A presentation for undergraduate Education on ADHD. for more, and for original PPTXs, visit:
https://psych.thinkific.com
My question bank:
https://psych.thinkific.com/courses/Psychiatry-question-bank-for-MRCPsych
This document discusses Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It summarizes that ADHD is a condition affecting children and adults, characterized by problems with attention, impulsivity, and overactivity. It notes the prevalence of ADHD is approximately 7.5% in children. The document discusses the subtypes of ADHD and clinical presentation. It explores the impact of ADHD, including academic limitations, relationships issues, and legal difficulties. Etiology discussed includes neuroanatomical, neurochemical, genetic, and environmental factors. Assessment and diagnosis involves clinical history and rating scales. The prognosis is improved with treatment but many symptoms persist into adulthood without treatment.
The document summarizes changes to diagnostic criteria for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the DSM-5, including removing the age of onset criterion of 7 years and including examples to help clinicians. It provides the diagnostic criteria for ADHD, including inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms. It discusses prevalence, gender differences, comorbidities, differential diagnosis, assessment methods, etiology, interventions including medications and behavioral therapies, and references.
ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 9% of school-aged children worldwide. The exact causes are unknown but risk factors include genetic predisposition and complications during pregnancy or birth. Diagnosis involves ruling out other potential causes through clinical evaluation, history, physical exam, and behavior rating scales to assess the severity and impacts of symptoms. Effective treatment options include behavioral therapy and medications.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADHD)ishamagar
This document discusses attention deficit disorder (ADD), including its four types and their characteristics. It provides details on symptoms, causes, diagnosis criteria, and treatment approaches for ADD with hyperactivity (ADHD). Key information includes that ADHD is one of the most common childhood disorders, affecting 3-5% of school-aged children. It involves inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Treatment may involve behavioral therapy, pharmacological therapy with stimulants or non-stimulants, or a combination approach depending on the child's age. Nursing management focuses on ensuring a safe environment and developing a trusting relationship to encourage the child.
This document discusses intellectual disability, including definitions, classifications, prevalence, causes, assessment, management, and issues faced by children with intellectual disability in the MENA region. It provides details on the DSM-5 and ICD-11 classifications and describes the assessment process. It notes that intellectual disability is often co-occurring with other neurological or mental health conditions. The document also discusses prevention, early intervention, education, and support services that can help children with intellectual disability and their families.
The document provides an overview of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), including its definition, clinical presentation, diagnosis criteria according to DSM-V, epidemiology, common comorbidities, prognosis, and management approaches. ADHD is defined as a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects about 5-8% of children and 2.5% of adults worldwide, and diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms, impairment, age of onset, and ruling out alternative causes according to DSM-V criteria. Management involves behavioral interventions, stimulant medications, and other pharmacological and non-pharmacological options.
The document discusses attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including:
1) ADHD is characterized by diminished sustained attention and high impulsivity compared to others of the same age. It has three main types and affects 5-10% of the US population, predominantly males.
2) ADHD has genetic and neurological causes like central nervous system insults and dysfunction of the noradrenergic and dopamine systems. Stimulant medications are the first-line treatment as they target these systems.
3) Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms, impairment, history, and ruling out other conditions. Treatment includes medication, behavioral modifications, and accommodations at home and school to help manage symptoms.
This document discusses Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It summarizes that ADHD is a condition affecting children and adults, characterized by problems with attention, impulsivity, and overactivity. It notes the prevalence of ADHD is approximately 7.5% in children. The document discusses the subtypes of ADHD and clinical presentation. It explores the impact of ADHD, including academic limitations, relationships issues, and legal difficulties. Etiology discussed includes neuroanatomical, neurochemical, genetic, and environmental factors. Assessment and diagnosis involves clinical history and rating scales. The prognosis is improved with treatment but many symptoms persist into adulthood without treatment.
The document summarizes changes to diagnostic criteria for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the DSM-5, including removing the age of onset criterion of 7 years and including examples to help clinicians. It provides the diagnostic criteria for ADHD, including inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms. It discusses prevalence, gender differences, comorbidities, differential diagnosis, assessment methods, etiology, interventions including medications and behavioral therapies, and references.
ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 9% of school-aged children worldwide. The exact causes are unknown but risk factors include genetic predisposition and complications during pregnancy or birth. Diagnosis involves ruling out other potential causes through clinical evaluation, history, physical exam, and behavior rating scales to assess the severity and impacts of symptoms. Effective treatment options include behavioral therapy and medications.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADHD)ishamagar
This document discusses attention deficit disorder (ADD), including its four types and their characteristics. It provides details on symptoms, causes, diagnosis criteria, and treatment approaches for ADD with hyperactivity (ADHD). Key information includes that ADHD is one of the most common childhood disorders, affecting 3-5% of school-aged children. It involves inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Treatment may involve behavioral therapy, pharmacological therapy with stimulants or non-stimulants, or a combination approach depending on the child's age. Nursing management focuses on ensuring a safe environment and developing a trusting relationship to encourage the child.
This document discusses intellectual disability, including definitions, classifications, prevalence, causes, assessment, management, and issues faced by children with intellectual disability in the MENA region. It provides details on the DSM-5 and ICD-11 classifications and describes the assessment process. It notes that intellectual disability is often co-occurring with other neurological or mental health conditions. The document also discusses prevention, early intervention, education, and support services that can help children with intellectual disability and their families.
The document provides an overview of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), including its definition, clinical presentation, diagnosis criteria according to DSM-V, epidemiology, common comorbidities, prognosis, and management approaches. ADHD is defined as a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects about 5-8% of children and 2.5% of adults worldwide, and diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms, impairment, age of onset, and ruling out alternative causes according to DSM-V criteria. Management involves behavioral interventions, stimulant medications, and other pharmacological and non-pharmacological options.
The document discusses attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including:
1) ADHD is characterized by diminished sustained attention and high impulsivity compared to others of the same age. It has three main types and affects 5-10% of the US population, predominantly males.
2) ADHD has genetic and neurological causes like central nervous system insults and dysfunction of the noradrenergic and dopamine systems. Stimulant medications are the first-line treatment as they target these systems.
3) Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms, impairment, history, and ruling out other conditions. Treatment includes medication, behavioral modifications, and accommodations at home and school to help manage symptoms.
This document provides an overview of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) including predictive factors, characteristics, changes from DSM-IV to DSM-V criteria, the diagnostic process, screening tools, controversies, and service options. It discusses how early diagnosis is important for intervention outcomes. Screening tools like MCHAT and diagnostic tools like ADI-R and ADOS are described. The capstone goal is to survey pediatricians on ASD diagnostic practices and training.
Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors. It is a highly heritable and heterogeneous condition. The document discusses the history of autism, epidemiology, etiology including genetic and environmental factors, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. Autism is typically diagnosed by age 2 and is more common in boys than girls. While the exact causes are unknown, both genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role in its development.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) previously known as pervasive developmental disorder is a childhood disorder characterized by lack of communication skills and social interactions resulting in social withdrawal
Autism spectrum disorders are a group of developmental disabilities characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication. They affect about 1 in 110 children and are more common in boys. While the specific causes of autism are unknown, genetic factors are considered the most significant cause. There is no known cure for autism, though various treatments can help manage symptoms. Some successful individuals with autism include Temple Grandin and Tito Mukhopadhyay, who have advocated for autism awareness and research.
This document provides information about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), including what it is, common signs and symptoms, and tips for managing it at home. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. It is caused by underactivity in the frontal lobes of the brain. Common signs include difficulty sustaining attention, problems with impulse control, and hyperactivity. Effective management involves frequent positive feedback, clear rules and consequences, structure, patience, and understanding that behaviors are due to the disorder rather than the child. Resources for parents include support groups and educational books and materials.
This document provides information on autism spectrum disorders including:
- A brief history noting early descriptions by Kanner and Maudsley.
- Epidemiology showing prevalence of 2 per 1000, higher rates in males, and associations with intellectual disability.
- Etiology discussing theories including genetic, neurological, immunological and perinatal factors.
- Clinical features such as impairments in social skills, communication deficits, stereotyped behaviors and sensory issues.
- Diagnostic classifications including autism, Asperger's syndrome, and other conditions under the pervasive developmental disorder umbrella.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Symptoms must be present for at least 6 months and interfere with functioning. It is normally first diagnosed in school-aged children who have trouble paying attention, controlling behavior, and sitting still. While the exact causes are unknown, ADHD is thought to involve both genetic and environmental factors. Treatments include medication, behavioral therapy, or a combination to help manage symptoms and improve functioning.
This document defines attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and discusses its symptoms, causes, and treatment options. ADHD is one of the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders in children and can continue into adulthood. Symptoms in children include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Adults with ADHD may struggle with time management, organization, and relationships. The cause of ADHD is unknown but is thought to involve genetic and environmental factors that impact brain development. Treatment involves medication, therapy, education/behavior plans, and lifestyle changes to manage symptoms. With proper treatment, many people with ADHD live fulfilling lives.
Asperger's syndrome is a type of pervasive developmental disorder that involves delays in social skills, communication, and imagination. Children with Asperger's syndrome typically function better than those with autism, having normal intelligence and language development. Symptoms include problems with social interactions, repetitive behaviors, communication difficulties, narrow interests, and clumsy movements. The exact cause is unknown but genetics may play a role, and estimates show it affects 1 in 250 to 1 in 10,000 children, occurring more often in males.
This document provides an overview of intellectual disability (ID). It begins with definitions and causes of ID including prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors. Specific genetic syndromes like Down syndrome and Fragile X syndrome are discussed. The approach involves a detailed history, physical exam, IQ assessment using tests like the WISC, and basic investigations. Management aims to improve quality of life through treating medical conditions, nutrition, education/therapy, and supportive services. Prognosis depends on severity of ID. Prevention focuses on identifying issues early and addressing factors like nutrition and healthcare access.
This document defines intellectual disability and provides information about its symptoms, causes, criteria, levels, limitations and treatment. Intellectual disability is a term used to describe limitations in cognitive functioning and skills that are diagnosed before age 18 and involve an IQ below 70-75 as well as limitations in adaptive behaviors. Causes can include genetic conditions, injuries, diseases or unknown factors. Treatment focuses on behavior therapy, occupational therapy, counseling and in some cases medication.
The world’s population is ageing rapidly, and with it is coming to a significant increase in the number of
older people with dementia. This increase presents major challenges for the provision of healthcare
generally and for dementia care in particular, for as more people have dementia, there will be more
people exhibiting behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD).
BPSD exact a high price from both the patient and the caregiver in terms of the distress and disability
they cause if left untreated. BPSD is recognisable, understandable and treatable. The recognition and
appropriate management of BPSD are important factors in improving our care of dementia patients
and their caregivers,
ADHD is a common disorder affecting 3-5% of school-aged children. It is characterized by inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms, which must be present in multiple settings, and determining impairment. Treatment may include behavioral therapy, environmental modifications, medications like stimulants, and an IEP. Nurses play an important role in medication administration, safety, behavioral observation, advocacy, and supporting adherence to treatment plans.
1. Dementia is defined as a progressive impairment of cognitive functions occurring in clear consciousness. The most common causes are Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia, and vascular dementia.
2. Neuroimaging and neuropathological findings help characterize different dementias. Alzheimer's disease shows hippocampal and temporal lobe atrophy on MRI and beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles microscopically. Frontotemporal dementia presents with frontal and anterior temporal lobe atrophy.
3. Treatment involves pharmacological interventions like cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine for Alzheimer's, as well as non-pharmacological approaches like cognitive stimulation, environmental modifications, and
The document discusses Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), including its definition, history of labels used, prevalence rates globally and in India, and characteristics. It provides details on the diagnostic criteria for ADHD according to the DSM-IV and DSM-V, as well as the definition and characteristics according to ICD-10. The document also discusses possible biological contributors to ADHD such as differences found in brain structure and activity levels in regions such as the prefrontal cortex, corpus callosum, striatum, and cerebellum.
ADHD also known as hyperkinetic disorder is a common childhood disorder among school aged children that is characterised by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity resulting in an underachievement in the school or work performance.
Conduct disorder is a psychiatric condition characterized by persistent patterns of violating rules and social norms. It typically emerges in childhood or adolescence and is more common in boys. To be diagnosed, the behaviors must negatively impact the child's life and occur repeatedly. Common behaviors include aggression, destruction of property, deceit, and theft. Risk factors include genetic vulnerability, abuse, neglect, and brain damage. Treatment involves behavior therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, anger management, and parental training programs.
The document defines and discusses several types of learning disorders: reading disorder, mathematics disorder, and disorder of written expression. It provides details on the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, comorbidities, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of each disorder based on the DSM-IV-TR. It also discusses a category of learning disorder not otherwise specified for problems that do not meet the criteria for a specific learning disorder but still significantly interfere with academic achievement.
Diagnosis &management of autistic spectrum disordersAbhishek Joshi
Autism spectrum disorders are characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication. The cause is unknown but believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors. Diagnosis involves developmental screening followed by a comprehensive evaluation. Treatments aim to improve social and communication skills and include applied behavioral analysis, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and others. Prognosis depends on the individual, with early intervention improving outcomes for many.
- Child psychiatry deals with psychiatric disorders that are relatively specific to children and adolescents, arising during development. These include intellectual disabilities, learning disorders, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and other conditions.
- Assessing children requires developmentally appropriate evaluations that involve families and others, using concrete language and observation. Diagnoses involve psychological testing and consider developmental norms.
- Common childhood conditions addressed in child psychiatry include intellectual disabilities, learning disorders, autism, ADHD and other neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorders. Treatment involves educational and behavioral interventions along with treating any comorbidities.
Introtroduction to mental health disordersssuser49ebb6
The document discusses several common mental health disorders in children and adolescents. It begins by providing epidemiological data on the prevalence of disorders such as ADHD, depression, and anxiety in the US. It then categorizes and describes several neurodevelopmental, mood, anxiety, disruptive behavior, trauma-related, eating, and intellectual disorders. For each disorder, it discusses epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. It provides the most detail on autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
This document provides an overview of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) including predictive factors, characteristics, changes from DSM-IV to DSM-V criteria, the diagnostic process, screening tools, controversies, and service options. It discusses how early diagnosis is important for intervention outcomes. Screening tools like MCHAT and diagnostic tools like ADI-R and ADOS are described. The capstone goal is to survey pediatricians on ASD diagnostic practices and training.
Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors. It is a highly heritable and heterogeneous condition. The document discusses the history of autism, epidemiology, etiology including genetic and environmental factors, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. Autism is typically diagnosed by age 2 and is more common in boys than girls. While the exact causes are unknown, both genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role in its development.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) previously known as pervasive developmental disorder is a childhood disorder characterized by lack of communication skills and social interactions resulting in social withdrawal
Autism spectrum disorders are a group of developmental disabilities characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication. They affect about 1 in 110 children and are more common in boys. While the specific causes of autism are unknown, genetic factors are considered the most significant cause. There is no known cure for autism, though various treatments can help manage symptoms. Some successful individuals with autism include Temple Grandin and Tito Mukhopadhyay, who have advocated for autism awareness and research.
This document provides information about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), including what it is, common signs and symptoms, and tips for managing it at home. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. It is caused by underactivity in the frontal lobes of the brain. Common signs include difficulty sustaining attention, problems with impulse control, and hyperactivity. Effective management involves frequent positive feedback, clear rules and consequences, structure, patience, and understanding that behaviors are due to the disorder rather than the child. Resources for parents include support groups and educational books and materials.
This document provides information on autism spectrum disorders including:
- A brief history noting early descriptions by Kanner and Maudsley.
- Epidemiology showing prevalence of 2 per 1000, higher rates in males, and associations with intellectual disability.
- Etiology discussing theories including genetic, neurological, immunological and perinatal factors.
- Clinical features such as impairments in social skills, communication deficits, stereotyped behaviors and sensory issues.
- Diagnostic classifications including autism, Asperger's syndrome, and other conditions under the pervasive developmental disorder umbrella.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Symptoms must be present for at least 6 months and interfere with functioning. It is normally first diagnosed in school-aged children who have trouble paying attention, controlling behavior, and sitting still. While the exact causes are unknown, ADHD is thought to involve both genetic and environmental factors. Treatments include medication, behavioral therapy, or a combination to help manage symptoms and improve functioning.
This document defines attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and discusses its symptoms, causes, and treatment options. ADHD is one of the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders in children and can continue into adulthood. Symptoms in children include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Adults with ADHD may struggle with time management, organization, and relationships. The cause of ADHD is unknown but is thought to involve genetic and environmental factors that impact brain development. Treatment involves medication, therapy, education/behavior plans, and lifestyle changes to manage symptoms. With proper treatment, many people with ADHD live fulfilling lives.
Asperger's syndrome is a type of pervasive developmental disorder that involves delays in social skills, communication, and imagination. Children with Asperger's syndrome typically function better than those with autism, having normal intelligence and language development. Symptoms include problems with social interactions, repetitive behaviors, communication difficulties, narrow interests, and clumsy movements. The exact cause is unknown but genetics may play a role, and estimates show it affects 1 in 250 to 1 in 10,000 children, occurring more often in males.
This document provides an overview of intellectual disability (ID). It begins with definitions and causes of ID including prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors. Specific genetic syndromes like Down syndrome and Fragile X syndrome are discussed. The approach involves a detailed history, physical exam, IQ assessment using tests like the WISC, and basic investigations. Management aims to improve quality of life through treating medical conditions, nutrition, education/therapy, and supportive services. Prognosis depends on severity of ID. Prevention focuses on identifying issues early and addressing factors like nutrition and healthcare access.
This document defines intellectual disability and provides information about its symptoms, causes, criteria, levels, limitations and treatment. Intellectual disability is a term used to describe limitations in cognitive functioning and skills that are diagnosed before age 18 and involve an IQ below 70-75 as well as limitations in adaptive behaviors. Causes can include genetic conditions, injuries, diseases or unknown factors. Treatment focuses on behavior therapy, occupational therapy, counseling and in some cases medication.
The world’s population is ageing rapidly, and with it is coming to a significant increase in the number of
older people with dementia. This increase presents major challenges for the provision of healthcare
generally and for dementia care in particular, for as more people have dementia, there will be more
people exhibiting behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD).
BPSD exact a high price from both the patient and the caregiver in terms of the distress and disability
they cause if left untreated. BPSD is recognisable, understandable and treatable. The recognition and
appropriate management of BPSD are important factors in improving our care of dementia patients
and their caregivers,
ADHD is a common disorder affecting 3-5% of school-aged children. It is characterized by inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms, which must be present in multiple settings, and determining impairment. Treatment may include behavioral therapy, environmental modifications, medications like stimulants, and an IEP. Nurses play an important role in medication administration, safety, behavioral observation, advocacy, and supporting adherence to treatment plans.
1. Dementia is defined as a progressive impairment of cognitive functions occurring in clear consciousness. The most common causes are Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia, and vascular dementia.
2. Neuroimaging and neuropathological findings help characterize different dementias. Alzheimer's disease shows hippocampal and temporal lobe atrophy on MRI and beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles microscopically. Frontotemporal dementia presents with frontal and anterior temporal lobe atrophy.
3. Treatment involves pharmacological interventions like cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine for Alzheimer's, as well as non-pharmacological approaches like cognitive stimulation, environmental modifications, and
The document discusses Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), including its definition, history of labels used, prevalence rates globally and in India, and characteristics. It provides details on the diagnostic criteria for ADHD according to the DSM-IV and DSM-V, as well as the definition and characteristics according to ICD-10. The document also discusses possible biological contributors to ADHD such as differences found in brain structure and activity levels in regions such as the prefrontal cortex, corpus callosum, striatum, and cerebellum.
ADHD also known as hyperkinetic disorder is a common childhood disorder among school aged children that is characterised by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity resulting in an underachievement in the school or work performance.
Conduct disorder is a psychiatric condition characterized by persistent patterns of violating rules and social norms. It typically emerges in childhood or adolescence and is more common in boys. To be diagnosed, the behaviors must negatively impact the child's life and occur repeatedly. Common behaviors include aggression, destruction of property, deceit, and theft. Risk factors include genetic vulnerability, abuse, neglect, and brain damage. Treatment involves behavior therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, anger management, and parental training programs.
The document defines and discusses several types of learning disorders: reading disorder, mathematics disorder, and disorder of written expression. It provides details on the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, comorbidities, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of each disorder based on the DSM-IV-TR. It also discusses a category of learning disorder not otherwise specified for problems that do not meet the criteria for a specific learning disorder but still significantly interfere with academic achievement.
Diagnosis &management of autistic spectrum disordersAbhishek Joshi
Autism spectrum disorders are characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication. The cause is unknown but believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors. Diagnosis involves developmental screening followed by a comprehensive evaluation. Treatments aim to improve social and communication skills and include applied behavioral analysis, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and others. Prognosis depends on the individual, with early intervention improving outcomes for many.
- Child psychiatry deals with psychiatric disorders that are relatively specific to children and adolescents, arising during development. These include intellectual disabilities, learning disorders, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and other conditions.
- Assessing children requires developmentally appropriate evaluations that involve families and others, using concrete language and observation. Diagnoses involve psychological testing and consider developmental norms.
- Common childhood conditions addressed in child psychiatry include intellectual disabilities, learning disorders, autism, ADHD and other neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorders. Treatment involves educational and behavioral interventions along with treating any comorbidities.
Introtroduction to mental health disordersssuser49ebb6
The document discusses several common mental health disorders in children and adolescents. It begins by providing epidemiological data on the prevalence of disorders such as ADHD, depression, and anxiety in the US. It then categorizes and describes several neurodevelopmental, mood, anxiety, disruptive behavior, trauma-related, eating, and intellectual disorders. For each disorder, it discusses epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. It provides the most detail on autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
The document discusses several childhood disorders categorized into 10 diagnostic subgroups. These include mental retardation, learning disorders, motor skills disorders, communication disorders, pervasive developmental disorders, attention deficit and disruptive behavior disorders, feeding and eating disorders of infancy and early childhood, tic disorders, elimination disorders, and other disorders of infancy, childhood, or adolescence. Specific disorders discussed in more depth include mental retardation, learning disorders, tic disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, separation anxiety disorder, autism, and Asperger's disorder. Causes, characteristics, prevalence, gender differences, treatments and prognoses are described for each.
1) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a brain disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interferes with functioning.
2) While the specific causes are unknown, genetic and environmental factors like smoking during pregnancy may play a role. ADHD is associated with lower dopamine levels in the brain.
3) Diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms like poor attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity based on reports from parents and teachers. Stimulant medications and behavioral therapy are commonly used to treat ADHD.
This document summarizes common childhood psychiatric disorders presented by doctors in Bangladesh. It discusses:
1. The increasing prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children worldwide and in Bangladesh based on epidemiological studies.
2. Common disorders seen in Bangladeshi children including anxiety disorders, ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, somatic symptom disorder, and elimination disorders.
3. The causes of rising psychiatric disorders in children such as modern life stresses, technology overuse, and family changes. Treatment approaches including behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy are mentioned.
This document provides an overview of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It discusses that ADHD is a neuropsychiatric condition affecting people worldwide, characterized by diminished sustained attention, increased impulsivity, and hyperactivity. The worldwide prevalence is estimated to be 5.29%. Genetic factors play a large role in its etiology, and treatments include stimulant medications like methylphenidate and non-stimulant medications like atomoxetine. The diagnosis of ADHD is based on criteria from the DSM-5 and involves symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity interfering with functioning.
This is a fascinating and informative introduction to the causes, consequences, diagnosis and treatment of ADHD. It is appropriate for parents, teachers, undergraduate and graduate students.
This document discusses Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and impact. It notes that ADHD is a neurobiological disorder caused by low dopamine levels in the brain. It affects 7-15% of school-aged children and is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Left untreated, children with ADHD are at higher risk for problems in school, with peers, substance abuse, and criminal behavior. However, multimodal treatment including medication, education, and behavior management can help children with ADHD succeed. The document also reports that minority children are underdiagnosed and undertreated for ADHD.
common psychiatric disorders hab.pptx revssuser49ebb6
The document discusses several common mental health disorders in children and adolescents. It begins by providing epidemiological data, noting that 11.3% of US children have a mental disorder with ADHD being most prevalent. It then categorizes disorders and provides more detail on selected categories including neurodevelopmental disorders like intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. It discusses symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for these conditions. The document also covers anxiety disorders like separation anxiety disorder and selective mutism.
This document discusses alternative approaches to treating ADHD without medication. It notes that ADHD is often misdiagnosed and many conditions can cause ADHD-like symptoms. Stimulant medications for ADHD like Ritalin have many potential side effects and may cause long-term brain changes. Lifestyle factors like nutrition, sleep, screen time, and treating underlying conditions provide a safer alternative or addition to medications for managing ADHD symptoms.
Childhood disorder in abnormal psychology.Lianne Dias
The document provides an overview of several childhood disorders including ADHD, conduct disorder, autism, mental retardation, learning disabilities, enuresis, encopresis, and separation anxiety. It discusses the key characteristics, causes, and treatment approaches for each disorder. The presentation aims to educate about externalizing disorders like ADHD and conduct disorder that cause problems for others, as well as internalizing disorders such as depression and anxiety that cause problems for the self. Medication and behavioral therapy are frequently used treatment approaches. Genetic and environmental factors can contribute to the development of many of these conditions.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurobehavioral disorders of childhood that is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-10% of school-aged children. The exact causes are unknown but risk factors include genetics and environmental influences. Diagnosis involves ruling out other potential causes and determining that symptoms interfere with functioning. Treatment includes behavioral therapy, medication such as stimulants, and ensuring proper support and accommodations. While childhood ADHD often persists into adulthood, treatment and management can significantly reduce long-term risks and impairments.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication, and by restrictive and repetitive behavior. It is caused by differences in the brain and is diagnosed through assessments of social skills and development. While there is no cure, early diagnosis and treatment including behavioral therapies and social skills training can help children with ASD develop skills and improve functioning.
Child and adolescent psychiatry is the branch of psychiatry that specializes in the study, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of psychopathological disorders in children, adolescents and their families. It involves clinical investigation of the phenomenology, biologic factors, psychosocial factors and response to interventions of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. The first academic child psychiatry department in the world was founded by Leo Kanner in Baltimore in 1933.
This document provides an overview of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) including autism spectrum disorder, Rett syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, Asperger's syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. It discusses the characteristics, causes, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of each disorder. The disorders are characterized by delays in socialization and communication skills. Management involves early intervention, education, behavioral therapies, social skills training, medications, and creating structure and routine.
Childhood psychiatric disorders can affect emotions, behavior, and relationships. They are described as serious changes that cause distress and problems. Worldwide, 10-20% of children experience mental disorders, with conditions like ADHD, intellectual disabilities, anxiety, and behavioral/emotional disorders being most common. Accurate diagnosis involves assessing development, behaviors, intelligence testing, and medical evaluations to determine the best treatment approaches like medication management, therapy, and environmental supports.
This document provides information on childhood psychiatric disorders, with a focus on mental retardation and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It states that psychiatric disorders among children are serious changes in emotions, behavior, or relationships that cause distress. Worldwide, 10-20% of children experience mental disorders. Common childhood psychiatric disorders include intellectual disability, ADHD, emotional disorders like separation anxiety, and behavioral/emotional disorders like enuresis and sleep disorders. The document discusses the classification, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, management, and prevention of mental retardation and provides details on the epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosis of ADHD according to DSM-V criteria.
Semelhante a Attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (justpsychiatry) (20)
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Hiranandani Hospital in Powai, Mumbai, is a premier healthcare institution that has been serving the community with exceptional medical care since its establishment. As a part of the renowned Hiranandani Group, the hospital is committed to delivering world-class healthcare services across a wide range of specialties, including kidney transplantation. With its state-of-the-art facilities, advanced medical technology, and a team of highly skilled healthcare professionals, Hiranandani Hospital has earned a reputation as a trusted name in the healthcare industry. The hospital's patient-centric approach, coupled with its focus on innovation and excellence, ensures that patients receive the highest standard of care in a compassionate and supportive environment.
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There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
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Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
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share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
2. Scenario 1
“Musa is constantly forgetting things. His
homework is rarely finished, and his parents
describe homework time as “a nightmare.”
Children with ADHD frequently have
difficulty paying attention top tasks at
hands.
3. Scenario 2
“Osman can hardly stay in his seat during
class and gets up as soon as the bell rings.
During lunchtime, he grabs other students’
food and frequently cuts in line”
Sitting still, or in one place, for a long period
of time is torture for many kids with ADHD.
4. Terms
ADHD and ADD >> DSM 5,
• The American Psychiatric
Association.
• Hyperkinetic Disorder >> ICD 10
• World Health Organization.
5. Definition
• A disorder characterized by three groups of symptoms
• Inattentiveness, hyperactivity and impulsiveness.
• Second most common psychiatric disorder of Childhood.
8. Inattention
• Makes careless mistakes
• Difficulty sustaining attention
• Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
• Fails to follow tasks and instructions
• Exhibits poor organization
• Avoids tasks requiring mental effort
• Loses things necessary for tasks/activities
• Easily distracted
• Seems forgetful in daily activities
9. Hyperactivity/Impulsivity
• Fidgets with or taps hands or feet, turns in seat
• Leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected
• Experiences feelings of restlessness
• Has difficulty engaging in quiet, leisurely activities
• Is “on-the-go” or acts as if “driven by a motor”
• Talks excessively
• Blurts out answers
• Has difficulty waiting their turn
• Interrupts or intrudes on others
10. Other Criteria
9 symptoms in
each category.
6 required to make
the diagnosis.
Onset before
12 year of age.
persisting for 6
months.
Pervasive
across
situations
(Home, Class,
Clinic)
Inappropriate
for
developmental
age.
Impaired
functioning.
Not better
explained by
any other
diagnosis.
17. Prognosis
• About 50% of cases diagnosed in childhood retain
full diagnosis in adolescence
• About 10-20 % cases diagnosed in childhood retain
diagnosis in Adulthood
• Prognosis is poor when overactivity is severe,
associated with learning difficulties and antisocial
behavior
18. Prognosis
• Adults with ADHD can experience more opportunities
to ‘live with’ the disorder as they no longer need to
attend school with its associated institutional demands
and can choose career paths more suited to their work
patterns and needs.
• Many adults with ADHD describe poor motivation,
inattention and poor organization---Problems at work
and relationships.
• Comorbid mood disorders and substance misuse are
common in Adulthood
19. Prognosis Unmedicated individuals
appear to have higher rates
of:
• Substance Abuse
• Antisocial PD,
• Other PD and psychiatric
disorder,
• Academic failure,
• Unemployment,
• Accidents
Reference:
Barkley 2001, Rasmussen & Gillberg 2000, Biederman et al 1998
20. Assessment
• Full developmental assessment: Pregnancy,
birth, developmental milestones, medical
history, Family history
• Screening Tools/Scales: Connors Rating
Scale( Parent, Teacher and Child version)
• Clinical Interview with parents
• Clinical Interview with Child
• School Information: School report forms or
School visit
• MSE for comorbid Psychiatric conditions
• Psychosocial assessment for needs of child
and carers.
21. Speech and Language assessment.
if delay present.
Screen for comorbidities:
• Tourette’s Syndrome,
• Autism,
• Conduct Disorder
25. Methylphenidate
• Inhibits reuptake of Dopamine and Norepinephrine (block transporters_
• Increased Dopaminergic/Noradrenergic activity in prefrontal Cortex
• Prefrontal Cortex---regulates attention and behavior
• Difference from Amphetamines: Does not promote dopamine release from
synaptic vesicles.
26. Biological 2) Non-Stimulant Medications :
Atomoxetine ( Straterra)—Nor-
adrenaline reuptake inhibitor
with no potential for abuse.
3) Antipsychotics : Risperidone =
severe co-existing aggression and
agitation in those intellectual
disability
30. “Will taking a stimulant
make my child more likely
to take street drugs?”
ADHD increases the risk of your child
developing substance abuse. It
seems from recent research that
your child’s risk may decrease with
use of ADHD medication
31. “What are the long term affects of ADHD
medications?”
Methylphenidate has been in use for over 50 years, so we are aware and monitor for most side effects.
It is believed that treating your child for ADHD is more beneficial than not. Risks of road traffic accidents,
substance misuse and criminality seem to decrease with treated ADHD.
33. • Stimulants do not increase IQ (Advokat et al. 2008)
• Students are taking unnecessary risks including the
potential for harmful side effects, which may cause
psychosis sudden death.
• Potential for dependence.
• Do not offer as much help to people with greater
intellectual abilities.
34. Thankyou; this ends the
presentation.
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