments, and muscles of the shoulder and elbow. It then discusses common shoulder conditions like rotator cuff tears, dislocations, and bursitis. It also reviews elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand fractures and other injuries, along with mechanisms of injury, signs, symptoms, and treatment approaches.
The document summarizes anatomy and common injuries of the upper extremities, including the shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. It describes the bones, joints, ligaments, and muscles of the shoulder and elbow. It then discusses common shoulder conditions like rotator cuff tears, dislocations, and bursitis. It also reviews elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand fractures and other injuries, along with associated signs, symptoms, treatments.
- Rotator cuff tears are a common shoulder injury, especially in overhead sports or jobs involving repetitive arm movements.
- The rotator cuff is made up of four muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint and allow for arm movement.
- Rotator cuff tears can be caused by acute injuries like falls or repetitive stress/overuse from activities like throwing.
- Symptoms include shoulder pain and weakness, especially with overhead motions. Exams involve range of motion and strength tests.
- Treatment may include rest, anti-inflammatories, physical therapy, corticosteroid injections, or surgery to repair the tear.
This document provides information on painful arc syndrome, also known as impingement syndrome. It begins with an introduction that describes the rotator cuff muscles and how the supraspinatus tendon can impinge on the acromion bone. It then defines impingement syndrome and lists common signs and symptoms such as pain when lifting the arm overhead. Causes include bony spurs and thickening of tissues that narrow the space for the tendon. Diagnosis involves physical exams like the Neer and Hawkins-Kennedy tests. Treatment options progress from rest, medication and physical therapy to corticosteroid injections and surgery if conservative measures fail.
The shoulder is a ball and joint connection of three bones - the clavicle, scapula, and humerus. It allows a wide range of motion but is stabilized by muscles like the rotator cuff. Common shoulder issues include rotator cuff tears, which can occur from age or overuse and cause pain and weakness, impingement syndrome from narrowing of spaces around tendons, and calcific tendinitis where calcium deposits form in tendons. Treatment ranges from rest, physiotherapy, and injections to surgery for severe or persistent cases.
This document provides an overview of MRI of the shoulder. It begins with shoulder anatomy including the bones, muscles, ligaments and tendons. It then discusses the indications for shoulder MRI such as rotator cuff tears, instability, frozen shoulder, and tumors. The document reviews equipment, positioning, sequences and techniques. It describes common shoulder pathologies like rotator cuff tears, bursitis and shoulder separation. Finally, it discusses image quality and artifacts that can appear on shoulder MRI.
Dr. Shubham Patel specializes in orthopaedics and treats fractures of the upper and lower limbs. Orthopaedics involves the musculoskeletal system. Common upper limb fractures include the clavicle, scapula, humerus, elbow, radius, and Colles' fracture of the wrist. Lower limb fractures include the femur neck and shaft, tibia, and hip dislocations. Treatment depends on the fracture type but may involve closed reduction, casting, surgery such as open reduction and plating, or hip dislocation reduction. Complications can include nonunion, malunion, stiffness, and avascular necrosis.
The document summarizes anatomy and common injuries of the upper extremities, including the shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. It describes the bones, joints, ligaments, and muscles of the shoulder and elbow. It then discusses common shoulder conditions like rotator cuff tears, dislocations, and bursitis. It also reviews elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand fractures and other injuries, along with mechanisms of injury, signs, symptoms, and treatment approaches.
The document summarizes anatomy and common injuries of the upper extremities, including the shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. It describes the bones, joints, ligaments, and muscles of the shoulder and elbow. It then discusses common shoulder conditions like rotator cuff tears, dislocations, and bursitis. It also reviews elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand fractures and other injuries, along with associated signs, symptoms, treatments.
This document discusses the management of hip dislocations. It covers the anatomy of the hip joint, mechanisms of injury, classification systems, clinical evaluation including imaging, closed and open reduction techniques, postoperative management, and complications. The key points are that early reduction within 6 hours can decrease the risk of avascular necrosis, multiple imaging views may be needed, and surgical treatment is often required for irreducible, unstable, or incongruent dislocations. Complications include avascular necrosis, osteoarthritis, recurrent dislocation, and nerve injury.
This document provides an overview of rotator cuff injuries, including anatomy, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It describes how the rotator cuff is composed of four tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint. Rotator cuff tears occur when one or more of these tendons becomes damaged and can range from partial to full thickness. Symptoms may include shoulder pain that is worsened with movement. Diagnosis involves physical examination along with imaging tests like x-rays, MRI, or ultrasound. Treatment options include non-operative measures like medication and physical therapy or surgical repair if conservative treatment fails.
This document discusses the anatomy, biomechanics, causes of stiffness, classification, and surgical and non-surgical treatment options for elbow contractures. It covers the relevant bones and joints, range of motion, causes of stiffness like trauma and arthritis, physical therapy approaches like splinting and motion, and surgical procedures for releasing soft tissues and reconstructing the joint surface.
The document discusses fractures of the upper limb, specifically focusing on fractures of the elbow joint, radial head, and distal radius. It provides details on the anatomy, mechanisms of injury, classification systems, clinical presentation, treatment approaches, and potential complications for each type of fracture. For elbow fractures, closed and open reduction techniques are described for treating dislocations. Radial head fractures are classified using the Mason system and can be managed non-operatively or surgically with fixation or excision. Distal radius fractures commonly result from falls and involve the articular surfaces, with treatment depending on the degree of displacement.
Rotator cuff injuries can occur due to overuse, trauma, or age-related degeneration. Common causes include repetitive overhead activities in sports or occupations. Symptoms include shoulder pain that is worsened by movement. Diagnosis involves physical examination and may include imaging tests like MRI. Treatment ranges from rest, ice, and anti-inflammatories for mild cases to surgery to repair torn tendons in more severe cases. Rehabilitation focuses on restoring range of motion and strength through a progressive series of exercises.
This document provides an overview of shoulder anatomy and common shoulder conditions. It discusses the bones, joints, muscles and other structures of the shoulder. Key pathologies covered include impingement syndrome, rotator cuff injuries, adhesive capsulitis, acromioclavicular joint problems, and recurrent shoulder dislocations. For each condition, the document outlines causes, symptoms, diagnostic approaches and treatment options. Surgical and non-surgical management techniques are described.
The document discusses shoulder anatomy and common shoulder conditions including:
- Impingement syndrome which occurs when the rotator cuff is pinched between the acromion and humerus bone. Risk factors include age over 40 and overhead activities. Treatment involves rest, physiotherapy, and surgery if conservative measures fail.
- Rotator cuff pathology which can cause tears. Causes include overuse or trauma. Treatment depends on the size and chronicity of the tear and may involve surgery.
- Adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) which causes pain and stiffness. It typically resolves over 2 years with physiotherapy and injections.
- Acromioclavicular joint pathology like arthritis which can cause pain
This document discusses hip dislocation, including:
- Hip dislocation occurs when the ball at the top of the femur moves out of the socket in the pelvis.
- There are three main types of hip dislocation - posterior, anterior, and central. Each type results from different traumatic forces on the hip joint.
- Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging like x-rays, and analysis of the injury mechanism. Treatment depends on the type of dislocation but may involve closed or open reduction as well as immobilization and rehabilitation. Complications can include avascular necrosis, arthritis, and nerve injury.
This document discusses shoulder dislocation, including its definition, anatomy of the shoulder joint, classification, clinical evaluation, diagnosis, and management. It begins with defining shoulder dislocation as the separation of the humeral head from the glenoid cavity. It then describes the anatomy of the shoulder joint and stabilizing structures. The document classifies dislocations as anterior, posterior, or inferior, and describes the mechanisms of injury, clinical findings, and risks of associated injuries for each. It concludes by outlining techniques for reducing anterior, posterior, and inferior dislocations, as well as post-reduction care and complications.
The document discusses several aspects of the shoulder joint, including soft tissues like ligaments and tendons, bones like the humerus and scapula, and cartilage structures like the labrum. It describes the locations and functions of key structures like the rotator cuff muscles, biceps tendon, coracoacromial ligament, and bursa that work together to allow movement and stability in the shoulder joint.
This document discusses scapular dyskinesis and rotator cuff syndrome. It defines scapular dyskinesis as an alteration in the normal position or motion of the scapula during shoulder movements. Scapular dyskinesis is associated with rotator cuff problems and glenohumeral instability. It also presents various tests to identify scapular dyskinesis such as the scapular assistance test. The document then discusses rotator cuff syndrome, defining it as disorders of the rotator cuff muscles including tears, impingement, and tendinitis. It describes the anatomy of the rotator cuff and various classifications of tears.
1) Frozen shoulder is characterized by a stiff and painful shoulder with dense capsular adhesions and significant loss of range of motion over 3-4 stages lasting 2-3 years.
2) Symptoms include dull shoulder pain worsened by movement. Examination reveals limited active and passive range of motion in all directions.
3) Treatment includes oral anti-inflammatory medications, corticosteroid injections, physical therapy focusing on stretching and range of motion exercises, and sometimes manipulation or surgery.
This document provides an overview of hip dislocations and femoral head fractures. It discusses the anatomy of the hip joint, mechanisms of injury, classification systems, evaluation, management, and treatment options. The key points are:
- Hip dislocations are usually caused by high-energy trauma and often involve other injuries. They can damage the blood supply to the femoral head.
- Reduction of the dislocated hip should be done emergently to restore blood flow and reduce the risk of avascular necrosis. Closed reduction under anesthesia is preferred but surgery may be needed for irreducible or unstable cases.
- Associated injuries like femoral neck fractures or large bone fragments require operative treatment. The goal is to achieve a stable, congr
- Shoulder dislocations are commonly caused by trauma that places the shoulder in positions of extreme range of motion. Anterior dislocations are the most common type.
- The shoulder joint is inherently unstable due to its anatomy, relying on both passive structures like the labrum and ligaments as well as active stabilizers like muscles.
- Clinical evaluation and radiographs are used to diagnose the type of dislocation and assess for complications like fractures.
- Treatment involves closed reduction for most acute dislocations. Recurrent or complicated dislocations may require surgery and immobilization followed by physical therapy.
Supra condylar humerus fracture in childrenSubodh Pathak
Upper-extremity fractures account for 65-75% of all fractures in children, with 7-9% involving the elbow. Supracondylar fractures of the distal humerus are the most common elbow injuries in children, typically occurring between ages 5-10 years old. These fractures are classified into Types 1-3 based on displacement. Type 1 fractures are non-displaced, Type 2 have angulation/displacement with an intact posterior cortex, and Type 3 have complete displacement of fragments. Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning is the most common treatment, with pins placed medially and laterally for stability. Open reduction is rarely needed but may be indicated for inadequate closed reduction or vascular injury.
Bicipital tendonitis is inflammation of long head of the biceps tendon under the bicipital groove.
In early stage, tendon becomes red and swollen, as tendonitis develops the tendon sheath can thicken.
In late stage, often become dark red in color due to inflammation.
Bicipital tendonitis is inflammation of long head of the biceps tendon under the bicipital groove.
In early stage, tendon becomes red and swollen, as tendonitis develops the tendon sheath can thicken.
In late stage, often become dark red in color due to inflammation.
This document discusses the management of hip dislocations. It covers the anatomy of the hip joint, mechanisms of injury, classification systems, clinical evaluation including imaging, closed and open reduction techniques, postoperative management, and complications. The key points are that early reduction within 6 hours can decrease the risk of avascular necrosis, multiple imaging views may be needed, and surgical treatment is often required for irreducible, unstable, or incongruent dislocations. Complications include avascular necrosis, osteoarthritis, recurrent dislocation, and nerve injury.
This document provides an overview of rotator cuff injuries, including anatomy, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It describes how the rotator cuff is composed of four tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint. Rotator cuff tears occur when one or more of these tendons becomes damaged and can range from partial to full thickness. Symptoms may include shoulder pain that is worsened with movement. Diagnosis involves physical examination along with imaging tests like x-rays, MRI, or ultrasound. Treatment options include non-operative measures like medication and physical therapy or surgical repair if conservative treatment fails.
This document discusses the anatomy, biomechanics, causes of stiffness, classification, and surgical and non-surgical treatment options for elbow contractures. It covers the relevant bones and joints, range of motion, causes of stiffness like trauma and arthritis, physical therapy approaches like splinting and motion, and surgical procedures for releasing soft tissues and reconstructing the joint surface.
The document discusses fractures of the upper limb, specifically focusing on fractures of the elbow joint, radial head, and distal radius. It provides details on the anatomy, mechanisms of injury, classification systems, clinical presentation, treatment approaches, and potential complications for each type of fracture. For elbow fractures, closed and open reduction techniques are described for treating dislocations. Radial head fractures are classified using the Mason system and can be managed non-operatively or surgically with fixation or excision. Distal radius fractures commonly result from falls and involve the articular surfaces, with treatment depending on the degree of displacement.
Rotator cuff injuries can occur due to overuse, trauma, or age-related degeneration. Common causes include repetitive overhead activities in sports or occupations. Symptoms include shoulder pain that is worsened by movement. Diagnosis involves physical examination and may include imaging tests like MRI. Treatment ranges from rest, ice, and anti-inflammatories for mild cases to surgery to repair torn tendons in more severe cases. Rehabilitation focuses on restoring range of motion and strength through a progressive series of exercises.
This document provides an overview of shoulder anatomy and common shoulder conditions. It discusses the bones, joints, muscles and other structures of the shoulder. Key pathologies covered include impingement syndrome, rotator cuff injuries, adhesive capsulitis, acromioclavicular joint problems, and recurrent shoulder dislocations. For each condition, the document outlines causes, symptoms, diagnostic approaches and treatment options. Surgical and non-surgical management techniques are described.
The document discusses shoulder anatomy and common shoulder conditions including:
- Impingement syndrome which occurs when the rotator cuff is pinched between the acromion and humerus bone. Risk factors include age over 40 and overhead activities. Treatment involves rest, physiotherapy, and surgery if conservative measures fail.
- Rotator cuff pathology which can cause tears. Causes include overuse or trauma. Treatment depends on the size and chronicity of the tear and may involve surgery.
- Adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) which causes pain and stiffness. It typically resolves over 2 years with physiotherapy and injections.
- Acromioclavicular joint pathology like arthritis which can cause pain
This document discusses hip dislocation, including:
- Hip dislocation occurs when the ball at the top of the femur moves out of the socket in the pelvis.
- There are three main types of hip dislocation - posterior, anterior, and central. Each type results from different traumatic forces on the hip joint.
- Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging like x-rays, and analysis of the injury mechanism. Treatment depends on the type of dislocation but may involve closed or open reduction as well as immobilization and rehabilitation. Complications can include avascular necrosis, arthritis, and nerve injury.
This document discusses shoulder dislocation, including its definition, anatomy of the shoulder joint, classification, clinical evaluation, diagnosis, and management. It begins with defining shoulder dislocation as the separation of the humeral head from the glenoid cavity. It then describes the anatomy of the shoulder joint and stabilizing structures. The document classifies dislocations as anterior, posterior, or inferior, and describes the mechanisms of injury, clinical findings, and risks of associated injuries for each. It concludes by outlining techniques for reducing anterior, posterior, and inferior dislocations, as well as post-reduction care and complications.
The document discusses several aspects of the shoulder joint, including soft tissues like ligaments and tendons, bones like the humerus and scapula, and cartilage structures like the labrum. It describes the locations and functions of key structures like the rotator cuff muscles, biceps tendon, coracoacromial ligament, and bursa that work together to allow movement and stability in the shoulder joint.
This document discusses scapular dyskinesis and rotator cuff syndrome. It defines scapular dyskinesis as an alteration in the normal position or motion of the scapula during shoulder movements. Scapular dyskinesis is associated with rotator cuff problems and glenohumeral instability. It also presents various tests to identify scapular dyskinesis such as the scapular assistance test. The document then discusses rotator cuff syndrome, defining it as disorders of the rotator cuff muscles including tears, impingement, and tendinitis. It describes the anatomy of the rotator cuff and various classifications of tears.
1) Frozen shoulder is characterized by a stiff and painful shoulder with dense capsular adhesions and significant loss of range of motion over 3-4 stages lasting 2-3 years.
2) Symptoms include dull shoulder pain worsened by movement. Examination reveals limited active and passive range of motion in all directions.
3) Treatment includes oral anti-inflammatory medications, corticosteroid injections, physical therapy focusing on stretching and range of motion exercises, and sometimes manipulation or surgery.
This document provides an overview of hip dislocations and femoral head fractures. It discusses the anatomy of the hip joint, mechanisms of injury, classification systems, evaluation, management, and treatment options. The key points are:
- Hip dislocations are usually caused by high-energy trauma and often involve other injuries. They can damage the blood supply to the femoral head.
- Reduction of the dislocated hip should be done emergently to restore blood flow and reduce the risk of avascular necrosis. Closed reduction under anesthesia is preferred but surgery may be needed for irreducible or unstable cases.
- Associated injuries like femoral neck fractures or large bone fragments require operative treatment. The goal is to achieve a stable, congr
- Shoulder dislocations are commonly caused by trauma that places the shoulder in positions of extreme range of motion. Anterior dislocations are the most common type.
- The shoulder joint is inherently unstable due to its anatomy, relying on both passive structures like the labrum and ligaments as well as active stabilizers like muscles.
- Clinical evaluation and radiographs are used to diagnose the type of dislocation and assess for complications like fractures.
- Treatment involves closed reduction for most acute dislocations. Recurrent or complicated dislocations may require surgery and immobilization followed by physical therapy.
Supra condylar humerus fracture in childrenSubodh Pathak
Upper-extremity fractures account for 65-75% of all fractures in children, with 7-9% involving the elbow. Supracondylar fractures of the distal humerus are the most common elbow injuries in children, typically occurring between ages 5-10 years old. These fractures are classified into Types 1-3 based on displacement. Type 1 fractures are non-displaced, Type 2 have angulation/displacement with an intact posterior cortex, and Type 3 have complete displacement of fragments. Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning is the most common treatment, with pins placed medially and laterally for stability. Open reduction is rarely needed but may be indicated for inadequate closed reduction or vascular injury.
Bicipital tendonitis is inflammation of long head of the biceps tendon under the bicipital groove.
In early stage, tendon becomes red and swollen, as tendonitis develops the tendon sheath can thicken.
In late stage, often become dark red in color due to inflammation.
Bicipital tendonitis is inflammation of long head of the biceps tendon under the bicipital groove.
In early stage, tendon becomes red and swollen, as tendonitis develops the tendon sheath can thicken.
In late stage, often become dark red in color due to inflammation.
Semelhante a D. Ihsan Rotator Cuff Disorders-4 (Muhadharaty).pptx (20)
د. عمار الياسري shoulder and pectoral girdle-5 (Muhadharaty).pptxhussainAltaher
The document discusses various disorders of the shoulder and pectoral girdle, including:
- Rotator cuff disorders like impingement syndrome and tears, which can cause pain and weakness. Conservative treatments include physiotherapy, while surgery may be needed for tears.
- Shoulder instability, which can be traumatic from injury, atraumatic from overuse, or muscular in nature. Treatments range from physiotherapy to surgical repairs or plications.
- Other conditions discussed include adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder), biceps tendon disorders, calcific tendinitis of the shoulder, and tuberculosis of the glenohumeral joint. A variety of imaging tools and both nonsurgical and surgical treatment approaches
This document discusses post-partum haemorrhage (PPH), including primary PPH which occurs within 24 hours of delivery and secondary PPH which occurs between 24 hours to 6 weeks after delivery. It outlines the main causes of primary PPH as tone, tissue, trauma, and thrombosis. Management of primary PPH includes resuscitation, monitoring, and treatments such as uterine massage, compression, drugs to increase uterine tone, and surgical procedures if needed. Secondary PPH may be caused by retained tissue, infection, or bleeding disorders and is managed with antibiotics, drugs to increase uterine tone, removal of retained tissue, or rarely hysterectomy. Prevention focuses on treating anemia, active management of the third stage of labour,
This document provides information on empyema and lung abscess. It defines empyema as pus accumulation in the pleural space, whether localized or generalized. It describes the pathogenesis and causes of empyema. Common organisms include streptococcus and pneumococcus. Symptoms include fever, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Treatment options include thoracentesis, tube thoracostomy, VATS, and thoracotomy. Lung abscess is defined as a localized area of suppuration and cavitation in the lung. Causes include pneumonia and aspiration. Investigations include CXR and CT scan. Treatment involves identifying the organism, antimicrobial therapy, and possible surgical drainage or resection. Complications of both
endometrial cancer #.ppt.......................hussainAltaher
1. Endometrial carcinoma has a good prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 60%. Risk factors include excess estrogen stimulation, obesity, tamoxifen use, and family history of certain cancers.
2. Hyperplasias of the endometrium are classified as simple, complex, or atypical depending on glandular abnormalities. Atypical hyperplasia has a high risk of concurrent or developing endometrial carcinoma.
3. Treatment for endometrial carcinoma depends on staging and may include surgery, radiation therapy, and progesterone therapy or chemotherapy for advanced or recurrent disease. Prognosis correlates with disease stage at diagnosis.
The document discusses the history and various techniques of assisted reproductive technology (ART). It describes key developments like the first successful IVF birth in 1978. Common ART procedures discussed include intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), and zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT). The stages of an IVF cycle from ovarian stimulation to embryo transfer are outlined. Other topics covered are indications for different procedures, sperm and egg donation, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, and surgical sperm retrieval.
This document provides information on empyema and lung abscess. It defines empyema as pus accumulation in the pleural space, whether localized or generalized. It describes the pathogenesis and causes of empyema. Common organisms include streptococcus and pneumococcus. Symptoms include fever, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Complications include bronchopleural fistula. Diagnosis involves imaging and fluid analysis. Treatment includes thoracentesis, tube thoracostomy, fibrinolytic agents, and surgery. Lung abscess is defined as a localized area of suppuration and cavitation in the lung. Causes include pneumonia and aspiration. Symptoms include cough and fever. Investigations include imaging and bronchoscopy.
The document discusses anatomy and injuries of the chest wall and pleura. It describes the muscles covering the chest wall and approaches for thoracotomy. It also details the structure of ribs and intercostal spaces. Regarding injuries, it summarizes types of chest trauma such as blunt trauma, penetrating wounds, and blast injuries. It provides an overview of potentially lethal chest injuries and their management through procedures like tube thoracostomy, pericardiocentesis, or operative repair.
1. Cleft lip and palate are among the most common congenital anomalies, affecting 1 in 750-1000 births. Risk factors include parental age, smoking, and family history.
2. Congenital melanocytic nevi, or birthmarks, are classified by size from small to giant (>20cm2) and pose a risk of melanoma that increases with size. Surgical excision is often recommended to remove large nevi completely.
3. Vascular anomalies include hemangiomas, which grow rapidly after birth and then involute, and vascular malformations which are always present and grow proportionately. Capillary malformations like port wine stains require laser treatment or surgery.
1) Burns are classified based on depth of skin penetration and can be first, second, or third degree. First degree burns only affect the epidermis while third degree burns extend through the entire dermis.
2) The Parkland formula is used to calculate fluid resuscitation for burns, with lactated Ringer's solution given over the first 24 hours in a amount of 4 ml per kg of body weight per percent of total body surface area burned.
3) Common complications of burns include pneumonia, sepsis, acute renal failure, graft loss, and burn scar contractures. Early signs of sepsis include fever, hyperventilation, and hypotension.
This document discusses Bronchiectasis, its etiology, clinical presentation, investigations, and treatment. It summarizes that Bronchiectasis is a persistent dilation of the bronchial wall beyond the subsegmental level, with three patterns of dilation recognized. The left lung is more commonly involved, especially the lower lobe. Etiology can be congenital or acquired. Clinical presentation includes productive cough, hemoptysis, and recurrent chest infections. Investigations include CXR, CT scan, and bronchoscopy. Treatment involves medical management like antibiotics and airway clearance as well as surgical treatment for refractory cases or recurrent infections.
This document provides information on the anatomy of skin and various benign and malignant skin lesions. It discusses the epidermis, dermis, and structures within each layer. Common benign lesions described include seborrheic keratosis, dermoid cyst, and pyogenic granuloma. The most common skin cancers—basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma—are then reviewed in detail, including risk factors, subtypes, diagnosis, and treatment approaches.
Princile of aesthetic sugery. General surgerypptxhussainAltaher
Plastic surgery principles aim to improve aesthetic appearance through surgical and non-surgical means. Dr. Rabab Abass specializes in plastic and reconstructive surgery of the hands. The document relates to plastic surgery techniques and procedures performed by Dr. Rabab Abass.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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2. Anatomy of rotator cuff
Formed by tendons of 1. supraspinatus muscle 2. Infraspinatus muscle3.Subscapularis
muscle, the 3 tendons unite to form ( rotator cuff tendon) which pass beneath the
coracoacromial ligament, separated from it by Bursa and inserted in head of the
humerus. Function : initiation of abduction.
4. pathology
Friction of the rotator cuff under the coracoclavicular ligament occurs in position when the
arm is abducted, slightly flexed and internally rotated ; this called ( impingement position),
like in cleaning windows
1
9. Examination for tendinitis
1- Painful arc test: anterior shoulder pain between 60-120 degree of shoulder
abduction, repeating the movement with arm in external rotation is much painless.
10. 2. Neers impingement test : flexion abduction internal rotation of the shoulder produce
anterior shoulder pain under the acromion process, repeating the maneuver after injection
of 10 ml of xylocaine ( local anesthesia) will greatly reduces the pain
11. Partial and complete tear
The same clinical features of tendinitis but the patient can Not initiates
active abduction of the arm; to differentiate between partial and
complete tear we inject 10 cc of local anesthesia ( xylocaine) in
Subacromial space, if the patient can do active abduction of the arm after
the injection means it is partial tear; and if he still can not do abduction it
means complete tear
17. If no response to conservative treatment
Subacromial injection of steroid
18. Surgery ( called acrmioplasty)
Indicated in full thickness tear
Surgery includes removal of the coracoacromial ligament, removal of
osteophytes from the under surface of acromion. It can be done open or
arthroscopic.
20. Biceps muscle has 2 heads of origin; short head from coracoid process and long head from
the glenoid margin, the muscle inserted in the radius bone below elbow, it is responsible
for elbow flexion and forearm supination
21. Biceps tendinitis usually occurs in the long head, either alone or in association
with rotator cuff syndrome