Behavioural Economics: making a case against rational choice theory.
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Included questions to ask the audience. Anchoring, weighting function, prospect theory, system 1, system 2, Daniel Kahneman, Herbert A Simon, rational choice theory.
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major cause of security failures. We conducted 2 behav-
ioral experiments to explore whether and how cyber
security decision-making responses depend on gain–loss
framing and salience of a primed recall prior experience. In
Experiment I, we employed a 2 9 2 factorial design,
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versus absence of a prior near-miss experience. Results
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general paradigm, framing all consequences in a loss frame
and manipulating recall to include one of three possible
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a loss of data. Results indicate that the manipulated prior
hit experience significantly increased the likelihood of
respondents’ endorsement of a safer response relative to
the manipulated prior near-miss experience. Conversely,
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decreased respondents’ likelihood of endorsing a safer
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Keywords Cyber security � Framing effect �
Near-miss � Decision making
1 Introduction
Individual users regularly make decisions that affect the
security of their personal devices connected to the internet
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Individuals' Choices: Traditional and Behavioral Finance Perspectives
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Heather Rosoff • Jinshu Cui • Richard S. John
Published online: 28 September 2013
� Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract Cyber security often depends on decisions
made by human operators, who are commonly considered a
major cause of security failures. We conducted 2 behav-
ioral experiments to explore whether and how cyber
security decision-making responses depend on gain–loss
framing and salience of a primed recall prior experience. In
Experiment I, we employed a 2 9 2 factorial design,
manipulating the frame (gain vs. loss) and the presence
versus absence of a prior near-miss experience. Results
suggest that the experience of a near-miss significantly
increased respondents’ endorsement of safer response
options under a gain frame. Overall, female respondents
were more likely to select a risk averse (safe) response
compared with males. Experiment II followed the same
general paradigm, framing all consequences in a loss frame
and manipulating recall to include one of three possible
prior experiences: false alarm, near-miss, or a hit involving
a loss of data. Results indicate that the manipulated prior
hit experience significantly increased the likelihood of
respondents’ endorsement of a safer response relative to
the manipulated prior near-miss experience. Conversely,
the manipulated prior false-alarm experience significantly
decreased respondents’ likelihood of endorsing a safer
response relative to the manipulated prior near-miss
experience. These results also showed a main effect for age
and were moderated by respondent’s income level.
Keywords Cyber security � Framing effect �
Near-miss � Decision making
1 Introduction
Individual users regularly make decisions that affect the
security of their personal devices connected to the internet
and, in turn, to the security of the cybersphere. For
example, th ...
Expected utility theory
Expected utility theory provides a framework for modeling rational decision making under uncertainty. It was first proposed in the 18th century and suggests that rational investors will make decisions based on both the potential outcomes of an investment and the probabilities of those outcomes occurring. The document outlines several key assumptions of expected utility theory, such as ranking alternatives and preferring dominant investments. It also discusses criteria for investment decisions under the theory, such as maximizing expected return. Finally, it reviews several other economic theories that are based on or related to expected utility theory, such as marginal utility theory, game theory, and subjective expected utility theory.
Payoffs Probabilities and Preferences
This document summarizes an honors thesis that examines how varying the scale of financial incentives in economic experiments affects measured risk preferences. The thesis conducted a study using Holt and Laury's lottery choice framework with three treatments that differed in payoff structures and probabilities to induce risk behavior. The study found that increasing the scale of payoffs resulted in significantly more risk-averse behavior. Contrary to other research, demographic factors like gender and risky behaviors from a follow-up survey did not predict risk preferences. Self-financing college did predict more risk-averse choices in two treatments, suggesting income should be controlled for. The results provide evidence that the scale of incentives used is important for eliciting realistic risk behavior in experiments.
Microeconomics paper (undergrad)
This paper analyzes consumer choice and its impact on microeconomic trends. It discusses how the theory of consumer choice shapes demand curves and how wages and interest rates affect consumption. It also reviews asymmetric information and how it influences economic transactions. The paper examines the Condorcet voting paradox and Arrow's impossibility theorem. Finally, it discusses irrational behavior in economics and how it can impact demand curves.
A Review of “Counterfactual thinking and the first instinct fallacy” by Kruge...
This document summarizes a research article by Kruger, Wirtz, and Miller (2005) that examines the "first instinct fallacy" - the incorrect belief that initial gut feelings or instincts are more likely to be correct than reconsidering one's answer. Through four studies, the researchers found that people overestimate the accuracy of sticking with their first choice and underestimate the benefits of changing answers. They conclude that preferential memory for instances of changing a right answer to a wrong one contributes to beliefs in the effectiveness of first instincts despite evidence against it. Examples like the Monty Hall problem further illustrate how intuition can be misleading.
Mo Tanweer on Behavioural economics (2010)
Behavioural economics attempts to incorporate insights from psychology into economics by studying how real people make decisions rather than assuming perfectly rational behaviour. It observes how people use mental shortcuts and make inconsistent, irrational decisions due to biases, framing effects, and lack of self-control. For example, people irrationally pay more for aspirin when the price is higher. Behavioural economics advocates for public policies and designs that acknowledge human psychology rather than assuming perfect rationality.
A k a d e m i k A r a ç t i r m a l a r D e r g i s i 2 0 1 0 .docx
A k a d e m i k A r a ç t i r m a l a r D e r g i s i 2 0 1 0 , S a y i 4 6 , S a y f a l a r 1 - 9
INDIVIDUALS' CHOICES: TRADITIONAL
AND BEHAVIORAL FINANCE
I PERSPECTIVES
Kadir Can YALÇIN'
INTRODUCTION
Traditional finance ignores the psychological and behavioral
dimensions of individuals' choices. Because of this ignorance, behavioral
finance has emerged in order to obtain a better explanation about how
psychological factors affect individuals' behaviors and decisions.
Individuals' choices from the behavioral finance perspective differ
from the traditional finance perspective. According to traditional finance,
human behavior is rational during the decision making process described by the
expected utility theory. That is, individuals always try to maximize their utilities
by setting limits to their feelings and act only by using their minds as super-
calculator, emotionless robots.
On the other hand, according to behavioral finance, this kind of
rationality is hypothetical and, in reality, individuals suffer some cognitive
limitations when they have to make decisions incorporating the prospect theory.
Prospect theory is the descriptive explanation of how people behave and it has
served as an anchor for behavioral finance supporters.
The aim of this paper is to examine the question "are individuals
rational or not" during the decision making process by comparing the traditional
and behavioral finance point of views and will begin with the expected utility
theory. Next, the prospect theory and the mental accounting will be presented.
' EXPECTED UTILITY THEORY I
Uncertainty is present in almost all decisions concerning both social
and business hfe, but financial decisions constitute a special case. Yet, one is
expected to make healthy decisions when faced with uncertainty, because our
decisions will designate how much pleasure and enjoyment will be attained in
life. In economic terms, pleasure and enjoyment are defined as a utiliry. In other
1
Akademik
Araçtirmalar
Dergisi
Individuals' Choices: Traditional and Behavioral Finance Perspectives
words, utility consists of pleasure and prevented pain'. However, it is quite
difficult to measure utility in economical terms.
Daniel Bernoulli^ developed for the first time, an "Expected Utility
Theory" in 1738; subsequently, it was formulated by John von Neumann and
Oscar Morgenstern in 1944\ This model is widely accepted today as a
formulated way of explaining rational human behavior under uncertainty by
using a measurable utility function. The basic logic behind the expected utility
theory is rationality. Kahneman and Smith" described the term rationality as
follows "rationality means that deci.non-maker use available information in a
logical and systematic way, so as to make optimal choices given the
alternatives at hand and the objective to be reached"
The theory always expects rational behaviors from human beings no
matter what the circumstances are. That is, economic actors are ratio.
Introduction to Behavioural Finance
This document provides an overview of the history and major works in the field of behavioural finance. It discusses early works from the late 19th/early 20th century exploring the psychology of markets. Major developments include prospect theory by Kahneman and Tversky in the 1970s, which found people overweight small probabilities and are loss averse. Their work on heuristics and biases also showed how psychology influences judgments. Behavioural concepts like mental accounting and overreaction have since helped explain apparent market inefficiencies. The field continues to incorporate psychological findings to better understand financial decision making.
Preference reversal
This document summarizes an experiment by Grether and Plott on preference reversals. In the experiment, subjects were asked to choose between two gambles and then state prices for the gambles. For many subjects, their stated preferences from choices and prices were reversed, violating assumptions of economic theory. Grether and Plott found preference reversals occurred even when addressing economists' concerns about incentives and language. This suggests a fundamental flaw in economic theories assuming perfectly rational choice. Later research found preference reversals reduced but not eliminated by higher stakes, awareness of consequences, or market pressures. Failures of transitivity and procedural invariance appear to explain many preference reversals.
Anastasi Lecture 2008
1. The document discusses how decision theory and test-taking behavior research can provide insights into psychometrics and test construction.
2. It analyzes factors like the optimal number of response options, the benefits and drawbacks of guessing, and how the framing of scoring rules like penalties vs bonuses can influence test-taker behavior.
3. The author argues that standard psychometric assumptions do not always reflect how test-takers actually analyze situations and make decisions, and that accounting for behavioral factors could improve test quality.
Miller 14e 447476_01
This chapter introduces key concepts in economics. Microeconomics studies individual decision-making of households and firms, while macroeconomics examines economy-wide phenomena. Economists assume individuals rationally pursue self-interest, responding to incentives. Economics is a science that uses models and data to predict behavior, though some question full rationality. Positive economics describes what is, while normative economics involves value judgments about what should be.
Miller 14e 447476_01
This chapter introduces key concepts in economics. Microeconomics studies individual decision-making of households and firms, while macroeconomics examines economy-wide phenomena. Economists assume individuals rationally pursue self-interest, responding to incentives. Economics is a science that uses models and data to predict behavior, though some question full rationality. Positive economics describes what is, while normative economics involves value judgments about what should be.
Cognitive bias
Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from rational judgment that occur in human decision making. There are over 188 known types of cognitive biases that fall under categories like decision making biases, social biases, and memory errors. Some examples of cognitive biases include anchoring bias, where people rely too heavily on the first piece of information offered; bandwagon effect, where people do something because others are doing it regardless of their own beliefs; and confirmation bias, where people interpret information in a way that confirms their preexisting beliefs. Understanding cognitive biases is important because they influence how people think and make judgments in ways that can lead to irrational decisions.
FINAL MICRO PAPER
This document provides background and motivation for a study examining determinants of stock market participation and risky asset allocation among Canadian households. Specifically, it discusses how previous literature has studied factors like age, gender, education level, and others that may influence an individual's willingness to hold stocks. The author develops a simple economic model framing the decision between investing in risky stocks versus less risky assets. The goal is to better understand individual investor behavior and stock market participation based on analysis of a Canadian household survey.
Semelhante a Behavioural Economics: making a case against rational choice theory. (20)
The portfolio choice in emergent markets a rational or a behavioral decision
The portfolio choice in emergent markets a rational or a behavioral decision
11.the portfolio choice in emergent markets a rational or a behavioral decision
11.the portfolio choice in emergent markets a rational or a behavioral decision
The Role of Agent-Based Modelling in Extending the Concept of Bounded Rationa...
The Role of Agent-Based Modelling in Extending the Concept of Bounded Rationa...
behavioral finance:theories, issues and challenges
behavioral finance:theories, issues and challenges
UNDERSTANDING DECISION/ GAME THEORY FOR BETTER RISK ASSESSMENT.
UNDERSTANDING DECISION/ GAME THEORY FOR BETTER RISK ASSESSMENT.
RATIO ANALYSIS RATIO ANALYSIS Note Please change the column names.docx
RATIO ANALYSIS RATIO ANALYSIS Note Please change the column names.docx
A Review of “Counterfactual thinking and the first instinct fallacy” by Kruge...
A Review of “Counterfactual thinking and the first instinct fallacy” by Kruge...
A k a d e m i k A r a ç t i r m a l a r D e r g i s i 2 0 1 0 .docx
A k a d e m i k A r a ç t i r m a l a r D e r g i s i 2 0 1 0 .docx
Último
在线办理(UMASS毕业证书)马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校毕业证完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UMASS毕业证书)马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Accounting Information Systems (AIS).pptx
An accounting information system (AIS) refers to tools and systems designed for the collection and display of accounting information so accountants and executives can make informed decisions.
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024)
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
New Visa Rules for Tourists and Students in Thailand | Amit Kakkar Easy Visa
Discover essential details about Thailand's recent visa policy changes, tailored for tourists and students. Amit Kakkar Easy Visa provides a comprehensive overview of new requirements, application processes, and tips to ensure a smooth transition for all travelers.
Fabular Frames and the Four Ratio Problem
Digital, interactive art showing the struggle of a society in providing for its present population while also saving planetary resources for future generations. Spread across several frames, the art is actually the rendering of real and speculative data. The stereographic projections change shape in response to prompts and provocations. Visitors interact with the model through speculative statements about how to increase savings across communities, regions, ecosystems and environments. Their fabulations combined with random noise, i.e. factors beyond control, have a dramatic effect on the societal transition. Things get better. Things get worse. The aim is to give visitors a new grasp and feel of the ongoing struggles in democracies around the world.
Stunning art in the small multiples format brings out the spatiotemporal nature of societal transitions, against backdrop issues such as energy, housing, waste, farmland and forest. In each frame we see hopeful and frightful interplays between spending and saving. Problems emerge when one of the two parts of the existential anaglyph rapidly shrinks like Arctic ice, as factors cross thresholds. Ecological wealth and intergenerational equity areFour at stake. Not enough spending could mean economic stress, social unrest and political conflict. Not enough saving and there will be climate breakdown and ‘bankruptcy’. So where does speculative design start and the gambling and betting end? Behind each fabular frame is a four ratio problem. Each ratio reflects the level of sacrifice and self-restraint a society is willing to accept, against promises of prosperity and freedom. Some values seem to stabilise a frame while others cause collapse. Get the ratios right and we can have it all. Get them wrong and things get more desperate.
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...AntoniaOwensDetwiler
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.The state of welfare Resolution Foundation Event
How has Britain’s safety net changed since 2010 and what comes next?
高仿英国伦敦艺术大学毕业证（ual毕业证书）文凭证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【英国伦敦艺术大学毕业证（ual毕业证书）文凭证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...
Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...Labour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.OAT_RI_Ep20 WeighingTheRisks_May24_Trade Wars.pptx
How will new technology fields affect economic trade?
Governor Olli Rehn: Inflation down and recovery supported by interest rate cu...
Governor Olli Rehn
Bank of Finland
Press conference on the outlook for the Finnish economy
Helsinki, 11 June 2024
真实可查(nwu毕业证书)美国西北大学毕业证学位证书范本原版一模一样
原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(nwu毕业证书)美国西北大学毕业证学位证书》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...Labour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.快速制作美国迈阿密大学牛津分校毕业证文凭证书英文原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国迈阿密大学牛津分校毕业证文凭证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
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澳洲RMIT毕业证书制作RMIT假文凭定制Q微168899991做RMIT留信网教留服认证海牙认证改RMIT成绩单GPA做RMIT假学位证假文凭高仿毕业证申请墨尔本皇家理工大学RMIT University degree offer diploma Transcript
Enhancing Asset Quality: Strategies for Financial Institutions
Ensuring robust asset quality is not just a mere aspect but a critical cornerstone for the stability and success of financial institutions worldwide. It serves as the bedrock upon which profitability is built and investor confidence is sustained. Therefore, in this presentation, we delve into a comprehensive exploration of strategies that can aid financial institutions in achieving and maintaining superior asset quality.
Tdasx: In-Depth Analysis of Cryptocurrency Giveaway Scams and Security Strate...
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How to Use Payment Vouchers in Odoo 18.
Every business, big or small, deals with outgoing payments. Whether it’s to suppliers for inventory, to employees for salaries, or to vendors for services rendered, keeping track of these expenses is crucial. This is where payment vouchers come in – the unsung heroes of the accounting world.
What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightness
What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightnessLabour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.快速办理(RWTH毕业证书)德国亚琛工业大学毕业证录取通知书一模一样
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Behavioural Economics: making a case against rational choice theory.
- 2. Behavioural vs Classical Economics Classical Economics In general economists design their models assuming people are perfectly rational and predictable: homo economicus attempt to maximise their utility in all instances (rational choice theory). Behavioural Economics Behavioural economists do not subscribe to rational choice theory, they believe individuals make irrational decisions and explore dynamics thereof. Behavioural Ec
- 3. Topics that will be covered: Anchoring Herd Behaviour Prospect Theory Regret Theory
- 4. Anchoring •The use of irrelevant information as a reference for evaluating or estimating some unknown value or information. •Investors with an anchoring bias tend to hold investments to an anchor (normally original price) rather than being guided by fundamentals. (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2013)
- 5. (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2013)
- 6. Response latencies for lexical decisions as a function of word type and anchor (Mussweiler & Strack, 2000).
- 7. Steve Jobs’ IPAD Retail Price Anchoring (EverySteveJobsVideo, 2013)
- 8. IPAD Actual Retail Price (EverySteveJobsVideo, 2013)
- 10. Scenario 1 Given: £1,000 Choice A: 50% chance of gaining £1,000 Choice B: 100% chance of gaining £500
- 11. Scenario 2 Given: £2,000 Choice A: 50% chance of losing £1,000 Choice B: 100% chance of losing £500
- 12. Framing of Prospects Scenario 1 Given £1,000 Choice A: 50% chance of gaining £1,000 Choice B: 100% chance of gaining £500 Scenario 2 Given £2,000 Choice A: 50% chance of losing £1,000 Choice B: 100% chance of losing £500 • “In the first [scenario], a large majority of respondents preferred the sure thing” (Kahneman, 2013). • “In the second [scenario], a large majority preferred the gamble” (Kahneman, 2013).
- 13. Prospect Theory Helps to explain risk appetite Loses and gains are valued differently Investors are more likely to realise gains than losses. Equivalent choice can be presented in differing context of gain or loss. (Phung, 2007)
- 14. Weighting Function (Natural Money, 2014)
- 16. Herd Behaviour The tendency for individuals to mimic the actions (rational or irrational) of a larger group “It's unlikely that such a large group could be wrong!” “They must have an information advantage!” “I don’t want to be a victim of information asymmetry!”
- 17. (Wuerker, 2004)
- 18. Regret Theory Fearing the consequences of both errors of omission (e.g., not buying the right [optimal] investment property) and commission (e.g., buying the wrong [suboptimal] investment property) Individual evaluates his or her expected reactions to a future event or situation Regret is the emotion caused by comparing a given outcome, or state of events, with the state of a foregone choice.
- 19. The Bat and Ball Problem A bat and ball together cost £1.10, the bat costs £1 more than the ball. How much does the ball cost?
- 20. Bat and Ball Problem Cont. The ball costs 5 pence. Bat (£1.05) – Ball (£0.05) = Difference of £1 More than 50% of students at Harvard, MIT, and Princeton gave the intuitive—incorrect—answer. At less selective universities, the rate of demonstrable failure to check was in excess of 80% (Kahneman, 2013).
- 21. Reducing Exposure Rationality is an adaptive tool. People require an adaptive toolbox: different domains of thought require different specialized cognitive mechanisms. Gerd Gigerenzer (Alchetron, n.d.)
- 22. FURTHER READING
- 23. Reference List Alchetron (n.d.). Gerd Gigerenzer. [image] Available at: http://tedxzurich.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/gerd_gigerenzer_slider- 770x425.jpg [Accessed 21 Oct 2017]. Farrar, Straus and Giroux (2013). Anchoring. [image] Available at: https://i.ytimg.com/vi/HefjkqKCVpo/maxresdefault.jpg [Accessed 21 Oct 2017]. Kahneman, D. (2013). Thinking, fast and slow. 1st ed. London: Penguin, pp.1-281. Mussweiler, T. and Englich, B. (2005). Subliminal anchoring: Judgmental consequences and underlying mechanisms. [online] Science Direct, pp.141-149. Available at: https://www.hf.uni-koeln.de/data/dppsenglich/File/PDFSStudien/obhdp98.pdf [Accessed 21 Oct 2017]. Natural Money (2014). Weighting Function. [image] Available at: http://www.naturalmoney.org/pic/fm_weighting_function.jpg [Accessed 21 Oct 2017]. Phung, A. (2007). Value Function. [image] Available at: http://i.investopedia.com/inv/articles/site/JoyLoss.gif [Accessed 21 Oct 2017]. SMBC Comics (2017). Eat the Appple. [image] Available at: http://smbc-comics.com/comic/eat-the-apple [Accessed 21 Oct 2017]. Wuerker, M. (2004). Lemming Logic. [image] Available at: http://www.contributors.ro/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/lemingi.jpg [Accessed 21 Oct 2017].