“An Overview : Chilli Thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) biology, distribution and management”.  *Introduction *Production *Identification of pest *Nature of damge *Efficacy of selected insecticides *Case study *Result and discussion *Conclusion

2. CREDIT SEMINAR
ON
“An Overview : Chilli Thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) biology,
distribution and management”.
SUBMITTED BY:
Kondalkar Mohit Liladhar
ID.NO:- 21MSENT038
M.Sc.( Agri.) Entomology
3rd SEMESTER
DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY
NAINI AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE
SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OFAGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY
AND SCIENCES PRAYAGRAJ-211007, U.P., INDIA. (2022-2023)

3. SR.
NO CONTENT
1 INTRODUCTION
2 PRODUCTION
3 IDENTIFICATION OF PEST
4 LIFE CYCLE
5 NATURE OF DAMAGE
6 EFFICACY OF SELECTED INSECTICIDES
7 CASE STUDY
8 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
9 CONCLUSION
10 REFERENCE

4. INTRODUCTION
 Chilli (Capsicum annuum: Solanaceae) is one of
the most important profitable spices crop grown
all over India. It is an important condiment used
for imparting pungency and colour to the food
being rich in vitamin A, B, C, oleoresin and red
pigment. The Indian chilli is considered to be
world famous for two important commercial
qualities namely, its colour and pungency levels.
Nagaraju and Kumar (2022).
 India is known as “The Home of Spices”. No
Indian meal is considered complete without the
tangy and delectable flavor of Indian Spices,
locally known as “masala”. Geetha and
Selvarani (2017).
 The pungency in chillies is due to crystalline
volatile alkaloid, ‘Capsaicin’. The red colour of
chillies is due to the presence of pigment
‘Capsanthin’ (Tirkey et al., 2020)

5. PRODUCTION
38%
7%
5%
5%
5%
4%
3%
2%
2%
29%
World wide Production
India China Pakistan Bangladesh Peru
Thailand Myanmar Ethiopia Vietnam Others
57%
10%
6%
6%
4%
3%
3%
2%
9%
State wise Production
Andhra Pradesh
Karnataka
West Bengal
Madhya Pradesh
Odisha
Maharashtra
Gujarat
Tamil Nadu
Others

6. PEST COMPLEX OF CHILLI
 The major insect pests that attack chilli are aphids (Myzus persicae Sulzer and
Aphis gossypii Glover), mites (Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks) and thrips
(Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood). In Karnataka, thrips, mites and white flies have been
identified as key sucking pests of chilli of which leaf curl caused by mite and thrips
is serious . In addition to these, pod borers also cause maximum damage to the
crop both during vegetative and fruit formation stages. The crop loss by three
major pests, where, 30-50% by thrips (S. dorsalis), 30-70% by mites (P. latus) and
30-40% by fruit borers Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura . These pests
cause serious damage to the chilli crop by direct feeding and transmitting deadly
disease called "leaf curl disease" or "Murda complex".Kurbett et al., (2009)

7. IDENTIFICATION OF PEST
 EGGS:- Typically oval, whitish to
yellowish colored.
 Eggs are about 0.075mm long and
0.070mm wide and are inserted inside
plant tissue.
 LARVAE:- Two larval stages (first
and second instar) 6 to 7 days. The
larvae are off white in colour.
 First Instar transparent short body,
longer legs.
OVAL SHAPED EGGS
FIRST INSTAR LARVAE

8.  SECOND INSTAR :- Longer
antennae, cylindrical seven-segmented,
longer mouth.
 PRE PUPAE :-Yellowish, antennae
short, two pair of external wing.
 The pre pupal period is short (24
hours).
SECOND INSTAR LARVAE
PRE-PUPAE

9. • PUPAE :- Dark yellow with eyes and
ocelli red pigmentation, wing buds are
elongate, antennae short and reflected over
head.
• Female pupae with longer pointed
abdomen, males have a smaller.
• The pupal period 2 to 3 days.
• ADULT :- Almost white on emergence,
turning yellowish with incomplete dark
stripes on the dorsal surface where the
adjacent abdominal segments meet.
PUPAE
ADULT

10. LIFE CYCLE

11. NATURE OF DAMAGE
 Damaging stages are nymph and
adult.
 The infested leaves develop crinkles
and curled upwards.
 Elongated petiole.
 Buds become brittle and drop down.
 Early stages infestation leads to
stunted growth and flower
production, fruits are arrested.

12. SR.NO TREATMENTS
PERCENT REDUCTION OF THRIPS POPULATION REFERENCES
I ST SPRAY MEAN 2 ND SPRAY MEAN POOLED MEAN
T1 Acetamiprid 20 SP 20g a.i/ha 93.54 87.08 90.31 Rai and Sarkar(2022)
T2 Imidacloprid 70% WG @ 50 g
a.i/ha
94.52 94.44 94.50 Thuppukonda and Kumar
(2022)
T3 Spinosad 45% SC
@ 0.15 ml/lit
91.55 91.28 91.41 Lakshmi and Kumar
(2021)
T4 Fipronil 5% SC @2ml/lit 92.28 95.85 94.06 Nagaraju and
Kumar(2022)
T5 Diafenthiuron 50% WP @
0.010mg/lit
86.0 86.78 86.39 Neelofor and Kumar
(2022)
T6 Metarhizium anisopliae 1.15
WP
33.78 33.43 33.60 Samota et.al(2017)
T7 Neem oil @2.5 ml 56.71 65.38 61.04 Kumar and Tayde (2017)

13. CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY by Thuppukonda and Kumar (2022)

14. CASE STUDY by Kumar and Tayde (2017)

15. CASE STUDY by Nagaraju and Kumar(2022)

16. CASE STUDY by Neelofor and Kumar (2022)

17. CASE STUDY Acetamiprid 20 SP is superior

18. CASE STUDY by Lakshmi and Kumar (2021)

19. CASE STUDY by Samota et.al(2017)

20. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
 Revealed that, among the different treatments, the lowest per cent population reduction of chilli thrips was recorded in
Imidacloprid 70% WG (94.523%) followed by acetamiprid 20% SP (92.313%), Indoxacarb 14.5 SC (90.98%). It is
followed by Fipronil 5% SC (88.57%) and Diafenthiuron 50% WP (85.92%), Thiamethoxam 25% WG (84.40%) and
Neem oil 1500ppm (81.78%) was the least effective among all treatments. Thuppukonda and Kumar (2022)
 Among all the treatments lowest per cent reduction of chilli thrips was recorded in Fipronil 5% SC (94.06%). Similar
findings made by Venkateswarlu et al. (2021) with (93.82%), Babu et al. (2021) with 92.86%, Indumathi et al. (2017)
[7], Tukaram et al. (2017). Nagaraju and Kumar(2022)
 Results of study on the efficacy of certain insecticides against chilli thrips population are presented in table 1,2,3,and
4. The mean data of all observations regarding the efficacy of different treatments against chilli thrips revealed that all
the treatments were significantly effective over the control in reducing the pest population. Spinosad 0.15 ml/ lt
recorded highest reduction of thrips population ie., 0.525 / plant (91.41%) which was significantly superior over
control followed by Imidacloprid 0.05 ml/lt (87.62%), Pymetrozine 0.2 ml/lt (83.98%), Emamectin benzoate 0.4gm/lt
(80.59%), Acetamiprid 0.05 g/lt (75.01%), Thiacloprid 0.05 ml/lt (70.62%) and Acephate 0.75 gm/lt (62.67%)was
least effective among all the treatments. Lakshmi and Kumar (2021)

21.  The results suggest that all the treatments of neonicotinoid except dinotefuran 20 SG, performed significantly better
than the standard check, acephate 75 SP. The pre-treatment count of thrips during the first season varied between 3.45
and 4.27 per leaf. The highest per cent reduction in thrips population was recorded in Acetamiprid (93.54%)
followed by thiamethoxam(90.06%), imidacloprid (88.09%) and Clothianidin(82.35%). Plots treated with thiacloprid
recorded 79.67per cent reduction in thrips population and was at par with acephate (79.08%) while dinotefuran was
observed to be the most inferior treatment against Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood with 76.01 per cent reduction in
population. Rai and Sarkar(2022)
 The data on percent population reduction of Scirtothrips dorsalis over control on third, seventh and tenth day after
spraying revealed that all the treatments were significantly superior over control. Among all the treatments T7
Spinosad 0.15ml/l recorded highest reduction of Scirtothrips dorsalis population i.e., (95.21%) which was
significantly superior over control followed by T4 Acetamiprid 1.0 mg/l (88.61%), T2 Diafenthiuron 0.010 mg/l
(86.52%), T6 Sixer plus 2ml/l (85.21%),T5 Indoxacarb 0.15 ml/l (83.70%), T3 Mech-333 2ml/l (81.75%), and T1
Neem oil 4 ml/l (78.91%) was least effective to control population of Scirotothrips dorsalis in comparision to other
selected insecticides and biopesticides. Neelofor and Kumar (2022)

22.  Total ten treatments including untreated control were taken for test their efficacy. On the basis of mean per cent
reduction in thrips population in all the three sprays the treatment of acetamiprid (82.62%) was found to be the
most effective, followed by thiamethoxam (80.79%), imidacloprid (77.90%), fipronil (76.38%) and standard
check (71.92%), former three treatments were statistically at par with each other in their efficacy. The treatments
of spinosad and NSKE with 61.65 and 48.95 per cent reduction, formed a moderately effective group of
insecticides, however, both were differed significantly to each other. The minimum reduction was noticed in M.
anisopliae (33.60%) and B. bassiana (34.86%) and both were comparable to each other. Samota et al. (2017)
 Among all the treatments Spinosad 0.015% recorded highest reduction of Scirtothrips dorsalis population i.e.
(71.21%) which was significantly superior to control followed by Imidacloprid 0.005% (67.58%), Pongamia oil
4% (55.78%) Neem oil 2.5ml/l (55.64%),Garlic sap extract 10g/Lit. (53.03%), NSKE5% (50.03%) and
Beauveria bassiana 2gm/Lit (33.36%) was least effective among all the treatments. Kumar and Tayde (2017)

23. CONCLUSION
 From the critical analysis of various articles as discussed above it is
concluded that among all the treatment Imidacloprid 70 % WG
recorded highest reduction of Scirtothrips dorsalis population i.e.,
(94.5%) followed by Fipronil 5% SC (94.06%),Spinosad 45% SC
(91.45%),Acetamiprid 20 SP (90.31%), Diafenthiuron 50% WP
(86.39%), Neem oil 2500 ppm (61.04%) and Metarhizium
anisopliae 1.15 WP (33.60%).

24. REFERENCE
 Rai, P., and Sarkar, K. (2022). Efficacy of some promising neonicotinoids against Scirtothrips
dorsalis Hood infesting chilli, their impact on the important natural enemies and economic benefits in
West Bengal. Journal of Crop and Weed, 18(2), 253-258.
 Neelofor, B. S., and Kumar, A. (2022). Comparitive efficacy and cost benefit ratio of selected
insecticides and biopesticides against chilli Thrips. The Pharma Innovation Journal 2022; 11(5): 250-
253.
 Geetha, R., and Selvarani, K. (2017). A study of chilli production and export from India.
International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 3(2), 205-210.
 Tirkey, S, S. and Ashwani Kumar. (2017). Efficacy of selected insecticides against chilli thrips
{Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood)} on chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) in Allahabad. Journal of
Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(5): 322-324.

25.  Samota, R. G., Jat, B. L., and Choudhary, M. D. (2017). Efficacy of newer insecticides and biopesticides
against thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood in chilli. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(4),
1458-1462
 Nagaraju, R., and Kumar, A. (2022). Comparative field efficacy of selected insecticides against chilli
thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood) on chilli at Naini, Prayagraj (UP). The Pharma Innovation Journal,
2389-2392.
 Lakshmi, K. S. I., and Kumar, A. (2021). Efficacy of selected insecticides against chilli thrips,
Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood) on chilli, Capsicum annum Linnaeus. Journal of Entomology and Zoology
Studies 2021; 9(1): 126-130.
 Thuppukonda, M and Kumar, A. (2022). Efficacy of selected insecticides against chilli thrips
(Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood) The Pharma Innovation Journal, 11(5): 591-595.
 Kurbett, A., Gopali, J., Allolli, T., Patil, S., Kumar, V. and Kurbett, K. (2018).Evaluation of different
IPM modules against pest complex of chilli (cv. Byadgi dabbi). Journal of Entomology and Zoology
Studies, 6(2): 1991-1996.