This document provides a visual guide to citing various source types in APA style. It includes examples of how to cite books, journal articles, newspapers, reports, scholarly projects, online lecture notes, encyclopedia entries, and religious/classical works. For each source type, the guide displays the general citation structure and includes an example citation. The document emphasizes locating necessary citation information like authors, titles, dates, and publishers in the correct bibliographic order.

1. APA Visual Guides
Part1

2. Table of Contents
1 Books
pp. 2-4
2 Journal articles
pp. 5-6
3 Newspapers
pp. 7-9
4 Reports
pp. 10-11
5 Scholarly projects
pp. 12-13
5 Online lecture notes
pp. 14
7 Encyclopedias
pp. 15
8 Religious/classical works
pp. 16

3. APA Visual Guides Part 1
Thisguidewillprovidevisualexamples ofcitingthefollowingin
APAstyle:
• Books
• Journalarticles
• Newspapers
• Reports
• Scholarlyprojects(theses/dissertations)
• Lecturenotes
• Encyclopediaentries
• Religious/classicalworks
BesuretocheckoutPart2,whichprovidesvisualguidesfor
citingmultimedia andelectronicsourcetypes.
1

4. APA Visual Guides Part 1
Structure:
Author, F.M.(Yearofpublication). Titleofwork. Publisher City,State:Publisher.
TitlePage
Muchoftheinformationyouneed to
create aprintbookcitation canbe
foundonthe title page.
The title pageisfoundwithin the first
coupleofpagesofthe book.
Titleofwork
Author
Publisher
Publisher
city/state
Year of
publication
Citinga book inprint
Citation:
James,H.(2009).Theambassadors. Rockville, MD:SerenityPublishers.
*Capitalizethe firstletter ofthe firstwordofthe titleand anysubtitles(the firstwordthat
followsacolon),aswell asthe firstletter ofanypropernouns.SeeourAPACitation Basics
guideortheAPAPublicationManualformoreinformation.
2

5. APA Visual Guides Part 1
*Somee-booksmaybeavailableonlinethroughyourlibrary’sdatabasesorcatalog.
Citingan e-book foundina database
Structure:
Author, F.M.(Yearofpublication).Titleofwork. Retrievedfromhttp://xxxxx OR
doi:xxxxx
Titleofwork
Authors
Year of
publication
DOI
Citation:
Rodriguez-Garcia, R.,&White,E.M.(2005). Self-assessment inmanaging for
results: Conducting self-assessment fordevelopmentpractitioners. doi:
10.1596/9780-82136148-1
3

6. APA Visual Guides Part 1
Kindle HDX
Booktitle
Author
Year of
Publication
Structure:
Author, F.M.(Yearofpublication).Titleofwork[E-reader version]. Retrieved
fromhttp://xxxxx OR doi:xxxxx
Citation:
Stoker,B.(2000).Dracula[Kindle HDXversion]. Retrievedfrom
http://www.overdrive.com/
Citingane-book from ane-reader (Kindle,iPad,nook, etc.)
4
Version

7. APA Visual Guides Part 1
Citinga journalarticle foundonline(ina databaseor elsewhere)
Structure:
Author, F.M.(Publication year).Articletitle. PeriodicalTitle,Volume(Issue),
pp.-pp. doi:XX.XXXXX ORRetrievedfromjournalURL
*Database information andretrievaldatearenotrequiredinAPAjournal articlecitations.
DOI
Title
Author
Periodical title
Publicationyear
Volumeand issue
Citation:
Trier, J.(2007).“Cool”engagements withYouTube: Part2. Journal of
Adolescent &Adult Literacy,50(7),598-603.doi:10.1598/JAAL.50.7.8
*IfnoDOIislisted,usetheperiodical’shomepageURL(e.g., Retrievedfromhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/
journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1936-2706).
5

8. APA Visual Guides Part 1
Citinga journalarticle foundinprint
Structure:
Author, F.M.,Author, F.M,&Author, F.M.(Publicationyear).Articletitle.
PeriodicalTitle,Volume(Issue), pp.-pp.
Title
Author
Periodical title
Publicationyear
Volumeand issue
Citation:
Lin,M.G.,Hoffman,E.S.,& Borengasser, C.(2013).Issocial mediatoosocialfor
class? Acase study ofTwitteruse. TechTrends, 57(2),39-45.
6

9. APA Visual Guides Part 1
Citinga newspaperinprint
Structure:
Author, F.M.(Year,MonthDateofpublication). Articletitle. Newspaper Title,
pp. xx-xx.
*Ifthearticleisprintedondiscontinuouspages,listallofthepagenumbers/ranges andseparate
themwithacomma. (e.g.,pp.C2,C4,C7-9.)
Citation:
Bowman, L.(1990,March 7).BillstargetLakeErie mussels. ThePittsburgh
Press,pp. A4.
Newspaper title
Author
Article
title
Page
Publicationdate
7

10. APA Visual Guides Part 1
Structure:
Author, F.M.(Year,MonthDateofpublication). Articletitle. Newspaper Title.
Retrievedfromnewspaper homepage URL
Citingan onlinenewspaper
Citation:
Kaplan, K.(2013,October22).Flushots mayreduce risk ofheart attacks,
strokes andevendeath. LosAngelesTimes.Retrievedfrom
http://www.latimes.com
Newspaper
title
Author
Article
title
Publicationdate
*UsetheURLofthenewspaper’s home pagetoavoidbroken links.
8

11. APA Visual Guides Part 1
Tips for Citing OnlineNewspaper Articles
• Youdonotneedtoincluderetrievalinformation(e.g.,dateof
access)inAPAcitationsforelectronicresources.
• Ifyoufoundanewspaper articlethroughanonlinedatabase
(e.g.,EBSCO’sAcademicSearchComplete),youdonotneed
toincludethatinformationinthecitation,either.
• IfaURLrunsacrossmultiplelines oftextinthecitation,break
theURLoffbeforepunctuation(e.g.,periods,forward
slashes) –excepthttp://.
• WhenyouuseabibliographytoollikeEasyBibtohelpyou
withyourcitations,makesureyouarecitinganewspaper
article–notawebsite!
9

12. APA Visual Guides Part 1
Citingan onlinereport
Cover page
Structure:
Author, F.M.(Publication year). Titleofreport(Report No.XXX).Retrieved
fromAgency namewebsite:URL
*Iftheagencyisidentifiedastheauthor,donotincludeitintheretrievalinformation.
Agencyname Titleofreport
Titlepage Publicationyear
Acknowledgements page
Author
Citation:
Gorbunova, Y.(2013).Lawsofattrition:Crackdown onRussia’s civilsociety
afterPutin’sreturntothepresidency. RetrievedfromHuman Rights
Watch website:http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/
russia0413_ForUpload_0.pdf
*Sincenoreportnumberwasidentified,itwasnotincludedinthecitation. 10

13. APA Visual Guides Part 1
Citinga print report
Structure:
Author, F.M.(Publication year). Titleofreport(Report No.XXX).Publisher
City,State:Publisher.
*Ifnospecificauthorisidentified,listtheorganizationbehindthereport.
Acknowledgements page
Publisher
Publisher
city/state
Citation:
Turnitin. (2013). What’swrongwithWikipedia?: Evaluating thesources usedby
students. Oakland, CA: iParadigms, LLC.
Cover page
Organization
(noauthorlisted)
Titleofreport
Publicationyear
*Sincenoreportnumberwasidentified,itwasnotincludedinthecitation.
11

14. APA Visual Guides Part 1
Citinga scholarly project (thesis,dissertation, etc.) from a database
Structure:
Author, F.M.(Publication year). Titleof dissertation/thesis (Doctoral
dissertation orMaster’s thesis). RetrievedfromNameofdatabase.
(Accession orOrder No.)
Titleofdissertation
Publicationyear
Nameofdatabase
Accessionno.
Author
Citation:
Knight, K. A. (2011).Mediaepidemics: Viralstructures inliterature andnew
media(Doctoraldissertation). RetrievedfromMLAInternational
Bibliography database. (Accession No.2013420395)
12

15. APA Visual Guides Part 1
Citinga scholarly project (thesis,dissertation, etc.) from a website
Structure:
Author, F.M.(Publication year). Titleof dissertation/thesis (Doctoral
dissertation orMaster’s thesis). RetrievedfromURL
Titleofthesis
Author
Publication
year
URL
Structure:
Simich, G.M.(2012).Socialmediaasaperformance space (Master’s thesis).
Retrievedfromhttp://www.academia.edu/1234099/
Masters_Thesis_Social_Media_as_a_Performance_Space
*Inthiscase,theURLrunsacrosstwolines.Whenthishappens,breaktheURLafteraforwardslashor
otherpunctuation.
13

16. APA Visual Guides Part 1
Citingonlinelecturenotesor presentationslides
TitleSlide of Lecture
Structure:
Author, F.M.(Publication year). Nameortitleoflecture [fileformat].
RetrievedfromURL
Lecturetitle
Authors
Publicationyear
Citation:
Jacobson, T.E.&Mackey,T.(2013). What’sinaname?:Information
literacy,metaliteracy,ortransliteracy [PowerPoint slides].
Retrievedfromhttp://www.slideshare.net/tmackey/acrl-2013
*Ifyouarecitingaclassroompresentation,includethesamedataexcepttheretrievalinformation.
14

17. APA Visual Guides Part 1
Citingan encyclopedia entry inprint
Author(s)
Front Cover Encyclopediatitle
KarenMcGheeandGeorgeMcKay
TitlePage(s) Provide
PublicationInformation
FirstpublishedinNorthAmericain2007by
theNationalGeographicSociety114517th
StreetN.W.Washington,D.C.20036-4688
Publisher
Cityofpublication
Publication
year
Structure:
Author, F.M.(Publication year).Entry title.In Encyclopedia title.(Vol.XX,pp.
XX-XX).City,Stateofpublication: Publisher.
First Page of the Article
PageNumber
Entrytitle
Citation:
McGhee,K., &McKay, G.(2007).Insects. In Encyclopedia ofanimals (p.
175).Washington, D.C.:National Geographic Society.
*Tertiarysourcesarenottypicallyappropriate forresearch papers.Checkwithyourinstructor.
15

18. APA Visual Guides Part 1
Bibletitle andversion
Take note!
Classicalreligioustexts,liketheBible,donotrequireacitationinthereferencelist inAPA
style.However,youmustincludeanin-textcitation anytimeyoureferencethesetextsin
yourwriting.
In-textCitations
• Whenquotingorparaphrasingspecificexcerpts fromthetext, includethe“relevant
namesand/ornumbersofchapters/verses/lines”inyourin-textcitation(Lee,2009).
Source:Lee, C. (2009,December 31).Happyholidayciting:Citationofclassicalworks[Web logpost].
IftheversionoftheBibleyouareusing
isrelevant, mentionitinthe first
referenceinyourwriting –this canbe
aseither ageneralreferenceora
formalin-text citation.
Remember, youonlyneedtocitetheversionoftheBibleusedinthefirstgeneral
referencetoorin-textcitationofthesource.Inallotherinstances,leaveitout.
In-text citation:
TheBibleextolsthe virtues oflove; “Love ispatient, love iskind.Itdoes
notenvy,itdoesnotboast, itisnotproud”(1Cor.13:4New International
Version).
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