The document discusses the history and evolution of computers from ancient calculating devices like the abacus to modern computers. It notes that computers have evolved from using vacuum tubes in the first generation to today's ultra-large scale integrated circuits. Each generation of computers saw improvements in size, cost, reliability and processing power. It also discusses the development of artificial intelligence and highlights Sophia, a humanoid robot, as an example of progress in AI.
This document summarizes the five generations of computers from the 1940s to present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were large, expensive, and unreliable. The second generation used transistors, which made computers smaller and more reliable. The third generation used integrated circuits, making computers faster, cheaper, and more versatile. The fourth generation began with microprocessors, resulting in smaller and more affordable personal computers. The fifth generation, still in development, aims to develop true artificial intelligence and natural language processing. Each generation brought improvements in size, cost, speed, and capabilities.
The document discusses the five generations of computers from the first generation that used vacuum tubes to the current fifth generation. Each generation saw improvements in the technology used such as the transition from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits. The five generations brought advancements like smaller size, increased reliability, lower costs, and new capabilities in areas like artificial intelligence and parallel processing.
The document discusses the different generations of computers from first to fifth generation. It provides details about the characteristics of each generation including the technologies used, size, processing speed, and examples. The first generation used vacuum tubes, were very large in size, and had slow processing. Later generations saw the use of transistors, integrated circuits, microprocessors and are now moving towards artificial intelligence. Each generation brought improvements in size, speed and capabilities.
1st ---5th generations and it's advantages andSaba Jamal Din
The document summarizes the key characteristics of five generations of computers from the first to fifth generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were large, unreliable, and required air conditioning. The second generation used transistors and were smaller, more reliable, and used less energy. The third generation used integrated circuits and were smaller, more portable, and had lower maintenance costs. The fourth generation used microprocessors and personal computers emerged. The fifth generation is still in development and aims to develop artificial intelligence capabilities.
This document discusses the five generations of computers from the 1940s to present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were unreliable, costly, and generated a lot of heat. The second generation used transistors, which made computers more reliable and efficient. The third generation used integrated circuits, which further improved reliability and performance. The fourth generation began using microprocessors and VLSI technology, making computers cheaper, portable, and introducing networking. The fifth generation focuses on artificial intelligence, natural language processing, and more powerful and affordable computers.
The document discusses the five generations of computers from 1945 to the present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were large, expensive machines like UNIVAC and ENIAC. The second generation introduced transistors, magnetic core memory, and higher-level languages. The third generation saw the advent of integrated circuits, microprocessors, and smaller desktop computers. The fourth generation featured further miniaturization and lower costs. The fifth generation is developing technologies like parallel processing, artificial intelligence, and supercomputers. Each generation brought improvements in size, cost, speed, reliability and applications.
The document outlines the six generations of computers from 1940 to present day. The first generation used electro-mechanical components like relays and vacuum tubes. The second generation introduced transistors, making computers smaller and more efficient. The third generation saw the invention of integrated circuits and microprocessors. Personal computers emerged in the fourth generation using microprocessor chips. The fifth generation focused on artificial intelligence. And the sixth generation features parallel computing with hundreds of processors working simultaneously.
This document summarizes the five generations of computers from the 1940s to present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were large, expensive, and unreliable. The second generation used transistors, which made computers smaller and more reliable. The third generation used integrated circuits, making computers faster, cheaper, and more versatile. The fourth generation began with microprocessors, resulting in smaller and more affordable personal computers. The fifth generation, still in development, aims to develop true artificial intelligence and natural language processing. Each generation brought improvements in size, cost, speed, and capabilities.
The document discusses the five generations of computers from the first generation that used vacuum tubes to the current fifth generation. Each generation saw improvements in the technology used such as the transition from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits. The five generations brought advancements like smaller size, increased reliability, lower costs, and new capabilities in areas like artificial intelligence and parallel processing.
The document discusses the different generations of computers from first to fifth generation. It provides details about the characteristics of each generation including the technologies used, size, processing speed, and examples. The first generation used vacuum tubes, were very large in size, and had slow processing. Later generations saw the use of transistors, integrated circuits, microprocessors and are now moving towards artificial intelligence. Each generation brought improvements in size, speed and capabilities.
1st ---5th generations and it's advantages andSaba Jamal Din
The document summarizes the key characteristics of five generations of computers from the first to fifth generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were large, unreliable, and required air conditioning. The second generation used transistors and were smaller, more reliable, and used less energy. The third generation used integrated circuits and were smaller, more portable, and had lower maintenance costs. The fourth generation used microprocessors and personal computers emerged. The fifth generation is still in development and aims to develop artificial intelligence capabilities.
This document discusses the five generations of computers from the 1940s to present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were unreliable, costly, and generated a lot of heat. The second generation used transistors, which made computers more reliable and efficient. The third generation used integrated circuits, which further improved reliability and performance. The fourth generation began using microprocessors and VLSI technology, making computers cheaper, portable, and introducing networking. The fifth generation focuses on artificial intelligence, natural language processing, and more powerful and affordable computers.
The document discusses the five generations of computers from 1945 to the present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were large, expensive machines like UNIVAC and ENIAC. The second generation introduced transistors, magnetic core memory, and higher-level languages. The third generation saw the advent of integrated circuits, microprocessors, and smaller desktop computers. The fourth generation featured further miniaturization and lower costs. The fifth generation is developing technologies like parallel processing, artificial intelligence, and supercomputers. Each generation brought improvements in size, cost, speed, reliability and applications.
The document outlines the six generations of computers from 1940 to present day. The first generation used electro-mechanical components like relays and vacuum tubes. The second generation introduced transistors, making computers smaller and more efficient. The third generation saw the invention of integrated circuits and microprocessors. Personal computers emerged in the fourth generation using microprocessor chips. The fifth generation focused on artificial intelligence. And the sixth generation features parallel computing with hundreds of processors working simultaneously.
The term generations of computers .. that help all of you to study about history and advancement of computer generations .. if any suggestion then kindly comment
The document summarizes the five generations of computers from 1940 to present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were large, unreliable, and produced a lot of heat. The second generation used transistors which made computers smaller, more reliable, and efficient. The third generation used integrated circuits which further increased processing speed and portability. The fourth generation used microprocessors and introduced personal computers. The fifth generation under development aims to be intelligent through artificial intelligence and parallel processing.
computer generation,history of computer, computer basic,what is computer,com...Divas Gupta
The document discusses the evolution of computers through five generations defined by their underlying technology. The first generation used vacuum tubes, the second used transistors which were smaller and more reliable. The third generation saw the development of integrated circuits on silicon chips. The fourth generation was marked by the invention of microprocessors. Each generation brought improvements in size, cost, reliability and performance. Computers progressed from specialized machines to personal devices widely used in homes, schools and offices.
The document discusses the history and generations of computers from their origins to modern times. It begins with the abacus and Charles Babbage's analytical engine in the 1800s, then covers the first generation of vacuum tube computers in the 1940s like ENIAC. The second generation introduced transistors and assembly language, while the third generation saw integrated circuits and smaller size. The fourth generation included microprocessors and VLSI. The fifth generation involves artificial intelligence and systems that understand human speech.
The five generations of computers
1940 – 1956: First Generation – Vacuum Tubes. These early computers used vacuum tubes as circuitry and magnetic drums for memory. ...
1956 – 1963: Second Generation – Transistors. ...
1964 – 1971: Third Generation – Integrated Circuits. ...
1972 – 2010: Fourth Generation – Microprocessors.
This document summarizes the five generations of computers from the first generation in 1945 to the present fifth generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were very large. The second generation used transistors, which were smaller. The third generation used integrated circuits on silicon chips, making computers even smaller. The fourth generation used VLSI technology to put millions of transistors on single chips, reducing costs. The fifth generation aims to develop artificial intelligence capabilities through parallel processing. Each generation brought improvements in size, cost, reliability and capabilities over previous generations due to advances in components and technology.
The document summarizes the five generations of computers:
1) First generation (1940-1956) used vacuum tubes, were large, expensive, and relied on machine language. Examples include UNIVAC and ENIAC.
2) Second generation (1956-1963) replaced vacuum tubes with transistors and introduced symbolic programming languages like COBOL and FORTRAN.
3) Third generation (1964-1971) used integrated circuits, allowed users to interact through keyboards/monitors, and run multiple applications simultaneously.
4) Fourth generation (1971-present) used microprocessors to put thousands of circuits on a single chip, and developed GUIs, mice, and handheld devices.
5) Fifth
it is all about the generation of computer. explained in a detailed way. helpful for those students who is seeking information about computer generation.it is available in one place
The document discusses the 4th and 5th generations of computers. The 4th generation emerged in the 1970s using microprocessors and VLSI technology, making computers more powerful, compact and affordable. Examples included IBM 4143 and Apple II. The 5th generation is still in development and aims to develop true artificial intelligence using techniques like quantum computing and nanotechnology to give computers human-like intelligence and the ability to understand natural language.
The document discusses the five generations of computers from the first generation in 1946 to the present fifth generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were large, heat-producing machines. The second generation introduced transistors, reducing size and heat. The third generation used integrated circuits which further reduced size. The fourth generation used microprocessors on a single chip. The fifth generation uses artificial intelligence and neural networks. Each generation brought increases in processing speed, memory capacity, programming languages, and commercial applications.
The document discusses the history of computing and divides it into three ages: the Dark Age from 5000 BC to 1890 AD, the Middle Age from 1890 to 1944, and the Modern Age since 1944. It then provides details on the key developments that occurred in each age, including the abacus, slide rule, Pascaline, Babbage's engines, tabulating machines, calculators, and the ABC computer. The document also covers the five generations of modern computers based on the technology used such as vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, microprocessors, and future artificial intelligence. Each generation brought increases in speed, power and decreases in size.
Computer generations can be divided into five periods based on the underlying technologies used:
First generation computers (1940-1958) used vacuum tubes and were enormous in size, occupying entire rooms. The second generation (1959-1964) replaced vacuum tubes with transistors. The third generation (1964-1974) saw the development of integrated circuits and silicon chips, which allowed computers to be smaller and interface with keyboards, monitors, and operating systems. The fourth generation (1975-1989) introduced microchips and microprocessors. The fifth generation (1990-present), still in development, aims to develop artificial intelligence capabilities like natural language processing and self-learning.
The document discusses the five generations of computers from 1937 to the present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were very large, costly machines. The second generation used transistors, making computers smaller and more efficient. The third generation saw the introduction of integrated circuits, resulting in smaller size and lower costs. The fourth generation used very large scale integration and introduced personal computers. The fifth generation continues to develop parallel processing and artificial intelligence capabilities.
The document summarizes the five generations of computers from 1946 to present. Each generation is characterized by major technological developments that made computers increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and efficient. The first generation used vacuum tubes. The second used transistors. The third used integrated circuits. The fourth used VLSI microprocessors leading to personal computers. The fifth uses ULSI microprocessors and focuses on artificial intelligence and parallel processing.
This presentation provides an overview of computer generations from the first to fifth generation. It discusses the key developments and technologies that define each generation, including vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, microprocessors, and artificial intelligence. The main advantages and disadvantages of each generation are also summarized. Finally, the presentation describes different types of computers like microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers.
The document summarizes the generations of computers from the first to fifth generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes, were very large in size, and had slow processing speeds. The second generation used transistors and were smaller with faster processing. The third generation used integrated circuits, were smaller than the second generation with faster processing speeds. The fourth generation used microprocessors, were small enough to fit in the palm of the hand with very fast processing speeds. The fifth generation uses technologies like VLSI, ULSI, and nanotechnology, are very small in size with very fast processing speeds and capabilities like artificial intelligence.
The document summarizes the five generations of computers from first to fifth generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes, were very large in size and slow in processing speed. The second generation used transistors, were smaller in size and faster. The third generation used integrated circuits and were smaller and faster than previous generations. The fourth generation used very large scale integration and introduced personal computers. The fifth generation is predicted to use artificial intelligence. Each generation saw improvements in size, speed and capabilities over previous generations due to new technological developments.
The document summarizes the five generations of computers from the 1940s to present. Each generation is defined by a major technological development that made computers smaller, cheaper, more powerful, and efficient. The first generation used vacuum tubes, the second used transistors, the third used integrated circuits, the fourth used microprocessors, and the fifth generation is focused on artificial intelligence.
1) The 1st generation of computers used vacuum tubes, were bulky, slow, and consumed large amounts of power. The ENIAC, completed in 1946, was an early example.
2) The 2nd generation saw the introduction of transistors, which were smaller and faster than vacuum tubes. Important developments included the first high-level programming languages like FORTRAN and COBOL.
3) Integrated circuits were used in the 3rd generation, allowing computers to become smaller and more powerful. Examples from this era include the IBM 360, IBM 370, and VAX-750.
The document provides a brief history of computers from the earliest calculating devices like the abacus to modern computers. It highlights key advances in computer hardware over generations: 1) Vacuum tubes were used in the first generation ENIAC computer. 2) Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in the second generation. 3) Integrated circuits were used in the third generation, greatly reducing size. 4) Personal computers of the fourth generation used microprocessors on a single chip. These generational advances helped computers become smaller, faster, and more powerful over time.
This document provides a historical overview of the development of computers from ancient times to the present. It discusses the major milestones and innovations that progressed computing, including the abacus, mechanical adding machines, punched cards, vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and microprocessors. The development is divided into five generations characterized by the components and technology used. The modern computer era began with the invention of the microprocessor, which allowed computers to become smaller, more affordable personal devices.
The term generations of computers .. that help all of you to study about history and advancement of computer generations .. if any suggestion then kindly comment
The document summarizes the five generations of computers from 1940 to present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were large, unreliable, and produced a lot of heat. The second generation used transistors which made computers smaller, more reliable, and efficient. The third generation used integrated circuits which further increased processing speed and portability. The fourth generation used microprocessors and introduced personal computers. The fifth generation under development aims to be intelligent through artificial intelligence and parallel processing.
computer generation,history of computer, computer basic,what is computer,com...Divas Gupta
The document discusses the evolution of computers through five generations defined by their underlying technology. The first generation used vacuum tubes, the second used transistors which were smaller and more reliable. The third generation saw the development of integrated circuits on silicon chips. The fourth generation was marked by the invention of microprocessors. Each generation brought improvements in size, cost, reliability and performance. Computers progressed from specialized machines to personal devices widely used in homes, schools and offices.
The document discusses the history and generations of computers from their origins to modern times. It begins with the abacus and Charles Babbage's analytical engine in the 1800s, then covers the first generation of vacuum tube computers in the 1940s like ENIAC. The second generation introduced transistors and assembly language, while the third generation saw integrated circuits and smaller size. The fourth generation included microprocessors and VLSI. The fifth generation involves artificial intelligence and systems that understand human speech.
The five generations of computers
1940 – 1956: First Generation – Vacuum Tubes. These early computers used vacuum tubes as circuitry and magnetic drums for memory. ...
1956 – 1963: Second Generation – Transistors. ...
1964 – 1971: Third Generation – Integrated Circuits. ...
1972 – 2010: Fourth Generation – Microprocessors.
This document summarizes the five generations of computers from the first generation in 1945 to the present fifth generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were very large. The second generation used transistors, which were smaller. The third generation used integrated circuits on silicon chips, making computers even smaller. The fourth generation used VLSI technology to put millions of transistors on single chips, reducing costs. The fifth generation aims to develop artificial intelligence capabilities through parallel processing. Each generation brought improvements in size, cost, reliability and capabilities over previous generations due to advances in components and technology.
The document summarizes the five generations of computers:
1) First generation (1940-1956) used vacuum tubes, were large, expensive, and relied on machine language. Examples include UNIVAC and ENIAC.
2) Second generation (1956-1963) replaced vacuum tubes with transistors and introduced symbolic programming languages like COBOL and FORTRAN.
3) Third generation (1964-1971) used integrated circuits, allowed users to interact through keyboards/monitors, and run multiple applications simultaneously.
4) Fourth generation (1971-present) used microprocessors to put thousands of circuits on a single chip, and developed GUIs, mice, and handheld devices.
5) Fifth
it is all about the generation of computer. explained in a detailed way. helpful for those students who is seeking information about computer generation.it is available in one place
The document discusses the 4th and 5th generations of computers. The 4th generation emerged in the 1970s using microprocessors and VLSI technology, making computers more powerful, compact and affordable. Examples included IBM 4143 and Apple II. The 5th generation is still in development and aims to develop true artificial intelligence using techniques like quantum computing and nanotechnology to give computers human-like intelligence and the ability to understand natural language.
The document discusses the five generations of computers from the first generation in 1946 to the present fifth generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were large, heat-producing machines. The second generation introduced transistors, reducing size and heat. The third generation used integrated circuits which further reduced size. The fourth generation used microprocessors on a single chip. The fifth generation uses artificial intelligence and neural networks. Each generation brought increases in processing speed, memory capacity, programming languages, and commercial applications.
The document discusses the history of computing and divides it into three ages: the Dark Age from 5000 BC to 1890 AD, the Middle Age from 1890 to 1944, and the Modern Age since 1944. It then provides details on the key developments that occurred in each age, including the abacus, slide rule, Pascaline, Babbage's engines, tabulating machines, calculators, and the ABC computer. The document also covers the five generations of modern computers based on the technology used such as vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, microprocessors, and future artificial intelligence. Each generation brought increases in speed, power and decreases in size.
Computer generations can be divided into five periods based on the underlying technologies used:
First generation computers (1940-1958) used vacuum tubes and were enormous in size, occupying entire rooms. The second generation (1959-1964) replaced vacuum tubes with transistors. The third generation (1964-1974) saw the development of integrated circuits and silicon chips, which allowed computers to be smaller and interface with keyboards, monitors, and operating systems. The fourth generation (1975-1989) introduced microchips and microprocessors. The fifth generation (1990-present), still in development, aims to develop artificial intelligence capabilities like natural language processing and self-learning.
The document discusses the five generations of computers from 1937 to the present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were very large, costly machines. The second generation used transistors, making computers smaller and more efficient. The third generation saw the introduction of integrated circuits, resulting in smaller size and lower costs. The fourth generation used very large scale integration and introduced personal computers. The fifth generation continues to develop parallel processing and artificial intelligence capabilities.
The document summarizes the five generations of computers from 1946 to present. Each generation is characterized by major technological developments that made computers increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and efficient. The first generation used vacuum tubes. The second used transistors. The third used integrated circuits. The fourth used VLSI microprocessors leading to personal computers. The fifth uses ULSI microprocessors and focuses on artificial intelligence and parallel processing.
This presentation provides an overview of computer generations from the first to fifth generation. It discusses the key developments and technologies that define each generation, including vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, microprocessors, and artificial intelligence. The main advantages and disadvantages of each generation are also summarized. Finally, the presentation describes different types of computers like microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers.
The document summarizes the generations of computers from the first to fifth generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes, were very large in size, and had slow processing speeds. The second generation used transistors and were smaller with faster processing. The third generation used integrated circuits, were smaller than the second generation with faster processing speeds. The fourth generation used microprocessors, were small enough to fit in the palm of the hand with very fast processing speeds. The fifth generation uses technologies like VLSI, ULSI, and nanotechnology, are very small in size with very fast processing speeds and capabilities like artificial intelligence.
The document summarizes the five generations of computers from first to fifth generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes, were very large in size and slow in processing speed. The second generation used transistors, were smaller in size and faster. The third generation used integrated circuits and were smaller and faster than previous generations. The fourth generation used very large scale integration and introduced personal computers. The fifth generation is predicted to use artificial intelligence. Each generation saw improvements in size, speed and capabilities over previous generations due to new technological developments.
The document summarizes the five generations of computers from the 1940s to present. Each generation is defined by a major technological development that made computers smaller, cheaper, more powerful, and efficient. The first generation used vacuum tubes, the second used transistors, the third used integrated circuits, the fourth used microprocessors, and the fifth generation is focused on artificial intelligence.
1) The 1st generation of computers used vacuum tubes, were bulky, slow, and consumed large amounts of power. The ENIAC, completed in 1946, was an early example.
2) The 2nd generation saw the introduction of transistors, which were smaller and faster than vacuum tubes. Important developments included the first high-level programming languages like FORTRAN and COBOL.
3) Integrated circuits were used in the 3rd generation, allowing computers to become smaller and more powerful. Examples from this era include the IBM 360, IBM 370, and VAX-750.
The document provides a brief history of computers from the earliest calculating devices like the abacus to modern computers. It highlights key advances in computer hardware over generations: 1) Vacuum tubes were used in the first generation ENIAC computer. 2) Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in the second generation. 3) Integrated circuits were used in the third generation, greatly reducing size. 4) Personal computers of the fourth generation used microprocessors on a single chip. These generational advances helped computers become smaller, faster, and more powerful over time.
This document provides a historical overview of the development of computers from ancient times to the present. It discusses the major milestones and innovations that progressed computing, including the abacus, mechanical adding machines, punched cards, vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and microprocessors. The development is divided into five generations characterized by the components and technology used. The modern computer era began with the invention of the microprocessor, which allowed computers to become smaller, more affordable personal devices.
The document provides a history of computing devices from ancient abacuses to modern computers. It describes the abacus, Schickard's calculating clock, Pascal's Pascaline, Leibniz's stepped reckoner, punched cards, Babbage's difference engine, the Mark 1, ENIAC, and Univac computers. It then summarizes the five generations of computers from the first generation using vacuum tubes to future fifth generation computers that may use artificial intelligence.
The document provides a history of computing devices from ancient abacuses to modern computers. It describes the abacus, Schickard's calculating clock, Pascal's Pascaline, Leibniz's stepped reckoner, punched cards, Babbage's difference engine, the Mark 1, ENIAC, and Univac computers. It then summarizes the five generations of computers from the first generation using vacuum tubes to future fifth generation computers that may use artificial intelligence.
The document provides a history of computing devices from ancient abacuses to modern computers. It describes the abacus, Schickard's calculating clock, Pascal's Pascaline, Leibniz's stepped reckoner, punched cards, Babbage's difference engine, the Mark 1, ENIAC, and Univac computers. It then summarizes the five generations of computers from the first generation using vacuum tubes to future fifth generation computers that may use artificial intelligence.
The document provides an overview of the history and components of computers. It discusses early mechanical calculating devices and then outlines the five generations of computers, describing the technology used such as vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and artificial intelligence. It also categorizes different types of computers such as analog, digital, hybrid, supercomputers, mainframes, desktops, laptops, tablets, and more. The document contains a detailed but concise history of the evolution of computer technology.
The document provides an introduction to information technology and computer organization. It discusses the history of computers from mechanical calculators to modern digital computers. The five generations of computers are defined based on the underlying technologies used - from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits. The document focuses on the evolution of computers and technologies over time that led to improvements in performance, capacity, size and cost.
The document defines a computer as a programmable machine that manipulates data according to instructions. It then discusses the history of computing devices, starting with early human "computers" who performed calculations, and progressing through mechanical aids like the abacus and slide rule. The first general purpose electronic computer, ENIAC, was completed in 1946. The document then covers the five generations of computers, defined by the components and technologies used, from first generation vacuum tube computers to today's fifth generation AI-based systems.
This document provides an introduction and outline for a course on computer applications. It covers the following topics:
- The course outline includes introductions to information technology, computer hardware and software, operating systems like Windows and Office applications.
- It defines key computer terms like information, technology, hardware, software and provides a brief history of computers from the dark ages to modern computers.
- The document explains the five generations of computers defined by their underlying technologies from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits and microprocessors. Each generation brought improvements in size, cost, reliability and capabilities.
- It provides examples of some representative computers from each generation like ENIAC, IBM 360, personal computers and modern devices. The latest generation
Presentation on computer history & generations (by muhammad shoaib)MuhammadShoaibSheikh
This document provides an overview of the history of computers from the earliest devices through modern generations. It begins with definitions of a computer and discusses early mechanical calculating devices like the abacus and Napier's bones. Important early electronic computers included the Pascaline, the Stepped Reckoner, Babbage's Analytical Engine, and the Jacquard Loom. The document then outlines the five generations of computers, describing the defining technological developments of each including vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, microprocessors, and artificial intelligence. It provides examples of influential computers from each generation and their key features.
The document provides a history of computer systems from ancient counting methods to modern artificial intelligence. It describes how early counting devices like the abacus evolved into mechanical calculators invented by Napier, Pascal, and Leibniz. Charles Babbage then invented the Analytical Engine, considered the first computer. The document then outlines the five generations of modern computers, from the first generation's vacuum tubes to today's fifth generation of artificial intelligence using parallel processing and superconductors.
The document summarizes the history and generations of computers from the past to the future in 3 sentences:
Past computers used early mechanical aids like the abacus and slide rule. The first electronic computers of the 1940s-1950s used vacuum tubes and were very large, expensive, and unreliable. Generations of computers since then have gotten smaller, cheaper, more powerful and efficient by transitioning to newer technologies like transistors, integrated circuits, personal computers, and future developments in areas like augmented reality, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing.
History of Computer, History of Computing, Evolution of Computer, Generations of Computer, Past Present and Future of Computer, Abacus, Differential Engine, Analytical Engine
The document provides an overview of computers, including:
1) Computers process data at extremely fast rates and with high accuracy through electronic components like processors and memory.
2) Computers have evolved over generations from early mechanical devices to today's electronic digital computers based on integrated circuits and microprocessors.
3) A basic computer is made up of an input unit, output unit, central processing unit, memory unit, and control unit that work together to accept, store, process, and output data according to instructions.
The document provides an overview of computers, including:
1) Computers process data at extremely fast rates and with high accuracy through electronic components like processors and memory.
2) Computers have evolved over generations from early mechanical devices to today's electronic digital computers based on integrated circuits and microprocessors.
3) A basic computer is made up of an input unit, central processing unit, memory unit, arithmetic logic unit, control unit, and output unit that work together to accept, store, process, and output data.
Here are the answers to your questions:
1. Computer generations refer to the different stages in the technological development of computers based on major technological advances. Each generation has significant improvements in components, performance and cost from the previous generation.
2. The different computer generations are:
- First generation (1946-1958): Used vacuum tubes, magnetic drums for memory. Examples: ENIAC, UNIVAC.
- Second generation (1959-1964): Used transistors instead of vacuum tubes, magnetic core memory. Examples: IBM 1401, IBM 1620.
- Third generation (1965-1974): Used integrated circuits, semiconductor memory. Examples: IBM 360, PDP-8.
- Fourth generation (1975-1990
The document provides a history of computers from ancient calculating devices like the abacus to modern generations. It discusses five generations of computers: 1) Vacuum tube computers, 2) Transistor computers, 3) Integrated circuit computers, 4) Microprocessor computers, and 5) Potential artificial intelligence computers. Key developments included the invention of the transistor, integrated circuit, microprocessor, and continued advancement toward artificial intelligence through parallel processing. The generations saw computers decrease dramatically in size while increasing dramatically in speed and capabilities.
historyof computer and generation of computerdivyajohnisg
The document provides a history of computers from early human computers to modern devices. It describes the earliest mechanical calculating devices like the abacus. The first programmable computers were invented in the 1800s but were still mechanical. The first electronic computer, ENIAC, was completed in 1946. Integrated circuits in the third generation made computers smaller and cheaper. The fourth generation saw the development of microprocessors and networks. The fifth generation pursues artificial intelligence capabilities.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
2. An amazing machine! We are living in the computer age today and most of our
day to day activities cannot be accomplished without using computers.
Computer has become an indispensable and multipurpose tool. We are
breathing in the computer age and gradually computer has become such a
desire necessity of life that it is difficult to imagine life without it.
2Rajat Kumar
3. “Computer is an electronic device for
performing arithmetic and logical
operation.” Or “Computer is a device or
a flexible machine to process data and
converts it into information.” To know
about the complete process that how
computer works, we will have to come
across the various terms such as Data,
Processing and Information. First of all
we will have to understand these terms
in true sense.
DEFINITION
3Rajat Kumar
4. Abacus is known to be the first
mechanical calculating device.
Which was used to be
performed addition and
subtraction easily and speedily?
This device was a first
developed by the Egyptians in
the 10th century B.C, but it was
given it final shape in the 12th
century A.D. by the Chinese
educationists.
As the necessity demanded,
scientist started inventing better
calculating device. In thus
process John Napier’s of
Scotland invented a calculating
device, in the year 1617 called the
Napier Bones.
In the year 1642, Blaise Pascal a
French scientist invented an
adding machine called Pascal’s
calculator, which represents the
position of digit with the help of
gears in it.
HISTORY
4
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5. In the year 1671, a German
mathematics, Gottfried Leibniz
modified the Pascal calculator
and he developed a machine
which could perform various
calculation based on
multiplication and division as
well.
In the year 1833, a scientist form
England knows to be Charles
Babbage invented such a
machine. Which could keep our
data safely? This device was
called Analytical engine and it
deemed the first mechanical
computer. It included such
feature which is used in today’s
computer language. For this
great invention of the computer,
Sir Charles Babbage is also
known as the father of the
computer.
HISTORY
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6. Abacus is made up of wooden frame in
which rod where fitted across with rounds
beads sliding on the rod. It id dividing into
two parts called ‘Heaven’ and ‘Earth’.
Heaven was the upper part and Earth was
the lower one. Thus any no. can be
represented by placing the beads at proper
place.
THE ABACUS
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7. 7
In the device, Napier’s used the bone rods
of the counting purpose where some no. is
printed on these rods. These rods that one
can do addition, subtraction, multiplication
and division easily.
NAPIER’S
BONES
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11. HISTORY OF COMPUTER
&
As the time passed, the device of more suitable and reliable machine was need
which could perform our work more quickly. During this time, in the year 1946, the
first successful electronic computer called ENIAC was developed and it was the
starting point of the current generation of computer.
GENERATION
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13. VACUUM TUBE.
The period of first generation was 1946-1959. The computers of first generation
used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU
(Central Processing Unit). These vacuum tubes, like electric bulbs, produced a lot
of heat and were prone to frequent fusing of the installations, therefore, were very
expensive and could be afforded only by very large organizations. In this
generation mainly batch processing operating system were used. Punched cards,
paper tape, and magnetic tape were used as input and output devices. The
computers in this generation used machine code as programming language.
FIRST
GENERATION
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1
Vacuum tube technology
Unreliable
Supported machine language only
Very costly
Generated lot of heat
Slow input and output devices
Huge size
Need of A.C.
Non-portable
Consumed lot of electricity
The main features of first generation are:
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FIRST
GENERATION
ENIAC was the world first successful electronic computer which was develops by the two scientists namely J. P.
Eckert and J. W. Mauchy. It was the beginning of first generation computer. The full form of ENIAC is “Electronic
Numeric Integrated And Calculator” ENIAC was a very huge and big computer and its weight was 30 tones. It
could store only limited or small amount of information. Initially in the first generation computer the concept of
vacuum tubes was used. A vacuum tube was such an electronic component which had very less work efficiency
and so it could not work properly and it required a large cooling system.
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16. TRANSISTORS.
The period of second generation was 1959-1965. In this generation transistors
were used that were cheaper, consumed less power, more compact in size, more
reliable and faster than the first generation machines. In this generation, magnetic
cores were used as primary memory and magnetic tape and magnetic disks as
secondary storage devices. In this generation assembly language and high-level
programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL were used. The computers used
batch processing and multiprogramming operating system.
SECOND
GENERATION
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17. Use of transistors
Reliable in comparison to first generation
computers
Smaller size as compared to first generation
computers
Generated less heat as compared to first
generation computers
Consumed less electricity as compared to first
generation computers
Faster than first generation computers
Still very costly
A.C. needed
Supported machine and assembly languages
2
17
The main features of second generation are:
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The second generation computers emerged with development of Transistors. The transistor was invented in 1947
by three scientists J. Bardeen, H.W. Brattain and W. Shockley. A transistor is a small device made up of
semiconductor material like germanium and silicon. Even though the Transistor were developed in 1947 but was
not widely used until the end of 50s. The transistor made the second generation computers faster, smaller,
cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-generation computers. Second Generation
computer is IBM 1620
SECOND
GENERATION
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19. INTEGRATED CIRCUIT.
The period of third generation was 1965-1971. The computers of third generation
used integrated circuits (IC's) in place of transistors. A single IC has many
transistors, resistors and capacitors along with the associated circuitry. The IC was
invented by Jack Kilby. This development made computers smaller in size, reliable
and efficient. In this generation remote processing, time-sharing, multi-
programming operating system were used. High-level languages (FORTRAN-II TO
IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68 etc.) were used during this generation.
THIRD
GENERATION
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20. IC used
More reliable in comparison to previous two
generations
Smaller size
Generated less heat
Faster
Lesser maintenance
Still costly
A.C needed
Consumed lesser electricity
Supported high-level language
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The main features of third generation are:
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22. VLSI CIRCUIT.
The period of fourth generation was 1971-1980. The computers of fourth
generation used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. VLSI circuits
having about 5000 transistors and other circuit elements and their associated
circuits on a single chip made it possible to have microcomputers of fourth
generation. Fourth generation computers became more powerful, compact,
reliable, and affordable. As a result, it gave rise to personal computer (PC)
revolution. In this generation time sharing, real time, networks, distributed
operating system were used. All the high-level languages like C, C++, DBASE etc.
were used in this generation.
FOURTH
GENERATION
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23. VLSI technology used
Very cheap
Portable and reliable
Use of PC's
Very small size
No A.C. needed
Concept of internet was introduced
Great developments in the fields of networks
Computers became easily available
4
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The main features of fourth generation are:
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25. ULSI CIRCUIT.
The period of fifth generation is 1980-till date. In the fifth generation, the VLSI
technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology,
resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic
components. This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI
(Artificial Intelligence) software. AI is an emerging branch in computer science,
which interprets means and method of making computers think like human
beings. All the high-level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net etc. are used in this
generation.
FIFTH
GENERATION
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26. ULSI technology
Development of true artificial intelligence
Development of Natural language processing
Advancement in Parallel Processing
Advancement in Superconductor technology
More user friendly interfaces with multimedia
features
Availability of very powerful and compact
computers at cheaper rates
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The main features of fifth generation are:
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Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area of computer
science that emphasizes the creation of intelligent
machines that work and react like humans. Some of
the activities computers with artificial intelligence
are designed for include:
Speech recognition
Learning
Planning
Problem solving
About “AI”
Artificial Intelligence
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29. 29
SOPHIA
Sophia is a social humanoid
robot developed by Hong Kong-based
company Hanson Robotics. Sophia was
activated on April 19, 2015 and made her
first public appearance at South by
Southwest Festival (SXSW) in mid-March
2016 in Austin, Texas, United States. She is
able to display more than 62 facial
expressions
Sophia
(Robot)
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