Blood Transfusion
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Blood transfusion involves transfusing components like packed red blood cells, platelet-rich plasma, fresh frozen plasma, and cryoprecipitate to treat conditions like anemia. Complications can include acute hemolytic reactions, transfusion-related lung injury, circulatory overload, and infections. Symptoms of complications involve fever, chills, pain, hypotension, and organ damage. Precautions include testing patient and donor blood samples before and after transfusion for compatibility. Nepal currently lacks standardized blood transfusion guidelines and more studies are needed on transfusion reactions.
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2) Common indications for transfusion include improving oxygen carrying capacity, treating anemia, and volume replacement after blood loss.
3) Potential complications include non-hemolytic fever reactions, circulatory overload, transfusion-related lung injury, hemolysis, and disease transmission, though screening has reduced the latter. Careful patient selection and monitoring can help prevent complications.
Blood Transfusion
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- Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions within 24 hours can cause fever, hypotension, hemoglobinuria, and are treated with hydration. Delayed reactions over 24 hours are usually milder and extravascular.
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Blood transfusion involves transferring blood or blood components from a donor to a recipient. It is a life-saving procedure but can also lead to adverse reactions. Precautions must be taken before transfusion to ensure compatible blood types, including blood grouping, crossmatching, and screening donors for diseases. Potential transfusion complications include acute hemolytic reactions, febrile reactions, allergic reactions, circulatory overload, and infections being transmitted from the donor. Long term issues may also occur like iron overload, graft-versus-host disease, or post-transfusion purpura. Careful patient monitoring during and after transfusion can help manage any reactions.
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This document summarizes complications of blood transfusion, including immediate and delayed immunologic and non-immunologic complications. Immunologic complications include acute hemolytic transfusion reactions, febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions, allergic/anaphylactic reactions, TRALI, delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions, and TA-GVHD. Non-immunologic complications include transfusion-transmitted infections, TACO, iron overload, and complications related to massive transfusion.
Dengue fever recent advances
This document provides an overview of dengue fever, including:
1. It describes the dengue virus, its vector Aedes aegypti mosquito, and the disease's pathogenesis and clinical presentations ranging from mild dengue fever to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome.
2. It outlines the laboratory diagnosis and management approach divided into three groups - outpatient, inpatient, and emergency treatment groups.
3. It discusses treatment approaches for different clinical stages of the disease as well as vector control methods and the status of vaccine development.
N.couse case study_hit
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a complication of heparin therapy where platelet counts decrease. There are two types: immune-mediated HIT which can be dangerous and cause clots, and non-immune mediated HIT which is self-limited. Symptoms include bleeding or clots. Diagnosis involves platelet count drops and antibody tests. Treatment requires stopping heparin and using alternative anticoagulants to prevent dangerous clots. Nurses monitor patients on heparin closely for signs of HIT and intervene appropriately.
Semelhante a Blood Transfusion (20)
Anaesthesia to patiens with liver disease or a liver transplant
Anaesthesia to patiens with liver disease or a liver transplant
shock and blood trasfution problems and complications
shock and blood trasfution problems and complications
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) - Renal Perspective - Dr. Gawad
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) - Renal Perspective - Dr. Gawad
Acute kidney injury and renal replacement therapies [autosaved]
Acute kidney injury and renal replacement therapies [autosaved]
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Management of co vid 19
This document provides information on the management of CoViD 19. It discusses the virology of SARS-CoV-2, symptoms of CoViD 19, transmission routes, diagnosis methods including RT-PCR testing and CT scans, treatment approaches based on illness severity from mild to severe pneumonia and ARDS, and those at high risk of severe illness such as older patients and those with underlying medical conditions. Pathology findings include diffuse alveolar damage and lymphocytic infiltrates in severe cases.
Management of snakebite envenoming(first aid treatment and transport
This document provides guidance on the management of snakebite envenoming, including first aid treatment, rapid clinical assessment and resuscitation, antivenom treatment, and monitoring. It recommends immobilizing and rapidly transporting victims to the hospital. Upon arrival, victims should receive a rapid clinical assessment and ABCDE resuscitation if needed. Antivenom treatment is indicated for systemic envenoming and should be administered as early as possible via IV. Victims receiving antivenom require close monitoring for potential anaphylactic reactions.
Organophosphate poisoning
This document provides information on organophosphate poisoning, including its history, epidemiology, mechanisms of action, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management. Some key points:
Organophosphates were first synthesized in the 1800s and later developed as insecticides and chemical weapons. Worldwide, an estimated 3 million people are exposed annually, resulting in up to 300,000 fatalities. Organophosphates inhibit cholinesterase enzymes, leading to cholinergic excess and symptoms like SLUDGE. Diagnosis involves history of exposure and testing for cholinesterase inhibition. Management consists of atropine for muscarinic effects, pralidoxime as a cholinesterase reactivator, oxygen
Vasculitis
Vasculitis refers to inflammation of blood vessels. This document discusses the pathophysiology, classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of various types of vasculitis. The main types include large vessel vasculitis (e.g. giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis), medium vessel vasculitis (e.g. polyarteritis nodosa, Kawasaki disease), small vessel vasculitis (ANCA-associated vasculitis like granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis), and immune complex small vessel vasculitis (e.g. IgA vasculitis, antiglomer
Acute kidney injury
This document provides an overview of acute kidney injury (AKI), formerly known as acute renal failure. It discusses the definition, epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, urine and blood findings, complications, supportive management including nutrition and monitoring, indications for hemodialysis, timing of dialysis initiation, and prognosis. AKI is characterized by sudden impairment of kidney function and retention of waste products. It commonly occurs in hospitalized patients, especially those in the intensive care unit. The most widely used diagnostic criteria are from KDIGO. Common causes include acute tubular necrosis, prerenal azotemia, and acute injury superimposed on chronic kidney disease. Supportive care focuses on fluid
IriS
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) is a collection of inflammatory disorders associated with paradoxical worsening of preexisting infectious processes following initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected individuals. IRIS occurs in 10-30% of patients starting ART, usually within the first 4-8 weeks. It is more common in patients starting ART with CD4 counts <50 cells/μl. Common pathogens that cause IRIS include Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Cryptococcus, and cytomegalovirus. Symptoms include fever, lymphadenitis, and worsening of pulmonary and neurological symptoms. Management involves continuing ART and treating any underlying infections, with corticosteroids
Scrub typhus
Scrub typhus is caused by the bacteria Orientia tsutsugamushi, which is transmitted through the bites of infected trombiculid mites. It causes an acute febrile illness with symptoms such as fever, headache, and rash. The disease is endemic in parts of Asia and the Pacific. Diagnosis is made through serologic tests detecting antibodies or PCR detecting bacterial DNA. Treatment involves doxycycline or azithromycin antibiotics. Prevention focuses on avoiding mite bites through protective clothing and insect repellents. There were major outbreaks of scrub typhus in Nepal in 2015 and 2016.
Scrub typhus
Scrub typhus is caused by the bacteria Orientia tsutsugamushi, which is transmitted through the bites of infected trombiculid mites. It causes an acute febrile illness with symptoms such as fever, headache, and rash. If left untreated, it can lead to complications affecting multiple organs and the case fatality rate is 7%. Diagnosis is made through serologic tests detecting antibodies or PCR detecting bacterial DNA. Treatment involves doxycycline or azithromycin antibiotics, with fever typically resolving within 1-2 days. Prevention involves wearing protective clothing, using insect repellent, and clearing vegetation to limit mite habitats.
Autism
Early recognition of autism is important for maximizing developmental outcomes through early intervention. Autism is characterized by impairments in social communication and interaction, as well as restrictive and repetitive behaviors. Diagnosis involves screening during well-child visits followed by a comprehensive evaluation by a team using tools like the ADOS and ADI-R. While there is no cure, treatments aim to improve skills through behavior, communication, and occupational therapies while also addressing sensory and medical issues.
Influenza bird flu
- Avian influenza, or bird flu, is caused by influenza A viruses that naturally infect wild birds and can infect domestic poultry and occasionally humans.
- There are different subtypes of avian influenza viruses based on two surface proteins (H and N), with H5N1, H7N9, and H9N2 having caused human infections. These viruses usually do not transmit easily between people but can cause severe disease.
- Symptoms of avian influenza in humans are similar to seasonal influenza but can also cause severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress, multi-organ failure and death. Human cases have occurred primarily after unprotected contact with infected birds.
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hepatic encephalopathy is a neuropsychiatric syndrome caused by liver dysfunction. It ranges from mild cognitive changes to coma. It is classified into type A (acute liver failure), type B (portosystemic shunts without liver disease), and type C (cirrhosis and chronic liver failure). Diagnosis involves assessing for signs of liver disease and ruling out other causes of mental status changes. Grading scales evaluate symptoms from subtle to coma. Tests for minimal hepatic encephalopathy without overt symptoms include psychometric tests and critical flicker frequency. Treatment focuses on reducing ammonia levels and managing the underlying liver disease.
Risk stratification ugi
This document discusses risk stratification and management of upper GI bleeding. It covers epidemiology, clinical presentations, risk scoring systems used to stratify patients pre-endoscopy like the Blatchford score, Rockall score, and AIMS65 score. It describes the approach to patients including history, physical exam, resuscitation, indications for endoscopy, and endoscopic hemostasis techniques. The goal is to assess bleeding severity, identify sources, determine risk factors, and guide appropriate management.
Nafld
This document discusses nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It defines NAFLD and notes that it ranges from simple fatty liver (steatosis) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The global prevalence of NAFLD is estimated to be 6-35% and is increasing. Risk factors include obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and genetics. Diagnosis involves imaging or biopsy to identify hepatic steatosis and excluding other causes. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like diet and exercise as well as managing associated conditions. Medications may help but liver transplantation is sometimes needed for advanced disease.
Acute pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis is a common cause of hospitalization. It has various causes including gallstones and alcohol use. It involves inflammation of the pancreas that can range from mild to severe. In severe cases, it has a mortality rate of up to 80% if not properly managed in the first 24 hours. Key aspects of management include IV fluids, pain relief, considering antibiotics in certain situations, early nutritional support preferably through enteral feeding, and evaluating any complications through imaging such as CT scan. Scoring systems can help determine prognosis.
Mais de Rajesh Mandal (14)
Management of snakebite envenoming(first aid treatment and transport
Management of snakebite envenoming(first aid treatment and transport
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Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Skin Diseases That Happen During Summer.
Summer is a time for fun in the sun, but the heat and humidity can also wreak havoc on your skin. From itchy rashes to unwanted pigmentation, several skin conditions become more prevalent during these warmer months.
What are the different types of Dental implants.
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and Synonyms
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
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Full Handwritten notes of RA by Ayush Kumar M pharm - Al ameen college of pha...ayushrajshrivastava7
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Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
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PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s Perspective
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
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Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7
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This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
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Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and Synonyms
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and Synonyms
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Full Handwritten notes of RA by Ayush Kumar M pharm - Al ameen college of pha...
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)
Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
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STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7
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“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
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June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
Blood Transfusion
- 1. Blood transfusion Dr Rajesh K Mandal MD(Internal Medicine,NAMS)
- 2. Indications • Restrictive vs Liberal • Transfusion threshold • Specific patient population
- 4. Components • PRBCs • PRP • FFP • Cryoprecipitate
- 7. Complications • Acute (intravascular) hemolytic reaction • Delayed (extravascular) hemolytic reaction • Febrile non-hemolytic reaction • Allergic (urticarial) reaction • Bacterial contamination • Transfusion-related acute lung injury • Transfusion-associated circulatory overload • Primary hypotensive reaction • Post-transfusion purpura • Graft-vs.-host disease • Metabolic complications
- 10. Features • Fever,chills • Back pain • Pain along infusion vein • Hypotension • Renal failure • DIC • Chest pain • Generalized bleeding • Hemoglobinemia • Hemoglobinuria • Shock • Nausea • Vomitting • Facial flushing • Dyspnea
- 11. • Sample from blood bag Repeat ABO, Rh, Ab screening • Patient sample Pre Tx sample Repeat ABO, Rh, Ab screening Post Tx sample Repeat ABO, Rh, Ab screening, DAT, CBC, UA, Bilirubin, BUN, Cr, Coagulation screening • Repeat compatibility test - Pre Tx sample & Donor unit - Post Tx sample & Donor unit
- 12. Precautions
- 13. • no blood transfusion guideline in nepal • few studies on BT reactions